Geometry & Graphics最新文献

{"title":"Modeling of Octahedral Clusters from Structural Units","authors":"P. Kononov, I. Kononova","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-2-18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-2-18-26","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in cluster physics increased at the edge of the second half of the 20th century, while the word «cluster» itself appeared (Eng. cluster «cluster, brush, swarm». Recently, the concept of «cluster» has become relevant due to the trend in the development of nanomaterials. Such nanomaterials obtained using unconventional growth mechanisms are extremely interesting in the field of electronics, photonics and are of great interest for catalysis. The structure and properties of nanoobjects, as well as the technologies of their application and modification are determined by the composition, structure, complex of physical (including quantum mechanical) properties, chemical properties and patterns. In the article, using computer graphics, visualization is considered and visual geometric images of nanoclusters are presented, which allow students to avoid a primitive geometric representation of nanoobjects and serve as motivation to study other natural science subjects. The knowledge and skills laid down by students in the course of engineering and computer graphics are applied to the study of the laws of the processes in the nanowire by the example of the principles of constructing geometric models of nanoclusters along an octahedral line using 3D modeling. The features of the morphology of nanoobjects that determine the relevance of the modernization of students' training in the application of interrelated skills of such disciplines as «Nanomaterial Science», «Nanotechnology», «Engineering and computer graphics» are considered. The content of the article is intended for specialists working in the fields of nanotechnology and can be useful for graduate students and students studying in the fields of «Electronics and microelectronics» and «Nanotechnology», as well as for students of technological specialties of mining and geological and architectural and construction profile.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125247957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ornament as the Basis for the Formation of Algorithmic Skills of Future Bachelors of Fine and Applied Arts","authors":"A. Muharkina, T. Chernyakova","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-2-27-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-2-27-38","url":null,"abstract":"Ornamental compositions open up significant opportunities for the formation of algorithmic skills among bachelors of fine and applied arts. Geometric ornament is a good training material for the construction and analysis of digital art models with a flexible level of complexity. Descriptive geometry is considered as an applied tool for analyzing and creating an ornamental composition. The analysis of the ornament allows you to read architectural and artistic forms more professionally. The integration of descriptive geometry and computer graphics disciplines takes the content to a qualitatively new level. Geometric constructions in ornamental compositions are functionally convenient for creating digital models when studying vector graphic editors. The article reveals the problem of the formation of algorithmic skills among future bachelors of art as an important component of algorithmic culture and computational thinking. The descriptive geometry language and digital tools of vector computer graphics were chosen as the language of the algorithm description in solving ornamental compositions. The article presents a generalized algorithm for constructing a digital model of ornamental compositions, consisting of analytical, search, constructive, reproductive, reflexive, evaluative stages, including action and auxiliary questions for finding a solution to a graphical problem. An example of a particular algorithm for constructing the rose of Amiens Cathedral, performed by a student in the framework of studying the discipline \"Modern Information Technologies\", is given. The search for solutions at each stage is carried out with the help of auxiliary questions of the generalized algorithm. Special attention is paid to such stages of the algorithm as reflection of the finished digital model to investigate the possibility of using it in a given material.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127977174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological systems for the preparation and holding of Olympiads and the development of students' intellectual abilities RTU MIREA","authors":"Vladimir Vyshnyepolskiy, N. Kadykova, A. Efremov, K. Egiazaryan","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-44-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-44-60","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers a methodological system for the development of students' intellectual abilities in the process of preparing for Olympiads in descriptive geometry. In accordance with this system, a detailed calendar plan for conducting training sessions for the regional Olympiad in descriptive geometry is presented. \u0000The paper is also about the methodological system for preparing and holding a university, city and regional student Olympiads in graphic disciplines. The requirements for the choice of tasks for university Olympiads in descriptive geometry, instructions for holding university Olympiads are given. \u0000The paper provides information, including historical information, about the Moscow City Olympiad in descriptive geometry, engineering and computer graphics. To assess the level of organization of city and regional student Olympiads, in particular, the Moscow City Olympiads, a criterion and dependence for its determination are proposed. \u0000It was proposed the determination method of the composition of the university team for participation in the regional Olympiad in descriptive geometry is proposed based on