Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Human Capital, Migration and Remittance in Developing Countries: A General Equilibrium Approach","authors":"Lili Gao, Lihui Chen, Dianshuang Wang","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i12339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i12339","url":null,"abstract":"The paper develops a three-sector model with Harris–Todaro type unemployment to examine the consequences of an increase of migrants’ human capital on remittance within a small open dual economy. By using indirect utility functions, the paper endogenizes the remittance. The theoretical analysis shows that an increase of human capital level of rural migrants increases their income, urban consumption and remittance, while its effect on the proportion of remittance in migrants’ income depends on the impact of remittance on agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"37 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Constraints Experienced by Homegarden Farmers of Coastal Agro-Ecological Units of Southern Kerala","authors":"Roshni Thampi, Allan Thomas","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122311","url":null,"abstract":"Homegardens or homesteads represent a promising land use system and are common in Kerala, where the average size of farm households is small. The present investigation was carried out in the coastal homegardens of three selected panchayaths of Southern Kerala during 2021-22 to measure the constraints perceived by the coastal homegarden farmers. A total of 105 homegardens were included in the sample, with 35 homegardens purposefully selected from each identified panchayat. Farmers were interviewed using a structured interview schedule containing both open and closed-ended questions to understand the constraints. The constraints were then ranked based on the total scores obtained by summing up the individual scores for each constraint. These constraints were categorized into five main groups: Economic, Personal, Technology, Physical, and Other Constraints. Among these, \"Lack of scientific knowledge,\" \"Salinity,\" and \"Flooding\" were identified as the most critical constraints. Furthermore, the farmers provided valuable suggestions to address these constraints. These recommendations emphasized the development of tailored practices for coastal home gardens, the need for support from extension agencies, collaborative technology development, integration of traditional and scientific approaches, the establishment of market connections, the creation of accessible input centres, and the promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). These suggestions highlight crucial areas for future action and development, potentially enhancing the sustainability and productivity of coastal home gardens in Southern Kerala, benefiting both farmers and the broader community.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Profit Chain of Little Millet by Farmer Producer Organization Farmers, Processors and Marketers in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Balaji Parasuraman, T. Mohanraj, A. Vidhyavathi, C. Karhikeyan, M. Kathiravan","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122309","url":null,"abstract":"Little millet, a significant part of the Indian diet known for its health benefits. The study focuses the factors influencing Profit chain of little millet by FPO farmers, processor and retailers.  The research focuses on Northern Tamil Nadu, analysing profitability for producers (75), processors (10), and marketers (10). A total sample of 95 respondents were surveyed using structured interview schedule.  Key factors influencing profit chain were identified using multiple linear regression model. For producers, Nitrogen and Potash fertilizer positively impact profits, while labour and seed exhibit negative effects. Processors benefit from positive associations with labour and transport, and marketers' profits are linked to labour, transportation, and storage. The findings stress the need for strategic interventions to enhance the millet value chain, emphasizing the importance of efficient logistics. The study recommends policy measures to increase farmers' productivity and profits through incentives, farmer support extension, and innovative technologies, promoting a balanced diet, weight maintenance, and overall well-being while addressing economic aspects of millet production and distribution.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania: A Stochastic Frontier Approach","authors":"Emilian Joseph Lutonja","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122308","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study focused on determining the level of technical efficiency (TE) and its corresponding common factors across all crops grown by Tanzanian smallholder farmers. The motive of this study came from production theory and production efficiency and the research was strongly attracted by the ongoing subsistence nature of the agriculture sector in the country that doesn’t fully meet the desired productivity \u0000Methology: The study employed the cross-sectional National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/2020 dataset while focusing on smallholder farmers operating in the long-rainy season by employing a single-step stochastic frontier model with an assumption of a Cobb-Douglas production function. \u0000Results: The results of production on frontier show that land size (Ha), seeds (Kg), and fertilizers (Kg) are the main requirement for smallholder farmers to produce their maximum output. Based on the efficiency equation, improved seeds, inorganic fertilizers, and access to extension services decrease farmers' technical inefficiency while household age and membership in a cooperative organization increase farmers' technical inefficiency. Further, the average level of technical efficiency among smallholder farmers in Tanzania is 56.7% which allows farmers to increase their output level up to 43.2% with the same level of inputs. \u0000Conclusion: As per the results, improved seeds and inorganic fertilizers are essential, however farmers organizations act as stumbling blocks. Thus, in this regard, Tanzanian farmers still have a room to improve and unlock their full potential, and so it is imperative for the government to take immediate measures to improve their technical efficiency such as introduction of more irrigation schemes, improved seed subsidies among others and farmers organizations should also be enhanced and streamlined to support farmers efficiency.