Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Mainak Pal, N. Mandal, Anirban Ray, Pradip K. Saha","doi":"10.1177/09731342221141028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221141028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments in language acquisition, social functioning, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. There is no definitive management for the ASD spectrum. The management options available are not beyond criticism. Hence, the search for new options is actively in progress. Noninvasive brain stimulation interventions such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears to be a promising tool for the treatment of ASD. However, the available literature on TMS use in ASD is preliminary. Methods: This was a hospital-based longitudinal study conducted over 50 patients with ASD of 6 to 16 years of age. The Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) was used for the assessment of the extent of disability in these children. They were given 10 sessions of rTMS over a period of 10 days over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and reassessed for any improvement in ISAA score after 1 day and 3 months of completion of all the sessions of rTMS. Results: There was no statistically significant change in the total ISAA score or any of the 6 domains of ISAA after 1 day and 3 months of giving 10 sessions of TMS. There were no significant adverse effects after giving rTMS. In a few patients, mild headache, neck pain, or discomfort at the stimulation site was noted. Conclusion: This study has shown that low-frequency rTMS does not have any significant improvement on the various symptoms of ASD. However, there are no major adverse effects after giving rTMS. Also, it points toward the need for further studies.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"252 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44612850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Promotion in Adolescents","authors":"Siriporn Santre","doi":"10.1177/09731342221120709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221120709","url":null,"abstract":"The number of adolescents with mental disorders is becoming a worldwide problem, since it has an influence not only on the health of this generation while they are still in this age group but also on their health as adults. The objective of this review aimed to focus on mental health problem and health promotion program among adolescents. The significance of mental health promotion and intervention programs in enhancing adolescents’ well-being and reducing mental health problems is highlighted in this study. There is an opportunity to apply a whole-school strategy with online curriculums. In the digital era, smartphone applications, social networking sites, and the Internet play an important role in daily life, there is an opportunity to develop a mental health promotion program. In addition, through the implementation of evidence-based programs, schools have been placed at the frontline of promoting positive mental health and well-being. The recommended intervention programs can be implemented in a variety of settings, including schools and communities, as well as through digital platforms. Therefore, adolescents’ mental health problems can be mitigated by using effective mental health promotion programs.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"122 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Parenting on Maladaptive Schemas and Emotion Regulation in Adolescents Presenting With Self-Injurious Behavior in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India","authors":"Osheen Shrivastava, Prerna Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09731342221120714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221120714","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Parenting is a key factor in development of cognitive and emotional patterns of viewing self, others, and the world. The present study aimed to explore the influence of parenting on early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and emotion regulation in individuals presenting with self-injurious behavior. Method: A total of 32 adolescents with self-injurious behavior aged 15 to 18 years participated in this cross-sectional exploratory study. Measures used were Parental Handling Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form. Results: The results indicate a significant negative correlation of parental care with lack of emotional clarity (r = −0.403, P < .05) with schema of self-punitiveness (r = −0.179, P < .05) and a significant positive correlation with emotional inhibition (r = 0.423, P < .05) and schema of admiration seeking (r = 0.364, P < .05). Parental control was found to be significantly positively correlated with schemas of pessimism (r = 0.350, P < .05) and significantly negatively correlated with admiration seeking (r = 0.477, P < .01). Parenting was also found to be a significant predictor for emotion regulation and EMS (P < .05). Conclusion: Parenting has a significant influence on emotional regulation and EMS. Findings have a bearing on future research and targeted interventions in clinical care settings.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"167 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents","authors":"N. Nebhinani, Pranshu Singh, Mamta","doi":"10.1177/09731342221096503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221096503","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to addictive substances commonly occurs during childhood and adolescence and it adds more adverse consequences in life course. However, evidence is scarce for management of substance use disorders in this population. Methods: We searched for published literature of previous 10 years on PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar until June 2021. The literature found relevant was organized into various subheadings like epidemiology, etiology, screening, and prevention and treatment. Results: Alcohol and tobacco remain the most commonly used substances amongst children and adolescents the world over, closely followed by cannabis. High-risk populations including street children are most severely afflicted. There are a multitude of risk factors ranging from biological to psychosocial, most importantly parental drug use and adverse experience in childhood. Public health initiatives including school, family, and community interventions have shown promising results. Early screening for substance use is beneficial with special attention on externalizing disorders. Studies on pharmacological treatment remain sparse while psychosocial interventions employing different modalities such as behavioural- and contingency-related techniques have shown initial promise. Conclusions: Adolescents and children are more prone to substance use and associated risk-taking behavior. There is a vital need for well-designed studies for assessing risk and protective factors, comprehensive screening, prevention, and intervention modalities in children and adolescents including street children and other high-risk population.