four criteria: 1) the sum of points received for solving Olympiad tasks of previous years in the classroom; 2) the sum of points received for solving homework tasks; 3) the sum of points for two rounds of the University Olympiad; 4) integral indicator. \u0000The methodological system of preparation and holding of the All-Russian student Olympiads in graphic disciplines is considered. To assess the level of organization of the All-Russian Student Olympiad, a criterion is proposed, which is determined by the sum of four parameters: 1) the number of participating universities; 2) the number of participating students divided by ten; 3) the number of subjects of the Russian Federation (regions) represented at the Olympiad; 4) the number of federal districts of the Russian Federation represented at the Olympiad. \u0000The All-Russian Student Olympiads in graphic disciplines, which have been held by RTU MIREA since 1999 (until 2015, Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov), are briefly considered. It was noted that 83 universities from the Russian Federation and one foreign university took part in these Olympiads.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117066483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrangement of Practice-Oriented Learning at the Department of Engineering Graphics RTU MIREA","authors":"Vladimir Vyshnyepolskiy, A. Boykov, A. Efremov, N. Kadykova","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-35-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-35-43","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the organization of practice-oriented learning at the Department of Engineering Graphics of the RTU MIREA, the essence of which is the development of not only design documentation, but also the production of a prototype device for which design documentation has been made. Geoinformatics students create 3D models of terrain objects: buildings, terrain and vegetation based on photo and video data from drones. The course project serves as the basis for a deeper study of geometric and graphic disciplines in the form of competitive works, scientific reports and publications, or can serve as the basis for the final qualification work. \u0000As part of the course work, students of the Institute of Radio Electronics and Informatics perform a multi-level study of an electronic device - a sensor using \"smart home\" technology. Not only a significant amount of design documentation is developed with the help of circuitry and design CAD: diagrams, printed circuit boards with tracing, assembly drawings, specifications and other text documents, but also a working prototype of the sensor is made. \u0000As part of the course work, chemists-technologists design a workshop for large- and medium-tonnage chemical production and develop a complete set of design documentation for one of the main apparatuses of this workshop. Based on the created 3D models, students print a model of the apparatus on a 3D printer. \u0000As part of the \"Fundamentals of Design\" course, some students develop design documentation and make one of the two printed circuit boards of a dog robot based on it. Another part of the students creates 3D models of robot parts and prints them on a 3D printer. Both groups jointly assemble and program a robot dog.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128962483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-Russian Student Competition \"Innovative Developments\"","authors":"Vladimir Vyshnyepolskiy, A. Efremov, N. Kadykova","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-61-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-61-69","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Engineering Graphics of the RTU MIREA, has been holding the All-Russian Student Competition \"Innovative Developments\" as part of the All-Russian Student Olympiad in Descriptive Geometry, Engineering and Computer Graphics since 2008. This competition is a stage in the concept of a methodological system for the development of the student's intellectual abilities. \u0000The article describes the original system for evaluating works at the competition, the principle of forming the jury, the principles for selecting works for the competition. The goals of the competition were announced, namely: approbation and presentation of new ideas, including in the field of graphic disciplines; development of modern information technologies by students; development of cooperation between teams of university departments and production teams. The criteria for comparing past competitions with each other are described, the methodology for assessing the success of the competition, the success of competitions is analyzed by year. \u0000From 2008 to 2022 inclusive representatives of 24 universities presented 96 works for the competition. The article gives the titles, authors and scientific supervisors of the best projects - winners and prize-winners of competitions who scored 200 or more points, ranked by the points scored for the places taken by the students - participants in the competitions. The geography of participating universities is analyzed, universities are ranked by total achievements. There is a positive trend in the number of works submitted to the competition. \u0000It is noted that some works became the first step in serious scientific research, for example, “Spatial fractals” by L.A. Zhikharev, later became the topic of his dissertation, “Reflections from curvilinear mirrors in space and on a plane” by O.S. Suntsov are currently one of the registered areas of research at the department.