{"title":"Random Pandemic Perambulations: A Brief History of Literary Walks in the Age of Corona","authors":"Peter Arnds","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0402","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the concept of randomness as the absence of goal-oriented movement in literary walks. The literature of walking displays the happenstance of adventure as one of the great antidotes to our inane, highly technologized, digitalized twenty-first-century lifestyle. In the end, however, such randomness may reveal itself as not so random after all, as the purpose of the journey, its inherent telos, discloses itself while travelling or in hindsight. This article provides brief glimpses into the history of literary walks to examine this tension between apparent randomness and the non-random. By drawing on a range of cultural theories and theorizations of travel and especially of walking, I look at literary foot travel in the nineteenth century, the Romantics and American Transcendentalists, some great adventure hikes in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and the urban and rural flâneur. In doing so the article does not lose sight of the question of how we can instrumentalize the literature of walking for life during the current pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48569585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Serendipitous Comparison? Jin Yong and J. R. R. Tolkien: Genre, Prosimetrum and Modern Medievalism East and West","authors":"Jonathan Y. H. Hui","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0407","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the legendary Hong Kong author Jin Yong has been referred to in Anglophone media as ‘China's Tolkien’, but the basis for that comparison has been disregarded by Sinologists for valid reasons. However, the very establishment of the comparison, even on questionable grounds, may be a stroke of serendipity. This essay probes the Tolkien-Jin Yong comparison from a literary perspective, arguing that the comparison is often made on the basis of fundamental misconceptions, but that it is nevertheless serendipitously apt for reasons that have remained unexplored. Identifying Jin Yong and Tolkien as influential modern literary medievalists, the essay shifts the Tolkien-Jin Yong comparison from the problematic terrain of genre to the firmer ground of medievalist antiquarianism, with important implications for questions of cultural identity, historical reconstruction and narrative form.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42247003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thinking Fungi, or Random Considerations","authors":"Kylie Crane","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0405","url":null,"abstract":"Thinking fungi as a way of considering randomness gives rise, in particular, to thinking about categorization, comparison, as well as creating (more-than-human) communities through strange and unexpected commonalities. These ideas inform comparative literature more broadly, along with the desire to identify and understand culturally codified motifs – that is, meanings as they gather around particular images and generate certain ideas of being in the world. By bringing fungi to the table, this contribution considers agency and ruin with contemporary narrativized deliberations on all kinds of fungi matter(s). Textually, it examines memoirs, (new) nature writing, as well as cultural studies work on fungi; theoretically, it draws on etymology and systems of classification more broadly, impulses from new materialism, as well as STS-informed deliberations on knowledge generation, classification, and circulation.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48340207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transnational Auto/Biography and European Identity: Klaus Mann's Portrait of André Gide","authors":"M. Rensen","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0416","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies transnational biography avant la lettre by looking closely at Klaus Mann's 1943 portrait of the French writer André Gide. Writing against the backdrop of the battle against Nazism and war, Mann presents Gide as an exemplary European, who combined a strong national identity with an open, cosmopolitan mindset. The article shows how he unpacks his subject's multiple identities, while presenting a coherent life narrative, structured around the polarities of individual/communal and national/European. It further examines how writing Gide's biography influenced Mann's self-presentation as a European artist in his autobiography The Turning Point, thus aiming to reach a better understanding of how transnationalism is lived and produced through life-writing practices. Finally, this article explores the pitfalls and challenges of transnational biography by looking closely at Mann's use of national categories and his tendency to associate transnationalism with idealizing notions of crossing and breaking down borders.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45481416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Randomness and Political Complexity in the Contemporary Arab Novel","authors":"Jihan Zakarriya","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0406","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines the concept of randomness in three novels by contemporary Arab novelists, employing chaos theory and complexity theory. The three novels are Lebanese Rabie Gaber's dystopian novel Beirutus: Underground City ( Beirutus: Madīna Taḥt al-Arḍ, 2005), Egyptian Ezzedine Choukri Fishere's realistic novel Exit ( Bāb al-Khurūj, 2012), and Algerian Yasmina Khadra's detective novel What are Monkeys Waiting for? ( Qu'attendent les singes, 2014). Although they belong to different genres, all three are speculative novels and present different forms of political-security complexity and chaos in the contemporary Arab world. They represent unpredictable, random events that both resonate with and anticipate forthcoming events and political changes in the Arab world. Exit, for instance, represents the unexpected downfall of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and the return of the military rule after the 2011 revolution, and Beirutus the unexpected rubbish and environmental crisis in 2016 in Lebanon, while What are Monkeys Waiting for? anticipates the contemporary political turmoil in Algeria. Randomness and unpredictability in the three novels are used as a means of political projection and prediction, and as narrative strategies of literary activism against repressive realities and authoritarianism. By representing the unpredictable, Gaber, Fishere and Khadra implicitly incite resistance by warning of appalling forthcoming realities.