Acta Kinesiologica最新文献

{"title":"EXTERNAL FOCUS OF ATTENTION AFFECTS SHOT ACCURACY IN ELITE ARCHERS","authors":"Andrea Vrbik, I. Zavoreo, Ivan Vrbik","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The intention of this study was to find out if external focus of attention, steering the archers’ focus on distal movement effects, will provide better shooting accuracy expressed as higher number of 10 points and higher overall result. The subject sample was consisted of 10 elite male archers, with average age 25.8 years. The sample of variables was derived from observed characteristics of entities in different shooting conditions. A measure of arrow distance from the center of the target face was used in order to estimate shooting precision. The testing consisted of three different shooting conditions: C1- free focus of attention, C2 – internal focus of attention and C3 – external focus of attention. The analysis showed that the highest results were obtained in condition of externally oriented focus of attention (C3), and the lowest results in condition of internally oriented focus of attention (C2). Friedman’s ANOVA did not show statistical differences between the conditions, but they were found between C2 and C3 in afterwards administered Wilcoxon’s test (p=0.047).","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70783093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POSTURE OF THE TRUNK IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE AND THE SHAPE OF FEET IN OLDER WOMEN WITH NORMAL AND EXCESSIVE BODY WEIGHT","authors":"Katarzyna Wódka, E. Smoła, Marta A. Bibro, Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz, A. Jankowicz-Szymańska","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study has been to determine the relationship between the shape of the thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sagittal trunk inclination, and the longitudinal and transverse arches of the feet, the position of the hallux and the fifth toe in women with normal and excessive body weight. Material and methods: Eighty nine women aged from 57 to 84 were studied. The shape of the spine was examined using the Zebris pointer ultrasound system, and the shape of feet was evaluated with a podoscope with a 3D scanner. The data analysis was performed using the Statistica v13 software, frequency tables, descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the post hoc Tukey test, and Spearman’s rank-order correlations coefficient. Obesity has been reported to increase thoracic kyphosis, increase the forward lean of the trunk and flatten the longitudinal arch of the feet. It was found that there is a relationship between the forward lean of the body and the reduction in the longitudinal and transverse arch of the feet and the valgus position of the hallux, and between the degree of thoracic kyphosis and the valgus position of the hallux. Excess body weight, to a greater extent than age, influences the position of the trunk and the shape of feet in older women. A feature of the body posture that is characteristic of older women is the progression of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, the forward lean of the body and the lowering of the arch of the feet.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70783903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATING THE BODY RESPONSE TO A 15-MINUTE WORKOUT PROPOSED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GYM TRAINING DURING LOCKDOWN CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Dariusz Boguszewsk, A. Szymanska, Justyna Wielgosz, Aleksandra Hanc, Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk, D. Białoszewski","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to study the body reaction to high intensity interval training. The study included 92 women aged 18 to -35. People who have been engaged in organised, regular physical activity (at least twice a week) were qualified to Group 1. Group 2 were physically inactive persons. All subjects performed interval training in the Tabata formula - two 4-minute sequences. The exercise carried out in the first part is elevating the legs from the “plank” position, in the second part, the hands were elevated from the same position. The pulse rate, the Borg Scale and the VAS pain rate scale (24, 48, 72 and 96 h after exercise) were used to assess the exercise intensity. The respondents from both groups performed the training at a similar intensity: the average heart rate after workout was 131 beats per minute. The highest pain of all muscle groups (when added together) was recorded 24 hours after training. The highest pain intensity during the four days after the training concerned the back and abdominal muscles in Group 1 and the muscles of the abdomen, back and arms (front and back). The intensity of abdominal and arm muscle pain (front) was significantly higher in Group 2. The proposed 15-minute workout planned in the form of Tabata evoked similar cardiovascular reactions in both groups and a similar subjective evaluation of intensity. Individuals who were physically active before the introduction of restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic had less pain in the muscular system after the applied training.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSFER OF POST-INERTIAL TRAINING GAINS TO FUNCTIONAL FITNESS OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE OLDER WOMEN","authors":"W. Brzenczek-Owczarzak, A. Naczk, J. Arlet, T. Jędrzejczak, Z. Adach, M. Naczk","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to estimate the influence of inertial training on knee extensor muscle strength and power and evaluate the effect of that training on functional fitness in physically active older women. Twenty-two physically active women ages 58-70 years were randomly divided into a training (T) and a control groups (C). The T group performed inertial training using the ITMS three times per week for five weeks. Each training session included three exercise sets involving the knee extensor muscles. The 30-second chair stand, 8-ft up-and-go, and stair climbing tests were used to estimation of functional fitness. Significant post-training increases of average force (55%) and power (62%) were noted in the T group (p ≤ 0.05). No significant magnitudes of changes were observed in the C group. Changes in functional tests did not differ significantly between T group (2.9-5.6%) and C group (0.6-5.4%). Post-training changes on ITMS were not significantly correlated with changes in functional tests. Inertial training proposed here induced significant improvements in knee muscle strength and power in physically active older women, but the transfer of post-training gains to functional fitness was poor. It seems that the 30-second chair stand, 8-ft up-and-go, and stair climbing tests are undemanding tests for women with very good functional mobility and further study to estimate post-inertial training transfer should be done using more demanding tests for this sub-population.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE MANIFESTATION OF EXPLOSIVE POWER OF LOWER LIMBS IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS","authors":"Vladan Pelemiš, I. Prskalo, Damir Mandić, Z. Momčilović, Vladimir Momčilović","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical jump is seen as the main motor skill in basketball, on which the final result largely depends. The research was conducted with the aim of identifying the connection between morphological characteristics and the manifestation of tests for assessing the explosive power of lower limbs of adolescent basketball players (14.99±0.82 years of age). The assessment of the explosive power of lower limbs was done using the tensiometer Quattro Jump - Kistler Portable performance analysis system 2019, Type 9290DD Switzerland, and standardized tests countermovement jump and squat jump were applied. The system of predictor variables included the factor of longitudinal skeletal dimensions, transverse skeletal dimensions, body volume and weight factor, and subcutaneous adipose tissue factor. All anthropometric measures were strictly taken in accordance with IBP standards. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the system of predictor variables had a statistically significant effect on the manifestation of explosive power of lower limbs in the variable countermovement jump (P=0.05) and squat jump (P=0.01). High values of the coefficients of determination in both cases explain from 92% to 97% of the total variation. The predictor variable Wrist diameter (Beta = -0.78) had the highest significant negative correlation in the countermovement jump test, while the following predictor variables also had the highest significant negative correlation with the squat jump criterion: Chest circumference (Beta=-1.07), Body weight (Beta=-060) and Thigh circumference (Beta=-0.39). Furthermore, negative correlations of variables for the assessment of transverse skeletal dimensions in young basketball players and negative linear correlation of variables for the assessment of subcutaneous adipose tissue in both criteria were observed. The authors recommend dividing athletes by positions they play in, in order to obtain more accurate information about the negative correlation between morphological characteristics and vertical jump tests.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OUTDOOR AND INDOOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAMS IN PARTICIPANTS’ OPINIONS","authors":"M. Pasek, E. Bendíková, Mirosława Szark-Eckardt","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The studies were conducted to determine the degree of dependence between the physical conditions of organizing school exercise classes and the accompanying emotions expressed by pupils. The factor differentiating the nature of these classes was the environment, which in one case was the natural environment in the vicinity of the school, and in the other one - school infrastructure facilities. The data were collected using The Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire PAGEQ in a group of 220 students participating in a kinesiology learning project. The results seem to indicate the role of the natural environment that positively shapes human feelings.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF ACTIVE REHABILITATION ON WHEELCHAIR DISTANCE IN MEN WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY AT THE CERVICAL OR THORACIC LEVELS","authors":"M. Wendt, Adrianna Banio, M. Waszak","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Active Rehabilitation (AR) on wheelchair distance in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) at the cervical or thoracic levels. The research group consisted of 30 men with cervical or thoracic SCI. All the participants completed the \"1st level\" rehabilitation camp in Spała (12 days). A modified Cooper test was used twice: the day before and the day after the AR camp. AR had increased the distance covered in a wheelchair in men with thoracic (18%) and cervical (29%) SCI. The percentage of change in the Cooper test result due to AR has a statistically significant dependency on the degree of impairment of spinal cord function according to the ASIA scale (parametric test: p=0.0131, nonparametric test p=0.0018). The level of SCI does not significantly differentiate this variable (parametric test: p=0.3418, nonparametric test p=0.0673). Contrary to expectations, men with SCI at cervical level improved more, which suggests that AR is a valuable therapeutic component in the rehabilitation of patients with SCI. The wheelchair distance improvement due to AR depends more on the degree of impairment of the spinal cord function than on the level of the SCI itself.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70783603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILES OF PARTICIPANTS IN SPORTS ACTIVITY IN POLAND RANDOM TREE BASED ANALYSIS","authors":"E. Biernat, Dawid Majcherek, Łukasz Skrok","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.s1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.s1.11","url":null,"abstract":"While the benefits of sports activity are well-documented, people remain reluctant to engage in it in selected developed countries (including Middle and Eastern Europe). A comparison of empirical results indicates that the reasons behind such behaviour are heterogenous and complex. As implied by the socio-ecological framework, different spheres of life and the interactions between them matter. By using the results of a study on Polish society conducted in 2015, Social Diagnosis, and a random forest model, we show the key demographic, socio-economic characteristics and interactions between them in explaining the difference between engaging in sports activity and not doing so. In particular, we identify three crucial variables: age, participation of other adults in the same household in sports activity, and proclivity for restaurants, bars, pubs.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IS PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES RELATED TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY TIME IN ADOLESCENT BOYS AND GIRLS?","authors":"A. Kantanista, Joanna Borowiec","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between adolescents’ frequency of participation in physical education and physical activity and their amount of screen time. The study included 1,502 girls and 1,379 boys aged 14–16 years. We measured the participants’ frequency of participation in physical education classes, physical activity, and sedentary behavior by means of a questionnaire-based survey. We found that participation in physical education classes was associated with higher levels of physical activity in boys and girls, less time spent on electronic devices in both genders, and less time devoted to watching TV in girls. Girls participated in physical education classes more often, had lower levels of physical activity, and spent less time on sedentary activities than boys. In conclusion, increasing the frequency of participation in physical education classes may be an effective strategy for reducing physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70783520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRENGTH ABILITIES IN SPORTS SWIMMING A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"J. Nadobnik, Aleksander Wiażewicz","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Strength training is an important part of the preparation of competitive athletes. The subject of interest of the scientists connected of sports swimming was the level of strength ability of the competitors practising this sport and the influence of this ability on the final sports result. The purpose of this review is to describe and consider the impact of strength training of the shoulder muscles in sports swimming. A literature review was conducted in Embase, Medline PubMed, DOAJ, EBSCO and Google databases. Basic search terms are: training in sports swimming, strength tests, evaluation of muscle properties, rotation of the arm, strength measurement methods. Results: 235 results were found and 148 professional publications were selected and analysed. A thorough review of scientific publications indicates that strength parameters of the shoulder girdle muscles played a very important role on the sports performance of swimmers. The programmes combining swim training with 'on land' strength improvement or electrical stimulation are more effective than swim training alone. Significant fatigue of the rotator muscles can impair shoulder stability and result in injury. Increased strength in the internal rotation movement may result pathological conditions of the shoulder.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}