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"104 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Socio-economic Profile of Farmers with Perception towards Soil Health Card in Surajpur District (C.G.)","authors":"A. Yadav, Y. K. Singh, Pushpak Patel, Jay Prakash Bishi","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122307","url":null,"abstract":"Soil test based nutrient management has emerged as a key issue in efforts to increase agricultural productivity and production. The optimal use of nutrients, based on soil analysis, can improve crop productivity and minimize nutrient waste, thus minimizing impact on the environment. The study was conducted in Surajpur District of Chhattisgarh, with 120 respondents. The finding indicated that majority of farmers had a high perception level 40 precent followed by medium 35 precent and only 25 precent farmer had low perception level. Education, Farming experience, land holding, Annual Income, Extension Contact, Mass Media Exposure, Scientific Orientation and Innovativeness were significantly related and age, Occupation, social participation were found non significantly relationship with perception level.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics of Multipurpose Tree Species","authors":"S. Bhalawe, Uttam Bisen, Bhagwat Prasad Pandre, Rameshwar Ahirwar","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122305","url":null,"abstract":"The multipurpose tree species is a plant species that is purposefully grown so as to provide two or more than two products and their leaf litter decomposition in our ecosystems has a play major role in nutrient dynamics in the atmosphere. From this review paper examined different leaf litter decomposition assessing methods in which litter bag method is most suitable methods to determination of decomposition rate. Abiotic factors such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, moisture, evaporation rate and soil physical factors such as soil pH, texture directly correlated to soil microbial such as algae, actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi communities to stimulating action for the breakdown of leaf litter composition (like- cellulose, hemicelluloses, tannin, lignin) and transfer of organic matter to nutrients, release of CO2 to the environment etc.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Exports of Garlic in India","authors":"Gayathri P., Sruthi Sai K.","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122303","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The present study entitled “Trends and exports of garlic in India” was undertaken to know trend in area, production, productivity, export quantity, domestic and international prices and competitiveness of Indian garlic export in international markets. \u0000Study Design: Secondary data regarding area, production, productivity, export quantity, export value, domestic and international prices of garlic in India was collected from 1990-91 to 2019-20, which includes 30 years data. The period has been divided in to three periods i.e., period I (1990-91 to 2004-05), period II (2005-06 to 2019-20) and overall period (1990-91 to 2019-20). \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The information of the present study was obtained from secondary data. Data was pertained from the year 1990-91 to 2019-20. \u0000Methodology: Different functions were tried to study trend in area, production, productivity, export, domestic and international prices of garlic and the best fit was used to analyse the trend. The export competitiveness of garlic was measured by Nominal Protection Coefficient. \u0000Results: Area, production, productivity, export quantity, export value of garlic showed cubic trend indicating that the movement of all the series was uniform throughout India whereas unit value of export, domestic and international prices of garlic showed compound trend. The export competitiveness of garlic was measured by Nominal Protection Coefficient which concluded values for period I was 1.70, for period II was 1.60 and for overall period was 1.65 indicating non-competitiveness of Indian garlic in all the periods in international markets. \u0000Conclusion: The study was mostly based only on a secondary data collected from various published sources. Limitations inherent in the secondary data are inevitable. It is important to increase export share of garlic by taking appropriate efforts. Market support by Government is necessary to support the farmers from considerable fluctuation in price and motivating them to produce a quality garlic.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical and Comprehensive Study on Paddy Market Trends, Predictive Models, and Stability for Agricultural Revenue Enhancement","authors":"Damor Joyal Rupsinh, Tripti Verma, Krishna","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122302","url":null,"abstract":"The way agricultural commodities' prices behave indicates how prices occasionally fluctuate between markets [1]. Comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the dynamics of paddy prices in Gujarat, emphasizing the importance of considering both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends. The findings contribute to a better understanding of market behaviour, aiding stakeholders in informed decision-making within the agricultural sector. In order to provide farmers with the knowledge of how much prices fluctuate over time in commodity markets and so increase their revenue, a ten-year study on the price behaviour of paddy was conducted inside the borders of the state of Gujarat (2009-2019). In order to gather statistics, three paddy markets in the state of Gujarat were specifically chosen based on the paddy arrivals that were highest. The trend diagram of the wholesale prices' yearly index number showed constant price fluctuations across the study period. Cuddy Dell Valle Index (CDI) was calculated to measure the instability in yearly and monthly prices.  