International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting最新文献

{"title":"Independence at what cost? Regulation, accounting careers, and human capital","authors":"Vivek Pandey, Xingyu Shen, Joanna S. Wu, Xixi Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101916","url":null,"abstract":"On-the-job training is a key driver of human capital development (Becker, 1962). We argue that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), aimed at strengthening auditor independence, changed the economics of public accounting and unintentionally reduced opportunities for accountants to invest in their human capital on the job. SOX barred public accounting firms from offering consulting services to audit clients and introduced barriers to accountants transitioning to client firms. This weakened opportunities for collaboration between audit and consulting, limited accountants’ exposure to addressing clients’ business problems, and reduced networking. This diminished opportunities for accountants to gain broad experience, develop skills, and grow professional networks, making the accounting profession less attractive, especially to top talent. Using individual-level data, we compare accountants (treated group) and consultants (benchmark group) before and after SOX, within the same public accounting firm, time, and location. After SOX, accountants were less likely to move into consulting roles or to clients of their audit firms, and their wages declined. Consistent with reduced career opportunities discouraging accounting education, we find a drop in the quality of students declaring accounting majors after SOX. Importantly, to more directly connect career opportunities to university accounting enrollments, we show that when university alumni transitions from public accounting to consulting decline, both the quantity and quality of subsequent accounting enrollments at their alma maters drop. We uncover a previously overlooked cost of regulations concerning the accounting profession.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"4 1","pages":"101916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imperfect Expectations in Loan Loss Forecasts","authors":"Sanjeev Bhojraj, Anya Kleymenova, Miao Liu, Yao Lu, Partha Sengupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148461826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sound of uncertainty: Examining managerial acoustic uncertainty in conference calls","authors":"Daniela De la Parra, John Gallemore","doi":"10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101914","url":null,"abstract":"Building on the literature showing that speech disfluency conveys information about the speaker’s uncertainty, we create a measure of firm uncertainty based on disfluency of managerial speech in earnings conference calls and examine its impact on analysts. We show that, when managers exhibit greater disfluency (which we label “managerial acoustic uncertainty”) in their responses to analyst questions, analyst forecast dispersion increases, even after accounting for characteristics of the language being used by managers and analysts. Furthermore, we find that the positive association between acoustic uncertainty and analyst forecast dispersion is concentrated in conference calls in which the managerial responses exhibit more specificity and forward-looking information, and for firms with more negative earnings news and weaker information environments. Our findings are consistent with uncertainty expressed in the acoustic features of managerial speech affecting market participants, and suggest that our measure captures a unique aspect of firm uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"45 1","pages":"101914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148587243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditing smart contracts","authors":"Wayne Landsman, Evgeny Lyandres, Edward Maydew, Daniel Rabetti, Che Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101911","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides descriptive evidence on the determinants and consequences of voluntary smart contract audits in decentralized finance (DeFi). Two types of auditors operate in the DeFi market: centralized auditors, who are hired on a fixed-fee basis, and decentralized auditors, often referred to as bounty hunters, who are compensated based on the vulnerabilities they identify. Our analysis draws on a dataset of thousands of centralized audit reports and hundreds of bounty programs linked to over 4000 DeFi protocols launched between 2020 and 2025. We find that pre-launch audit adoption is systematically related to protocol-level design choices, risk exposure, and code characteristics. However, having an audit at protocol launch is not significantly associated with post-launch breach probability or hack-related losses. Although decentralized audits generally are complementary to centralized ones, the two types tend to become substitutes following systemic security breaches, such as the PolyNetwork hack. In particular, there is a significantly increased demand for decentralized audits, but the tendency is reduced for protocols that previously hired a large auditor. Following protocol-level security breaches, compromised protocols often replace small auditors with large ones and hire decentralized auditors. In addition, auditors of hacked protocols incur short-term market losses that may be mitigated by effective crisis management. Overall, our findings suggest that large centralized and decentralized auditors contribute to trust and resilience in decentralized finance.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Trade Openness and Agriculture on Tax Revenue Performance in Kenya","authors":"Jordan Moses, Nelson Obange, Evans Kiganda","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2122","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Taxes play a critical role for most governments around the world in funding investments in capital, infrastructure and the delivery of essential services. The study therefore sought to examine the effect of trade openness and agriculture on tax revenue performance in Kenya.