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41390824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No One in Control? China's Battler Poetry","authors":"Maghiel van Crevel","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0401","url":null,"abstract":"No literary genre is fully predictable or controllable – but some are more unpredictable and uncontrollable than others, and China's battler poetry is a case in point. In China, up to three hundred million people have left the countryside to flee from poverty and make their way into city life. Exposed to the extreme dynamic of global capitalism, these ‘battlers’ are the foot soldiers of China's economic rise but not invariably its beneficiaries. Many live and work under gruelling conditions and are deprived of basic civil rights, as second-class citizens in socio-economic and cultural terms. And… they write poetry. Not all of them by any means, but enough for a phenomenon called ‘battler poetry’ to enter the public eye. What is battler poetry, and what does it do? What happens when dominant logics of ideology, literary aesthetics and cultural expectations encounter the circumstances of battler life? The force field around this poetry is dizzyingly complex and rife with opportunities for disconnect and the unexpected, throwing into sharp relief the randomness that is part and parcel of cultural production.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48582120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Values of Imperfection","authors":"Mads Rosendahl Thomsen","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0404","url":null,"abstract":"Georges Perec's La Vie mode d'emploi ( Life: A User's Manual) was famously based on a number of meticulously crafted lists, including a list of errors that should be made in the writing of each chapter. The engagement with imperfection in Perec's novel is central in the way it balances structure and composition with random and exchangeable elements and throughout his work the random plays a significant role. In this article, I will move from Perec's work to a wider discussion of the values of imperfection in two distinct domains: the idea of the classic and the vision of the posthuman.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45329977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Cosmopolitan Wife: (Self-)erasure and (Self-)empowerment of Isabel Burton and her Neo-Victorian Representations","authors":"S. Mieszkowski","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0417","url":null,"abstract":"Isabel Burton, née Arundell, was a model cosmopolitan wife to her famous explorer husband Richard Francis Burton for thirty years. Yet, two pieces of twenty-first-century neo-Victorian Burton-biofiction – The Collector of Worlds by Iliya Troyanov and The Strange Affair of Spring-Heeled Jack by Mark Hodder – write her clean out of their core narratives. Having explored these conspicuous absences, my article turns to the historical Lady Burton's life writing, focussing on The Life of Captain Sir Richard F. Burton, in which she narrativizes the couple's transnational lives. Two of its stylistic devices are discussed in detail – paratexts and the peculiar use of first-person narration – in order to trace in them a double-gesture by which Isabel Burton combines self-erasure with self-empowerment. The detailed analysis of six paratexts, as theorized by Philippe Lejeune and Gérard Genette, supports the claim that Isabel, from the text's fringe, constructs for herself a role that combines elements of the scribe, editor/curator, narrator and author. Looping back to the neo-Victorian biofictional texts, I propose that, in Life, the historical Isabel Burton fuses self-erasure (which Troyanov picks up) with self-empowerment (which Hodder picks up), to forge a female writerly identity compatible with her self-fashioning as the wife/widow of a Victorian transnational cosmopolitan.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43649102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chance Encounters with Literature, Language and Meaning in John Williams' Stoner and Eva Hoffman's Lost in Translation: A Life in a New Language","authors":"Megha Agarwal","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0400","url":null,"abstract":"John Williams' Stoner and Eva Hoffman's Lost in Translation: Life in a New Language are discrete texts, but both are accounts of literary lives. These are lives that have been moulded around language and literature, as well as lives that have been moulded into literature. Stoner is a fictional account of an unlikely individual's unexpected encounter with the sphere of literary studies, around which he then shapes the remainder of his life. Lost in Translation is a memoir about the author's struggle with language as an immigrant, a struggle that contributes to her exceptional ability to analyse and devise literary narratives. These fortuitous encounters with literature become a means to structure their respective fictional and non-fictional lives. In addition, Stoner and Hoffman are outsiders to academia, but both discover that their outsider status makes them especially attuned to the close analysis of words and to several questions of identity and the self. A comparative reading of Stoner and Lost in Translation thus draws our attention towards several large questions that reside at the heart of literary studies: What do we seek to translate into another language, into a commentary, into works of literary criticism or theory? What do we strive to render visible in our writing and teaching that revolves around these literary works? By reading John Williams' novel alongside Eva Hoffman's narrative, I aspire to lend these fairly abstract questions a more concrete guise. By way of conclusion, I emphasize how due to the force of chance and circumstance, Stoner and Hoffman stumble into literary studies where they are confronted by questions that underscore the arbitrariness and unknowability of literature, language and life.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42886916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-Border Narratives and Life Writing: Émile Verhaeren by Stefan Zweig and its English Translation in Wartime","authors":"C. Dessy","doi":"10.3366/ccs.2021.0415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0415","url":null,"abstract":"In 1910, the young Austrian writer Stefan Zweig dedicated a biographical study to the internationally acclaimed Belgian poet Émile Verhaeren. As part of Zweig's international publishing strategy, the study was translated into French and published in Paris a few months before it came out in its original language, German. An English translation was intended for publication at the same time, but was delayed until November 1914, when the First World War was to separate Verhaeren and Zweig forever. Zweig's biography permitted him to define his own European and cosmopolitan ideals through Verhaeren's life narrative. This article shows that one and the same text of life writing can be appropriated through national(ist) and cosmopolitan lenses within the context of ideological and political agendas. Zweig's biography presents Verhaeren as a ‘New European’, but at the same time as ‘part and parcel of German culture’. The publication of the English translation by Jethro Bithell in 1914 provoked criticism in the British press that was directed against Zweig's nationally biased perception and his alleged closeness to the Belgian poet. The example illustrates how claims of cosmopolitan openness are not always incompatible with a national or patriotic agenda. It also qualifies Zweig's reputation as the epitome of Europeanism and pacifism by providing new insight into his ideas before 1914.","PeriodicalId":42644,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Critical Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48174621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}