Based on the investigation, it was determined that paddy displayed a poor stability index within their respective marketplaces. The trend in paddy prices was measured using the linear and quadratic models. For paddy markets, the coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was greater than 70%. Thus, it can be said that a significant portion of the changes in paddy prices over the chosen study period can be attributed to the linear model. In keeping with the quadratic trend, the markets for paddy, or Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, also showed a positive coefficient of the quadratic term, or T2. Comparing the quadratic and linear model for the markets of paddy the quadratic model performed better in Gandhinagar than the linear model did in Ahmedabad and Surat. Compound rate of increase in annual prices were analysed by exponential model. The rates of growth in the prices of Paddy in Ahmedabad, Surat, and Gandhinagar were 5.80 percent, 5.84 percent, and 4.68 percent, respectively. To separate seasonal variation from the original composite data, a multiplicative model was applied. To arrive at the twelve-month total of 1200 points, these ratios were averaged for each of the twelve months for the whole period. The Ahmedabad market's paddy produced the highest coefficient of seasonal variation (25.84 percent).","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contingent Valuation of Forest Produce in High Altitude Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"V. K. V. D. Rao, Y. Radha, I. V. Y. R. Rao, P. B. H. Reddy, B. R. Murthy","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122300","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims at estimating compound annual growth rate of forest area in the high altitude zone of Andhra Pradesh state. The study was based on secondary data, which were collected from various published and unpublished sources. The data related to forest area was collected for the period of 1990-91 to 2020-21. For detailed analysis, the whole period was divided into two sub-periods i.e., period I (1990-91 to 2004-05), period II (2006-07 to 2020-21). The overall compound growth rate of forest area under high altitude zone of Andhra Pradesh was positive (0.54 per cent). But negative growth rate (-0.0048 per cent) was found in area for the HAT Zone in period-I (1990-91 to 2005-06) and positive growth rate (1.74 per cent) was found in area for the HAT Zone in period-II (2006-07 to 2020-21). Compound annual growth rate of forest area was found positive in overall period for the high altitude zone. Contingent Valuation (CV) and its two arms like Willingness To Pay (WTP) and Willingness To Accept (WTA) are survey methods that were supposed to measure the value of non-market goods mainly for minor forest products. Willingness To Accept usually consists of getting the information from the producers on how much they are willing to accept to avoid a negative or to accept a positive outcome. The results showed that willingness to accept was significant for all minor forest products like beedi leaves (Diospyros melanoxylon), soap nut (Sapindus trifoliatus), honey, bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), firewood, vegetables, mushroom, fruits and cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale). The empirical results revealed that producers were willing to accept a premium for these forest products but lack of store availability, lack of credit facilities and middlemen exploitation were the major problems faced by the producers for which a reliable regulatory system is necessary to mitigate the quality constraint problem of forest products.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on Standardization of Value-added Products of Fig Fruits Grown in Ballari District of Kalyana, Karnataka, India","authors":"Shilpa Huchchannanavar, Ramesh B. K., Vanishree S., U. Nidoni","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122301","url":null,"abstract":"The fig fruit, Ficus carica L., (Moraceae family) is one among the major fruit crops grown in Ballari district of Kalyana Karnataka. Due to rapid respiration rate and significant ethylene production fruits are climacteric and extremely perishable. Among the three varieties namely Ballari, Daenna, and Turkey brown are grown in Ballari District, Ballari variety covers larger area.  Although growing fig is a year-round farming activity in the region, there are just a few fig processing technologies available to adopt. ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ballari conducted a study to develop novel value-added products using fig varieties grown in the district. Processes to make dry fruit fig burfi and fig-banana rolls were standardised and nutritional value of the standardised products were analysed. The results showed fig dry fruit burfi made from Ballari variety having high protein (12.78g), calcium (17.45mg) and iron (6.0mg) content compared to other two varieties. Fig banana rolls made from Ballari variety also showed higher total mineral content (2.06g), fibre (1.62g), protein (0.70g) and carbohydrates (81.26 g) compared to other two varieties. After 60 days of storage, an organoleptic evaluation and microbiological analyses were carried out. Dry fruit burfi and fig-banana rolls made from Ballari variety were shown to be more nutrient-dense and performed better in organoleptic test when compared to those made with other varieties. Microbial loads test after 60 days of storage period showed the total plate counts below the permissible IFSA (International Flight Services Association) requirements for fig burfi and fig banana rolls made of all the three varieties. None of the products had any mould or yeast. The study revealed the value added products made from Ballari variety fig are more nutritious than that made with other two varieties grown in the district.","PeriodicalId":427773,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}