 Methodology: The study adopted correlational research design, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) mechanism and Granger causality test to establish the relationship between the study variables. The choice of the VECM was influenced by its ability to estimate both short run and long run relationships. The theoretical framework of the study followed Heller’s neoclassical maximization utility approach. Annual time series data for the study were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators for the period 1980-2020.
 Results: The study findings established that in the long-run agriculture share (-0.64, t-statistics = 14.57) and trade openness (-0.08, t-statistics = 3.88) have negative and significant effect on tax revenue performance in Kenya. The Pairwise Granger Causality test results indicated unidirectional causality running from tax revenue performance to trade openness. This suggests that tax rates have effect on trade openness in Kenya.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study adds to literature by proving the Arthur’s Laffer curve theory which advocates for lowering tax rates in order to boost productivity and encourage expansion of corporation. The findings of the study may provide the National Treasury with foundation for policy formulation and analytical framework for estimating the associated tax revenue with variables under consideration in this study. The study may be of importance to KRA in determining appropriate tax rates that are favorable in boosting revenue mobilization.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency Analysis of the Food and Beverage Industry in Tanzania: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Veneranda Lufano, Gabriel Kirori, Rose Mugiira","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2119","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the performance of food and beverage industries in Tanzania in terms of productive and technical efficiency. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the productive efficiency performance of food and beverage industries in Tanzania, to determine the level and trend of efficiency of food and beverage of food and beverage industry in Tanzania, and to assess the levels of productive efficiency performance in the food and beverage subsectors in Tanzania
 Methodology: The study used secondary data to achieve its objectives. The study employed a Panel data analysis technique using 40 companies in the manufacturing sector over a period of three years, 2018-2020. A stochastic frontier production model was applied using a linearized Translog production function to determine the performance elasticity coefficients of inputs and technical efficiency. The study used production theory advanced by Koutsoyiannis (1979) to explain the relatonship between input and output factors.
 Findings: One of the key findings was that the level and trend of efficiency in food and beverage industry demonstrated an upward trend for the period between 2018 and 2020 as evidenced by the changes in average in both food and beverage sub-sector which grew from 0.776 in 2018 to 0.7557 in 2019 and finally to 0.7746 in 2020. Another finding of the study was that, the individual productive efficiency distribution between food and beverage sub-sector revealed that beverage sub-sector performs much better than food sub-sectors, with an average technical efficiency of 77.85% and 81.36% for both food and beverage sub-sectors, respectively.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study’s unique contributions to theory include its assessment of efficiency levels, analysis of efficiency trends, and exploration of sector-specific variations. Its practical contributions encompass policy recommendations, guidance on modernization and technology adoption, and the importance of skills development and export promotion. These insights have direct implications for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and practitioners in Tanzania's food and beverage sector, aiding in the formulation of effective strategies to enhance efficiency and competitiveness.
 The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders comes up with policy reforms to address the underlying factors contributing to the underutilization of each firm’s production capacity. This includes reforming the input market in the manufacturing sector in order to increase the level of efficiency to 100%. There should be establishment of an efficient marketing mechanism that reduces the involvement of many parties in the supply chain and hence high transaction costs.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Per Capita Income on Youth Unemployment in Kenya","authors":"Jerry Okuom, Nelson Obange, Scholastica Odhiambo","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2118","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The objective was to determine the effect of per capita income on youth unemployment in Kenya.
 Methodology: The study was anchored on Okun’s law, which predicts a 1% drop in employment from a 2% drop in GDP. The study used the World Bank Database’s quantitative time series data from 1991–2021. The choice of the ARDL was based on the ability of the model to give long-run and short-run analyses of stationary and non-stationary variables. Pre-estimation procedures and diagnostics tests were used to determine the stability of the model.
