Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Constraints in Implementation of Land Reforms Policies as Perceived by Agricultural Labourers of Erstwhile Cannanore District of Kerala, India","authors":"Namitha Reghunath, G. Sreedaya","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122299","url":null,"abstract":"Kerala state was formed in 1956 by the amalgamation of three political units Travancore, Cochin and Malabar and agrarian relations were developed independently in these three units. The term land reforms refers to the redistribution of agricultural land from existing public or private landowners to tenant farmers and agricultural labourers who work on such land without owning it. The land reforms implemented in Kerala is considered and propagated as a model one. Land reform resulted in the end of feudalistic production relations and reduction in caste inequality. But the fact is that actual tillers of the soil failed to get benefits from the land reform policies. The present study was conducted in Erstwhile Cannanore district of Kerala state (Present Kannur, Kasargod and North Wayanad). Thirty agricultural labourers each from five selected blocks of three districts (Kalliasseri & Taliparamba from Kannur, Kanhangad &Nileswaram from Kasargod and Panamaram from North Wayanad.) were identified randomly and the total number of respondents was 150. A well-structured interview schedule was used for collecting data from the respondents. Delphi technique was used to identify the constraints. The data were tabulated and inferences were drawn after appropriate statistical analysis. The results shows that constraints like ‘Most beneficiaries of land reforms were from upper part of the society’ is having highest total score (297) among the others and it is considered as the most severe constraint perceived by the agri. labourers followed by ‘Agricultural labourers are not much benefitted by the law’ (283) and ‘During tenancy reforms, bigger share of benefits went to richer sections than the actual tillers of soil’ (273).","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Challenges and Constraints Encountered by Mushroom Growers in Uttarakhand: A Comprehensive Study","authors":"Gayatri Pipaliya, M. A. Ansari","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122297","url":null,"abstract":"Mushroom cultivation has emerged as a promising and sustainable agricultural enterprise in many regions offering economic opportunities and nutritional benefits. Uttarakhand, a hilly state in Northern Himalayas of India, is known for its ecological diversity and rich biodiversity making it an ideal location for mushroom cultivation. This paper attempts to identify the challenges and constraints faced by mushroom growers in Uttarakhand, thereby shedding light on the unique circumstances that can influence the success of this industry in the region. The current investigation was conducted in four purposively chosen districts of Uttarakhand state renowned for their substantial mushroom production. Two blocks were purposefully selected from each district, resulting in a total of eight blocks chosen deliberately due to their high concentration of mushroom growers. Subsequently, two villages were randomly selected from each block, culminating in a total of sixteen villages and 280 respondents for the study. Employing the Garrett ranking technique to assess and rank the ten statements (constraints) gleaned through extensive literature review coupled with consultations with subject matter experts.  The study findings revealed that \"pest and disease problem\" was the most common constraint (Rank-1) faced by the mushroom growers highlighting its profound impact on mushroom cultivation. Following closely, \"market accessibility\" (Rank II) and \"non-availability/delay of inputs\" (Rank III) emerged as crucial factors that shape the mushroom cultivation landscape.  On the other end of the spectrum, the constraint of \"lack of transport\" (Rank X) was surprisingly identified as a comparatively lesser impediment. These rankings offer strategic insights into the essential aspects that necessitate targeted interventions and resource allocation within the realm of mushroom cultivation. The study reiterates the multifaceted advantages of mushroom cultivation while acknowledging the challenges that hinder its profitable and sustainable progression. The findings will be of immense significance to policymakers, agricultural development agencies and mushroom growers in the region as they provide valuable insights into the opportunities and constraints in promoting the sustainable mushroom cultivation in Uttarakhand.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138978592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job Competence of Agricultural Extension Officers in Telangana State","authors":"V. R. Krishna, R. S. Waghmare, M. K. Rathod","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122298","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted in the Nalgonda district of Telangana state with the aim of assessing the job competence and job satisfaction of Agricultural Extension Officers. A total of 120 Agricultural Extension Officers were selected for the study from different Mandals within Nalgonda district. Data was collected to analyse the profile and job competence levels of agricultural extension officers. Two rating techniques were employed in evaluating the job competence level of agricultural extension officers which were Self-rating and Superior rating. The study results revealed that 55.84% of Agricultural Extension Officers rated themselves that they had a medium level of job competence, while in case of superior rating, 57.50% of Agricultural Extension Officers had medium level of competence at a similar level. The overall finding on job competence indicated that 65% of agricultural extension officers were at a medium level of competence. In terms of Self-rating, agricultural extension officers demonstrated higher competence in communicative ability, initiative, empathy, and technical knowledge dimensions with a mean index. On the other hand, according to Superior rating, agriculture extension officers exhibited greater competence in initiative, communicative ability, empathy, and judgement dimensions with the mean index. The study emphasizes exploring job competence levels, various competence dimensions, and the relationship of independent variables with job competence among agricultural extension officers.