Exploring the Challenges and Constraints Encountered by Mushroom Growers in Uttarakhand: A Comprehensive Study

Mushroom cultivation has emerged as a promising and sustainable agricultural enterprise in many regions offering economic opportunities and nutritional benefits. Uttarakhand, a hilly state in Northern Himalayas of India, is known for its ecological diversity and rich biodiversity making it an ideal location for mushroom cultivation. This paper attempts to identify the challenges and constraints faced by mushroom growers in Uttarakhand, thereby shedding light on the unique circumstances that can influence the success of this industry in the region. The current investigation was conducted in four purposively chosen districts of Uttarakhand state renowned for their substantial mushroom production. Two blocks were purposefully selected from each district, resulting in a total of eight blocks chosen deliberately due to their high concentration of mushroom growers. Subsequently, two villages were randomly selected from each block, culminating in a total of sixteen villages and 280 respondents for the study. Employing the Garrett ranking technique to assess and rank the ten statements (constraints) gleaned through extensive literature review coupled with consultations with subject matter experts.  The study findings revealed that "pest and disease problem" was the most common constraint (Rank-1) faced by the mushroom growers highlighting its profound impact on mushroom cultivation. Following closely, "market accessibility" (Rank II) and "non-availability/delay of inputs" (Rank III) emerged as crucial factors that shape the mushroom cultivation landscape.  On the other end of the spectrum, the constraint of "lack of transport" (Rank X) was surprisingly identified as a comparatively lesser impediment. These rankings offer strategic insights into the essential aspects that necessitate targeted interventions and resource allocation within the realm of mushroom cultivation. The study reiterates the multifaceted advantages of mushroom cultivation while acknowledging the challenges that hinder its profitable and sustainable progression. The findings will be of immense significance to policymakers, agricultural development agencies and mushroom growers in the region as they provide valuable insights into the opportunities and constraints in promoting the sustainable mushroom cultivation in Uttarakhand.