 Findings: Findings revealed a significant negative relationship between per capita income (-0.3666, p = 0.013) and youth unemployment in the long-run. The speed of adjustment (-0.89999, p = 0.0001) from the short-run to the long-run is evident.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study may help academicians develop their knowledge of youth unemployment. It may increase understanding of per capita income as an indicator of growth and its application in Okun’s law. The Salaries and Remuneration Commission (SRC) may benefit from this study by creating better packages of salaries, allowances, and mortgages that may attract and improve the standard of living of Kenyan youth. The Public Service Board (PSB) may establish youth-friendly offices to motivate youth to stay in the labour force. Moreover, this study may guide the State Department for Youth Affairs to promote youth employment and increase labour productivity in Kenya. The State Department of Gender may use the study in gender mainstreaming and gender policy management. Policymakers will assess the effectiveness of the curriculum in preparing youth for the job market. An increase in labour productivity will result from increasing youth employment.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Customer Relationship Management: A Qualitative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ijma.023.0074090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ijma.023.0074090","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the commercialization of the Internet in the '90s, technology has been evolving faster than ever with the advent of cloud computing, social media, ubiquitous mobile devices, the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and more. A staggering number of three billion internet users, five billion mobile users, and six billion devices are now connected through this massive global network of networks, facilitating customer information exchange and interaction never before seen in history. Driven by recent technological advances in computing power, big data, high-speed internet connection, and easier access to models built with advanced algorithms, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the next wave of innovation, which has already come into widespread awareness in the consumer world with the emergence of virtual assistants and chatbots (e.g., Amazon's Alexa, Apple's Siri, Google's Assistant), image recognition (e.g., Facebook Photos, Google ImageNet), personalized recommendations (e.g., Netflix, Amazon) and autonomous driving (e.g., Tesla, Google Waymo). This qualitative research study intends to learn about the impact of AI on customer relationship management (CRM), specifically in the area of customer service of problem resolution. Most prior research focuses on the AI technologies leveraged in CRM systems, such as machine learning, natural language processing, voice recognition, chatbots, data analytics, and cloud infrastructure. Few extant studies have used a qualitative research methodology to gather data from industry experts to truly understand the impact of AI technologies on customer relationship management, especially in the area of customer service and problem resolution. This study aims to fill this research gap. This research contributes to the literature on AI in the context of CRM and is of value to both academics and practitioners as it provides a detailed analysis and documentation of the impact of AI on the customer service domain.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135303865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Z-score to analyze the Financial Stability of Conventional Commercial Banks in Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ijma.023.0066073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ijma.023.0066073","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to measure and identify the determinants of financial stability of conventional commercial banks of Bangladesh listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. In the first step, the researcher calculates an accounting-based Z-score to measure the financial stability of the 23 sample banks over the period 2013-2022. In the second phase of the study, panel data regression analysis is conducted to identify the bank-specific determinants of financial stability. The exogenous variables include return on asset, income diversity, bank size, non-performing loan liquidity, capital adequacy, and management efficiency. The endogenous variable is the financial stability measured by z-score. The study provides empirical evidence of the bank-specific factors affecting the solvency of conventional commercial banks in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78449173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of domestic investment in Tanzania: an empirical analysis over the 1980 – 2020 period","authors":"Bilame Odass","doi":"10.38203/jiem.023.2.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38203/jiem.023.2.0065","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic investment is a key component of the economic growth of any country. In recent years, the growth of domestic investment has not been optimistic. This study aims at analyzing the factors affecting domestic investment in Tanzania. Time-series data of the 1980- 2020 period is used to empirically analyse the performance of the domestic investment. The study applies the Error Correction Model (ECM) to estimate the parameters. Factors affecting domestic investment in Tanzania are critically analysed. The factors influencing domestic investment includes money supply, interest rate, savings rate, and government expenditure. The regression results of this study show that government expenditure is insignificant in influencing domestic investment while money supply, interest rate, and savings rate are statistically significant. To this end, measures that influence domestic investment are indeed called for, implying a need for policies that can control interest rates, savings rates, and money supply . This paper recommends putting in place a conducive environment that could accelerate financial intermediation and domestic savings mobilization in order to improve domestic investment. Furthermore, the study suggests the encouragement of investment incentives and the establishment of vibrant investment promotion agencies.","PeriodicalId":42721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics Management and Accounting","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90666735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}