HawwaPub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10025
Tsampika Paraskeva
{"title":"The Word “Woman” in Pre-Modern Arabic Lexicons","authors":"Tsampika Paraskeva","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In all languages, lexicons constitute a valuable source of information on femininities and women. This assertion is enhanced in the case of pre-modern Arabic lexicography, due to the diversity of its contents. However, the picture of women in lexicons has always received more attention in the field of lexicography in Western languages than in Arabic. This paper aims to fill a minor part of this noteworthy gap, by shedding light on all semantical, lexical, and orthographic elements which concern the word “woman” (imraʾa/al-marʾa) in pre-modern Arabic lexicons, more specifically, under the root m-r-ʾ.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42655116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10031
Asli Özcan
{"title":"The Perception of Women in Trabzon Sharīʿa Court Records","authors":"Asli Özcan","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Being a woman in Muslim or other religious societies does not include a process in which only religious rules are in effect. Instead, the experiences of women are determined by political, social, and economic conditions, and reflect the cultural precedents created by past societies, whether Muslim or not. Hence, the way women are described in a society they belong in emerges as a cultural reflection that bears each and every element in that particular society. Therefore, it is not possible to consider apart from this circumstance the descriptions of women in Ottoman Trabzon Sharīʿa court records. In this study, the definitions of women who lived in Ottoman Trabzon over their gender and, occasionally, their sexuality, reflected in the discourses of Sharīʿa courts are discussed, and the social and legal status of such women is examined. This investigation is placed within the framework of religious and cultural conditions which impacted such definitions and descriptions. This study has been based on evidence available in early seventeenth-century Ottoman Trabzon Sharīʿa court records.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42431316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10029
N. Tsafrir
{"title":"Are Women Liable for Blood-Money Payment? An Attempt to Modify a Ḥanafī Rule","authors":"N. Tsafrir","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Against the view that only men are liable for blood-money payment due for homicide, which goes back to pre-Islamic custom and was adopted by the Sharīʿa, by the fifth/eleventh century a new opinion appeared in Ḥanafī doctrine. According to this opinion, women who perpetrated a homicide were required to pay a share of the blood money due. Examining the context of this opinion in Ḥanafī literature, I suggest that it reflects the jurists’ tendency to put more weight on the Islamic principle of individual responsibility, regardless of gender. I propose that this opinion developed among Persian Ḥanafīs in eastern Iran, and follow the path through which it was incorporated into Ḥanafī standard law. Finally, I estimate the extent to which this opinion did influence Ḥanafī doctrine.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42657386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-06-17DOI: 10.1163/15692086-bja10022
Joy A. Land
{"title":"Creating Cultural Capital: The Education of Jewish Females at the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU) School for Girls in the City of Tunis, 1882–1914","authors":"Joy A. Land","doi":"10.1163/15692086-bja10022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-bja10022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Based on rarely viewed images from the fin de siècle, this article will contribute to the burgeoning field of Jewish women in the world of Islam. At the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU) School for Girls in the city of Tunis, 1882–1914, after a seven-year course of study, Jewish and non-Jewish girls acquired certification of their academic or vocational skills through a certificate or diploma of couture. Such credentials, according to Bourdieu (1986), constitute “cultural capital.” Furthermore, “cultural capital … is convertible … into economic capital and may be institutionalized in the forms of educational qualifications.” A young woman could create cultural capital and transform it into economic capital through employment. Reading the sources, the influence of the Tunisian Muslim woman on the Jewess becomes apparent. Moreover, cultural capital could afford the Jewish female wage earner increased economic independence and social mobility, as she journeyed on the road to modernity.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48209742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1163/15692086-BJA10021
Ana María Carballeira Debasa
{"title":"Islamic Heritage and Morisco Identity","authors":"Ana María Carballeira Debasa","doi":"10.1163/15692086-BJA10021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-BJA10021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Through an assessment of the data recorded in two books of habices (Span., libros de habices – inventories of goods from Islamic pious endowments) dated 1527 and 1530, this study examines the situation of Morisco women in the Alpujarra, a rural area of Granada, just three decades after the forced conversion of the Muslim population to Christianity. Various aspects of the economic and social position of these women are explored, paying particular attention to their participation in the legal framework related to property ownership and the transfer of their possessions in the form of bequests. Although the study focuses primarily on the Morisco period, its most immediate precedent, Islamic and Mudéjar Granada, is not forgotten.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-04-13DOI: 10.1163/15692086-BJA10019