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"128 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Perception and Psychological Well-Being as Determinants of Classroom Behavior of Students With and Without Learning Disability","authors":"Veni R.K., Annie Marie Merlene","doi":"10.1177/09731342221122840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221122840","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies in the field of learning disability (LD) have repeatedly shown that majority of the LD students experience negative social comparisons, result in negative self-perception (SP), especially in the classrooms. Literature has also described that these students are more prone to develop mental health issues which may reflect in the way they behave within the classroom. Though studies have been found done separately on some of the dimensions of SP, psychological well-being (PWB), and classroom behavior (CRB) on learning disabled and their normal peers, no scientific study was found done together either in India or abroad. Objectives: The study aims at comparing the differences in SP, PWB, and CRB of students with and without LD. The study has also attempted to assess the relationship and influence of SP and PWB on CRB of the learning-disabled students from the schools of Kerala. Method: A representative sample of learning disabled (N = 225) and normal pupils (N = 260) was selected for the study. The data was collected using a scale of SP, mental health profile, and CRB inventory along with a personal information sheet. The data was analyzed using (a) independent t test (two tailed t test for significant difference between the means of independent samples), (b) computation of statistical indices like mean, percentages, and standard deviation, (c) Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation (r), and (d) stepwise multiple regression analysis. Result: Results indicated that the pupils with LD were found to show lower SP, low PWB, and exhibit poor CRB in comparison to their normal peers. It was observed that there is a significant positive relationship found among all the major variables under the study namely, SP, PWB, and CRB of the learning-disabled students in the schools of Kerala. Findings also revealed that SP and PWB has a combined effect on CRB and PWB was found to be a better predictor of CRB of the learning-disabled students. Conclusion: The result of the study implies the need for enhancing the SP and PWB of LD students so as to improve their CRB with the help of psychologists, special educators, teachers, and other school authorities.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"158 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42107355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Screen Addiction a Problem Among Rural School-Going Adolescents? A Cross-Sectional Study in South Karnataka","authors":"A. Johnson, Pooja R. Sridhar, Merlyn Joseph","doi":"10.1177/09731342221096481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221096481","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Media, including mobile phones, computers, and social media, is a dominant force in the lives of adolescents, and has now penetrated the rural areas. Screen addiction (SA) is a pathological compulsive use of screen-based devices. Objectives: To estimate SA and its associated factors among school-going adolescents residing in a rural area in South Karnataka. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents (10-19 years) in 4 schools of Solur Hobli, Ramanagara district, using a structured questionnaire including physical activity, family, and academic stressors. SA was assessed using Tao’s Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction. Depression was screened using Physical Health Questionnaire-9. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done for factors associated with SA. Results: Of the 335 adolescents, 20% felt preoccupied with screens, 8% felt restless, moody, and irritable when not using them, 26% used screen devices as a way of escaping problems or relieving irritable mood, 12% had depression, and 3.9% had SA. SA was significantly higher among depressed subjects (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.18 [1.48-18.13], P = .010), males (AOR = 12.54 [1.46-109.9], P = .021), adolescents who felt that their parents fought frequently (AOR = 4.21 (1.17-15.09), P = 0.027), and adolescents who did not participate in sports (AOR = 3.82 (confidence interval: 1.04-14.06], P = 0.044). Conclusion: While proportion of rural students with SA is still low, we need to prevent this from developing into a public health issue by recognizing SA and depression among students and develop targeted interventions to manage the same, including increasing awareness among teachers and students about SA and its link with depression.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"137 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46851481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Deprivation Among School-Going Adolescents in an Urban Setting in Kerala (India); Descriptive Study","authors":"G. Zacharia, Priya Sreenivasan, Gayathri S. Iyer, A. Reghunath, Muhammod Rishad Shajahan","doi":"10.1177/09731342221122841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221122841","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To study the prevalence of sleep deprivation (SLD) and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents of 9th to 12th grades (13-18 years) in an urban setting in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Methodology: The participants were selected through random sampling. Self-administered structured questionnaire focusing on sleep habits, study habits, before bed screen-time, and parental sleep habits was administered to them. Weight and height were measured to calculate Body Mass Index. Results: Out of the 426 students, 29 were excluded and 302 students (76.07%) had SLD. Mean age was 15.79 years (standard deviation: 1.23). Univariate analysis showed adolescents above 15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2203, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.380-3.517), students of 11th and 12th (OR = 2.205, 95% CI: 1.380-3.523), sleeping after 10 PM (OR = 19.617, 95% CI: 10.586-36.355), waking up before 6 AM (OR = 2.586, 95% CI: 1.554-4.304), sleeping after parents (OR = 2.356, 95% CI: 1.415-3.922) had significant risk. On multivariate analysis, students of 11th and 12th (adjusted OR [aOR] = 3.197, 95% CI: 1.107-9.234), going to bed after 10 PM(aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), waking up before 6 AM (aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), and sleeping after parents (aOR = 1.927, 95% CI: 1.011-3.673) were significant. Conclusion: Prevalence of SLD among adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was 76.07%. Higher secondary classes, going to sleep after 10 PM, waking up before 6 AM, and sleeping after parents had significant SLD. Good sleep habits can be promoted by including their importance in school curriculum.