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115201964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of geometric-graphic training of university students","authors":"A. Boykov, K. Egiazaryan, A. Efremov, N. Kadykova","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-4-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-4-22","url":null,"abstract":"It is noted that geometric and graphical disciplines traditionally cause difficulties in studying elementary students. It is pointed out that the requirements for the quality of education and ensuring academic performance are mutually inverse and are in conflict with the limited number of teaching hours, which has been steadily declining for many years. Data are given on the number of hours allocated for the study of geometric and graphic disciplines in Russian universities. The main reasons for the problems of geometric and graphic training of students are listed. The first reason is an attempt to give knowledge and skills from three different sections - mathematics (descriptive geometry), computer science (computer graphics) and engineering (engineering graphics) in conditions of shortage of classroom hours. Provides information about the content of classical textbooks of descriptive geometry, engineering graphics. The second reason is the complexity of the development of spatial thinking. It is noted that information technologies that facilitate the understanding of images do not solve the problem of the development of spatial thinking. Information is given on the heterogeneity of students in terms of the psychophysiological features of spatial thinking in general and in terms of various types of mathematical thinking. The third reason is the poor initial preparation of students. Features and reasons are indicated. The main ways of increasing the motivation of students to study geometric and graphic disciplines are given. The fourth reason is the unpreparedness of students for independent work. Reasons are given. The main ways of increasing the efficiency of students' independent work are given. The shortcomings of automatic control in the form of testing and automatic verification of solutions of graphic tasks are considered in detail. The fifth reason is the difference in the requirements for geometric and graphic training for different educational areas, specialties and profiles. The presence in the geometric-graphical cycle of disciplines of an invariant (common for different specialties and training profiles) core and subject settings is noted. The sixth reason is the high requirements for lecturers of geometric and graphic disciplines. The problem of training lecturing staff of higher education in the field of geometric and graphic education is noted. Conclusions are made about the need to create a methodological training system that takes into account and solves these problems.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116860390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Research at the Department of Engineering Graphics RTU MIREA","authors":"Vladimir Vyshnyepolskiy, A. Boykov, K. Egiazaryan, A. Efremov","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-70-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-70-85","url":null,"abstract":"Involving students in scientific activities is an important stage in the development of a future scientist. At the same time, the main difficulty is the need to interest the student. One of the factors that can generate such interest is to ensure the spirit of competition in the first attempts at scientific work. To do this, the Department of Engineering Graphics holds two sections in the Scientific and practical conference of students and graduate students of the \u0000RTU MIREA: : \"Smart Home\", for students of radio engineering specialties, where students are engaged in the design and implementation of prototypes of various radio engineering devices and sensors, and \"Descriptive Geometry\", for students of all areas of education, where they present their projects to the jury both in the field of research of academic geometric knowledge, as well as in the field of their practical application. The authors of the best projects presented in the sections are given the opportunity to speak at the All-Russian Student Competition \"Innovative Developments\", which is also organized by the Department of Engineering Graphics as part of the All-Russian Student Olympiad for Students in Descriptive Geometry, Engineering and Computer Graphics. For half a year between these events, students correct the project in accordance with the comments made by the jury, and if there are unrealized plans, they finalize them. The next stage in the development of students - participants of the above-mentioned conference and Competition - is the preparation of a scientific article based on their work in journals indexed in the RSCI. The student gains experience in preparing an articles, after which, as a rule, scientific work continues, and the student takes part in various scientific conferences with reports, where he gains experience in speaking to an audience and interacting with it, and also, under the guidance of a supervisor, prepares a scientific article or a number of articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, while gaining experience in communicating with reviewers and correcting their comments on the work. This experience gives the student the skill of independence in further scientific work","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121147564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological system for conducting classes at the Department of \"Engineering Graphics\" RTU MIREA","authors":"Vladimir Vyshnyepolskiy, A. Boykov, K. Egiazaryan, N. Kadykova","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2023-11-1-23-34","url":null,"abstract":"The general requirements for geometric and graphic training of students of technical universities are listed. The structure of the innovative methodological system of holding lessons is given. The tasks solved by the components of the system are listed. Each part is considered in detail. The method of holding lessons includes a scalable basic geometric and graphic course, a three-level student training system, an additional super-advanced level for students who study on individual trajectories and take part in olympiad, scientific, practical or competitive activities, electronic resources and multimedia teaching materials that allow to support