Zanariah Noor, Nazirah Lee
{"title":"Dawud al-Fatani’s Thoughts on Marriage in Īḍāḥu l-Bāb li-Murīdi l-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb","authors":"Zanariah Noor, Nazirah Lee","doi":"10.1163/15692086-BJA10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-BJA10019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper examines Sheikh Dawud al-Fatani’s Īḍāḥu l-bāb li-murīdi l-nikāḥ bi-l-ṣawāb (“Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage”), which outlines his understanding and mastery of the jurisprudence of Islamic family law. Al-Fatani is a renowned nineteenth-century Malay Muslim scholar, and his work is widely referred to in Islamic education institutions in the region. A close scrutiny of Īḍāḥu l-bāb offers a profound understanding of nineteenth-century Malay Muslims’ view of the institution of marriage. The foci of this paper include the general concept of marriage in Islam; guidelines on spouse selection; the obligations of both husband and wife; and the law on inter-religious marriage. In summary, al-Fatani shows that marriage requires a meticulous consideration of all parties involved; after all, family is a paramount social unit that needs to be preserved to ensure stability in the development of a society.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49508544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15692086-BJA10020
J. T. Willis
{"title":"Beyond “Man” vs. Nature: Pearling and the Construction of Gender, Generation, and Heritage in Bahrain","authors":"J. T. Willis","doi":"10.1163/15692086-BJA10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-BJA10020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Heritage sites and studies of the pearling industry in Arab Gulf nations focus predominantly on men who labored as merchants, boat captains, and pearl divers. They represent merchants as having reaped the greatest returns and divers as having endured the greatest hardships over the history of the industry. Recently published memoirs and interviews feature elder men’s recollections of their experiences as divers during their youth; these men focus on the hardships that they endured and attribute their success – even their survival – to chance or divine intervention. British records from the 1930s not only document the tribulations that divers reported; they also, as this article argues, depict human agency – instead of nature, chance, or divine intervention – as the main source of misfortune for divers. These findings trouble “official” representations of pearl diving, particularly the treatment of the divers, at such heritage sites.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":"19 1","pages":"102-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41490341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15692086-BJA10014
Sarina Wakefield, Sabrina Deturk
{"title":"Introduction: Gender, Cultural Constructions and Representations in the Gulf","authors":"Sarina Wakefield, Sabrina Deturk","doi":"10.1163/15692086-BJA10014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-BJA10014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41446172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15692086-BJA10018
Ayisha Khansaheb
{"title":"Exploring the Nation: Gender, Identity and Cuisine in the UAE","authors":"Ayisha Khansaheb","doi":"10.1163/15692086-BJA10018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-BJA10018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article examines various heritage displays and festivals that have occurred in the United Arab Emirates and analyzes, in particular, the representation of women and cuisine. Over a two-year period (August 2015 to August 2017), I interviewed senior Emirati women and collected their oral histories, focusing mainly on cooking practices in the past and how those practices evolved with time. The article compares those oral histories with the representations shown in heritage festivals and spaces and concludes that the women I interviewed are inadequately represented and that the presentation of women, along with the culinary traditions in the region, has been marginalized or oversimplified.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":"19 1","pages":"76-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HawwaPub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1163/15692086-BJA10015
Ahmed Almaazmi
{"title":"The Apocalyptic Hijab: Emirati Mediations of Pious Fashion and Conflict Talk","authors":"Ahmed Almaazmi","doi":"10.1163/15692086-BJA10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-BJA10015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article examines Emirati public discourse on, and imagination of, gendered pious fashion and conflict talk as animated in the sitcom Shaabiat Al-Cartoon (SAC) and other connected cultural expressions. Through a multimodal analysis, it contributes to discussions of the politics of piety by analyzing the strategic illustration of the UAE’s female fashion sense and use of the linguistic features that move verbal dueling to verbal attack. In this prefabricated orality, the article outlines linguistic forms in mediating gendered conflict talk and animating pious fashion. The paper further argues that a multimodal social semiotic performance that is based on language and apparel can produce powerful effects on the co-production of gendered identities. Additionally, it demonstrates through this analysis how the producers of an episode of SAC, through the use of semiotic cues, attempt to reflect and shape Emirati sociocultural values and idioms on pious gendered clothing and perceptions of religiosity and modernity.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":"19 1","pages":"5-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41422767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}