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Land Use Pattern and Cropping Pattern among Different Gradients of Tiruchirapalli District – A Farm Level Analysis","authors":"E. Gayathri, K. S. Devi","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112295","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture plays a vital role in an Indian Economy. Changes in land use subsequently leading to decreased agricultural land in favour of the provision of residential accommodation in most urban settlements. The extent of land use is also influenced by technological changes over a period of time. The technological changes in agriculture ignited intensive cultivation resulting in conversion of marginal lands into productive agricultural lands through capital intensive cultivation. Changes in farming and land use patterns result in urbanisation, which puts ecological stability and food security at risk. Within this background, the study has been formulated with the objectives of land use pattern and cropping pattern is to analyse the temporal changes in the land use pattern and the loss of agricultural land in the selected rural, peri-urban and urban gradients, to study the changes and shift in cropping pattern and to estimate the crop diversification across the gradients. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used. The data has been analysed using descriptive statistics, diversification indices, multiple regression analysis and garett ranking. The results of farm level analysis revealed that the conversion of the agricultural land through human settlements and other uses was more pronounced in the urban and peri-urban households than the rural households, might be due to urbanization and industrialization. The results also revealed that the gradual shift in the cropping pattern was pronounced in the rural gradient, followed by peri-urban and urban gradients. The major constraint faced by the sample respondents were water scarcity and labour scarcity for the land use and crop diversification.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Seeking Behaviour of the Farmers of Haryana for the Adoption of Newly Released Wheat Varieties","authors":"Shikha Bhukal, Ella Rani, Vandana Verma, Mini Sharma, Diksha Rani","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112294","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in India.  Wheat is a prominent crop of India from the point of view of food security. It is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. Despite recent industrial developments, Haryana is primarily an agricultural state, with approximately seventy per cent of residents engaged in agriculture, and it ranks second in the country in terms of food grain production. The study was conducted in Hisar, Sirsa and Fatehabad districts of Haryana state as maximum FLD’s were disseminated in these areas. A well-structured questionnaire was distributed among the farmers for data collections. Purposive statistical measures such as percentages and frequency distribution were employed for data analysis. A total of 180 respondents were selected from six villages i.e. 30 respondents from each village where maximum seeds of newly released wheat varieties of CCSHAU were selected purposively. Communication profile of the respondents was measured in terms of source of information and credibility of sources was measured. majority of the respondents used localite information sources, which was followed by cosmopolites and also found that cosmopolite sources were more credible to gather information regarding wheat varieties released by CCSHAU. Kisan Call Centre was least used for information but their credibility was very high.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"59 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness of Coconut Growers to Join Farmer Producer Companies in Western Tamil Nadu–An Exploratory Study","authors":"K. Kalidas, S. Nila, Priyadharshini, V. Sudesh","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112293","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut, a versatile crop called as ‘Kalpaviriksha’ – A tree of Heaven. India, with the rich biodiversity of coconut, is the largest producer with 33.02 percent share or 22167 million nuts of the world's largest production of 67128 million nuts. But still, the farmers facing difficulties in marketing coconut. The constraints pertaining to the marketing of coconut were lack of government procurement system, lack of co-operative marketing, lack of proper market information, monopoly of market intermediaries, fluctuation in market price, and high commission among intermediaries were the major problems faced by the coconut growers.  This study analyses the perception and preference of coconut farmers in joining coconut producer companies in the Western Tamil Nadu. Descriptive analysis and Garret raking technique has been used and concluded that price provided by the FPC was good and fair enough compared to the market price, which was the major reason for joining the FPC and lack of awareness on benefits obtained, share capital contribution requirement, and benefits not distributed evenly are the major problem in not joining the FPCs.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis Of Farmer's Attitude Towards Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs) in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Abhinav Singh, R. K. Doharey, Ritesh Singh, Shudhanshu","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112291","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in Gorakhpur and Basti District of eastern region of Uttar Pradesh state by conducting a personal interview with 400 FPOs members those were selected through proportionate random sampling technique from 10 FPOs and 20 members were selected from each of the FPO. The study was carried out under objective \"To study the analysis of farmer's attitude towards farmers producer organizations.\" Out of 400 respondents 52.25 per cent respondents have high level of attitude towards FPOs followed by 34.50 per cent medium and 13.25 per cent have low level of attitude. The average mean of attitude observed to be 58.72 with a range of minimum 40 and maximum 74.