the educational process for students experiencing difficulties in the usual mode, control measures to ensure the independence of the work of students. The possibility of scaling the basic geometric-graphic course, as well as the level differentiation of practical tasks, are illustrated by examples. The methodology for holding practical lessons includes dividing tasks into subtasks and elementary steps that are available for the vast majority of students to complete. It is noted that this technique is successfully transferred to the remote mode. The professional components of the methodological system are course projects, coursework and elective courses. Examples are given. Two interpretations of the term \"practice-oriented learning\" are given. It is noted that the proposed methodological system implements practice-oriented learning \"in the broadest sense\". The information resources that provide informational and methodological support for geometric and graphical preparation are listed. Their brief description is given. A general description of the advanced training program developed at the Department of Engineering Graphics of the RTU MIREA is given, which allows to partially solve the problem of the lack of qualified lecturers of geometric and graphic disciplines in higher education. Conclusions are drawn about the possibilities of the proposed methodological system: it allows to increase students' motivation to study the geometric-graphic course, to organize independent work of students, to provide the required performance indicators. It is also noted that the proposed methodological system allows to save an important pedagogical component - mentoring.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer Simulation of New Forms of Shell Structures","authors":"Stanislav Strashnov","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2022-10-4-26-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2022-10-4-26-34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A large number of new surfaces are presented, formed by congruent curves with variable curvature, but remaining in the same class, and superellipses. All surfaces are included in the class-es Rotation Surfaces, Velaroidal Translaation Surfaces, and Algebraic Surfaces with a Carcass of Three Main Flat Curves. All surfaces of the same class are defined by the same general explicit and para-metric equations, and thanks to the presence of many constants in the superellipse equation, it is possible to obtain a lot of known and new surfaces. Despite the fact that the method of construction of the considered surfaces is known, in the presented article it is il-lustrated and visualized on many examples. The surfaces were constructed using a numeric computing environment MATLAB. The surfaces of a general-view superellipse were built on the basis of a new computer program that allows them to be visualized in a multimedia mode by a set change in the exponents contained in the meridian-superellipse formula. All built rotation surfaces have a common name — superellipsoids of rotation. For the first time it is shown that algebraic surfaces with a given frame in three mutually perpendicular planes, applied in shipbuilding, can also find application in the architecture of public buildings. Superellipses are used as the rigid frame of surfaces. In the overview section of the article on the basis of the available publications it is shown that the geometry of the form affects the stress-deformable state of shells with the proposed medial surfaces. The materials of the article give an opportunity in the future to find the optimal shells outlined on the considered analytical surfaces of three different classes, which are considered in the article, taking into account the criteria of optimality applied in architecture, construction, engineering and shipbuilding.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123742883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About One Way of Forming Conics","authors":"N. Sal'kov","doi":"10.12737/2308-4898-2022-10-4-3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2022-10-4-3-12","url":null,"abstract":"In the articles of the Geometry and Graphics magazine devoted to the properties of the Dupin cyclide, the construction of a conic – ellipse, hyperbola and parabola – using the properties of the cyclide was considered. At the same time, the center of the transformation was located on a straight line connecting the centers of the two base circles, and its location on such a straight line was negotiated separately and was located as the center of homology. To construct a parabola, it was necessary to take a straight line instead of the second circle, and the center of the transformation – the center of homology – had to be located at the intersection point of a straight line passing through the center of the first circle perpendicular to the second circle-a straight line with the first circle. Two different parabolas were obtained as a result of the transformation. In this paper, it is proved that if we take the center of correspondence that does not belong to a circle, we get other second–order curves - ellipses and hyperbolas. The construction of an ellipse is geometrically proved. To do this, the center of correspondence must lie on a straight line connecting the centers of the circles, but outside the actual circle. Several examples are considered. If the center of correspondence is inside the circle, we will have a hyperbola. Thus, having initially given only one con-figuration from a straight line and a circle, it is possible to obtain all conics: ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas, passing into one another. The proposed scheme for constructing conics can be used for computer drawing of all conics, which is more convenient than with the available options sewn into today's graphical drawing systems.","PeriodicalId":426623,"journal":{"name":"Geometry & Graphics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132907524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}