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"152 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48326260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Social Isolation, and Online Gaming Addiction: Evidence From Two Case Reports","authors":"S. Arya, M. Sharma, S. Rathee, Priya Singh","doi":"10.1177/09731342221118164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221118164","url":null,"abstract":"In the background of COVID-19 restrictions, online games have positioned themselves as activities which promote adherence to precautionary measures, while allowing users to socially interact and entertain themselves. Emerging evidence suggest increase in viewership as well as gaming activity throughout the world. However, such rapid increase in initiation of gaming activities also puts vulnerable population at risk of developing problematic use and addiction. We provide 2 real world examples of how pandemic-related changes can contribute toward gaming disorder in those with previously recreational or minimal Internet gaming. Public health policymakers need to be mindful of potential fallout of gaming addiction secondary to increased changes brought by the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"196 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41416710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Risperidone and Methylphenidate for Problem Behaviors and Core Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Trial","authors":"S. Mahajan, P. Arun, Nidhika Chauhan","doi":"10.1177/09731342221096496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221096496","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Risperidone and methylphenidate are commonly used drugs to manage problem behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies report that these 2 drugs may be helpful in improving core symptoms of ASD as well. Aim: To assess and compare the efficacy and safety profile of risperidone and methylphenidate for problem behaviors and core symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD. Setting and Design: An 8-week, prospective, interventional, randomized, and open-label trial carried out in a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects with a diagnosis of ASD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition were randomized to risperidone and methylphenidate groups. Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition, Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism, and Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form were used for assessments. Adverse effects, physical, and laboratory parameters were monitored regularly. Statistical Analysis: Tests applied include chi-square test, repeated measures Analysis of Variance, and Student t test, and nonparametric tests for skewed data. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Both drugs improved inattention, hyperactivity, and stereotypies. Methylphenidate reduced self-isolation, and risperidone improved emotional dysregulation, aggression, and self-injury. Adverse effects were seen in 55% of methylphenidate group (commonly decreased appetite and irritability) and 40% of risperidone group (commonly sedation and increased appetite). Improvement in stereotypy with both drugs and self-isolated behavior with methylphenidate indicates a possible role in improving core symptoms of ASD. Conclusion: Both drugs were beneficial in the management of behaviors associated with ASD. Further research to establish their role in reducing core symptoms and long-term safety is warranted.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"186 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42020713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety Disorders Among Students of Adolescent Age Group in Selected Schools of Tiruchirappalli, South India: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Anbarasi Muthusamy, R. Gajendran, Pavithra Thangavel","doi":"10.1177/09731342221118248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221118248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders among school-going children and adolescents worldwide. Multiple factors like internalization of the symptoms, lack of proper objective assessment, societal stigmatization, and influence of parental pressure may alter the prevalence and incidence. Aim: The current study is done to identify the prevalence of anxiety disorders in school children and their associated risk factors. Method: A total of 550 students (266 boys and 284 girls), studying in grades 8 to 12 in urban and rural schools chosen by stratified random sampling, were subjected to a questionnaire survey by the team of trained investigators using “Screen for Child Anxiety and Emotion-related Disorder (SCARED)—child Version.” Results: Total prevalence of anxiety assessed using the SCARED scale was 51%. The prevalence of subtypes of anxiety disorders was also identified viz, generalized anxiety disorder—16%, panic disorder—23%, school phobia—17%, separation anxiety—31%, and social phobia—13%. All the disorders showed higher incidence in girls (P < .01). Discussion: The anxiety disorders were associated significantly with students from rural schools, those studying in the Tamil medium, those staying in hostels, students who had mothers who were employed, and living in extended family environments. Students who walked to school and who had neither of their parents as caregivers were more likely to have panic disorder, school phobia, social phobia, and separation anxiety disorder. Conclusion: This study documented a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders and subtypes and highlighted the factors associated with anxiety disorders in school students of the adolescent age group.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"144 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42661329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}