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weather Based Prediction Models for Disease and Pest Using Machine Learning: A Review","authors":"Dayana David","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112290","url":null,"abstract":"Critical review of weather based prediction models of disease and pest attack on crops using machine learning (ML) algorithms are performed in the study. Since suitable weather conditions are the accelerators for the growth and spreading of disease or pest, the prediction models based on weather condition achieves high degree of accuracy. Due to the advancement of technology ML algorithms remarks successful application in prediction of diseases and pest on crops. The scope of the review work lies in the fact that the accurate forewarning system helps for the timely application of pest and disease management techniques which have greater significance in controlling and solving the damages due to diseases or pest infestation in plants. Stages in prediction models are analysed and the applied techniques are compared in detail in this review. Consequently, importance of weather parameters in perdition and, performance metrics used for evaluating the prediction models are compared and presented. The review presents the detailed discussion on machine learning algorithms used in the prediction models. The review reveals that new models with high degree of accuracy need to be developed for the prediction of diseases or pest outbreak of various crops.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Participation in Contract Farming among Smallholder Sorghum Farmers in Bondo Sub-County","authors":"Reinhard Bonnke Onyango, J. Lagat, J. Olwande","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112292","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This paper analyzed the socioeconomic and institution factors influencing participation in sorghum contract farming by smallholder farmers in Bondo, siaya county, Kenya. The study results are anticipated to encourage smallholder farmers to participate in sorghum commercialization rather than producing for subsistence.\u0000Study Design:  The study applied quantitative research design to determine factors that influences participation in sorghum contract farming by smallholder farmers.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bondo Siaya county Kenya. Targeted group were smallholder farmers producing sorghum either as contracted or non-contracted. The data was collected on sorghum production during 2020/2021 production year.\u0000Methodology: A multistage sampling technique was used to sample 135 non-contracted and 105 contracted smallholder sorghum farmers for the study. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire which was pretest prior to actual data collection. Data collected was analyzed using t-statistics and chi-squire for the descriptive statistics. While econometric analysis applied logistic regression model to determine factors influencing smallholder farmers’ participation in sorghum contract farming.\u0000Results: Findings revealed that post-primary education level ((beta) = 0.215; P = 0.04) , age ((beta) = 0.005; P = 0.00) , gender ((beta) = 0.144; P = 0.02) , number of active household members ((beta) = 0.090; P = 0.03) , group membership((beta) = 0.188; P = 0.00) , distance to the nearest main road in walking minutes ((beta) = 0.021; P = 0.00) , ownership of bicycle ((beta) = 0.210; P = 0.00) and ownership of oxen ((beta) = 0.238; P = 0.00) positively influence participation in sorghum contract farming. In contrarily, distance to the nearest extension agent office negatively influence participation in sorghum contract farming ((beta) = 0.004; P = 0.01) .\u0000Conclusion: The results suggest the need to increase access to extension services, implement policies for empowering women and youths to engage in contract farming, sensitize farmers to form groups to enhance working collectively to acquire input and output market. National and county governments should invest in physical infrastructure, such as roads, to improve access to agricultural information on new interventions.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"31 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector Autoregressive Model of Maize Production in Northern Region of Ghana","authors":"Dawuda Rasheed, S. K. Appiah","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112287","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural growth plays a crucial role in the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP, 2009) agenda. The program recognizes that increasing agricultural productivity is essential for reducing poverty, meeting food production targets, and lowering production costs and food prices for the impoverished. This study aimed to develop two types of models. The first model employed a vector autoregressive (VAR) approach, which involved regressing the production of maize in one district against the production of maize in other districts at various lags. The second model utilized a VAR framework where the maize production in each district was regressed against the production of maize in other districts and the corresponding climate conditions at different lag periods. The available data spanned from 1968 to 2018 and were recorded on an annual basis. Six climatic variables were included in the analysis. A lag order of 3 was selected for the models. The results of the autocorrelation test using the portmanteau test indicated no serial autocorrelation across all lag periods. The test for normality revealed that the residuals followed a normal distribution. Additionally, there was no evidence of heteroscedasticity in the data. Furthermore, a Granger causality test was conducted on the selected districts to explore causal relationships. Variance decomposition analysis was performed to assess the variance relation in the data and understand the contribution of different factors. Based on adjusted R-squared, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) values, the models that incorporated climatic variables were found to be the most suitable for forecasting maize production in the selected districts. The VAR model, which captures the interdependencies between the variables, was utilized in this analysis. All variables in the VAR model were treated symmetrically, meaning that their relationships were considered equally important.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}