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The Ideal Beloved in the Poems of Kurdish Poets of Īlam Īlam 库尔德诗人诗歌中的理想爱人
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341417
Ayoob Omidi, Kulthum Miriasl
{"title":"The Ideal Beloved in the Poems of Kurdish Poets of Īlam","authors":"Ayoob Omidi, Kulthum Miriasl","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most important themes in lyrical literature is love with the beloved at the core of this topic. The physical beauty of the beloved has a great effect on the lover, leading to describing the beloved’s body as a common tradition in Romantic poetry. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the beloved with a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on contemporary Kurdish poetry of Īlam. The results of my study show that the characteristics of the beloved can be categorized into seven items. The descriptions of the beloved in the poems by the poets of Īlam are both beautiful and diverse, totaling about seventy. The portrayal of the beloved is completely realistic; the poets describe her eyes, hair, lips and breasts, respectively. Particularly notable is the emphasis on the beloved’s big intoxicating eyes which captivate the minds of the Kurdish poets. It is interesting to note that in contrast to Persian poetry which favors dark eyes, Kurdish poetry praises blue eyes more. Other differences are the simple language used in Kurdish poetry with less attention to complex imagery as well as the pleasant and intimate relationship with the beloved in Kurdish poetry compared to Persian poetry which employs a much more complicated language and imagery. In many cases, the lover complains about being neglected by the beloved. Poets in Kurdish poems opt for simple imagery, drawing on elements from their surroundings such as flowers, vegetables, constellations and animals. This choice reflects their lifestyle which includes activities like agriculture, animal husbandry and hunting. Overall, the portrayal of the beloved in these poems reflects a deep appreciation for beauty and nature as well as a connection to traditional Kurdish culture and lifestyle.</p>","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consumption as a Demarcation of Social and Economic Status: The Case of Beyhan Sultan 消费是社会和经济地位的标志:贝汉苏丹案例
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341415
Michael Nizri
{"title":"Consumption as a Demarcation of Social and Economic Status: The Case of Beyhan Sultan","authors":"Michael Nizri","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341415","url":null,"abstract":"Beyhan Sultan (1765–1824) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"url\" xlink:href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_III\">Mustafa <jats:sc>III</jats:sc></jats:ext-link> (r. 1757–1774) and his consort Adilşah Kadın. She was part of a group of high-born Ottoman women who led entirely separate lives with their own households during the last quarter of the eighteenth and the first quarter of the nineteenth century. However, very few studies have examined the lives and experiences of Ottoman princesses. In this article, I discuss issues such as consumption patterns, the freedom and privileges enjoyed by the princess and the composition and social networks of her household. I argue that Ottoman princesses, such as Beyhan Sultan, were able to extend their agency and visibility through the management of their households and consumption.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Colonialism and Islamic Reform: Bodies, Minds and Freedom 殖民主义与伊斯兰改革:身体、思想与自由
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341414
Elizabeth H. Shlala
{"title":"Colonialism and Islamic Reform: Bodies, Minds and Freedom","authors":"Elizabeth H. Shlala","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay engages a broad geographic, demographic, and chronological scope on the topic of colonialism and Islamic reform to avoid the reinforcement of colonial era inventions and gender(ed) myths across education, the law, enslavement, hierarchies of gender, and Islamic reform. This essay argues that understanding women and gender in various colonial contexts is an important avenue for recovering the restorative work that women have done to reject colonial ideologies throughout history. Reflecting upon scholarship situated at the intersection of modern Islamic thought and feminism, new possibilities emerge to reframe the meaning of justice and freedom in this historiography and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Consensual Divorce (ṭalāq) in Palestine 巴勒斯坦的协议离婚(ṭalāq)
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341412
Turid Smith Polfus
{"title":"The Consensual Divorce (ṭalāq) in Palestine","authors":"Turid Smith Polfus","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most divorces in Palestine come about through a private unregulated agreement between the spouses referred to as “<em>ṭalāq bit-taradi</em>” (consensual <em>ṭalāq</em>), often called <em>mukhalaʿa</em> or <em>mubāraʾa</em>. Over the last century, women’s economic rights in the unilateral <em>ṭalāq</em> have increased. At the same time, the number of consensual <em>ṭalāq</em> has risen. While the consensual <em>ṭalāq</em> provides a way out of an unwanted marriage for women, it hardly represents a form of ‘gender equality’. Rather, it is a field where kin-patriarchy is asserting itself through women’s dependence on agnates to reach an agreement and to bear the cost of such divorces. Furthermore, the consensual <em>ṭalāq</em> invites abuse and economic extortion from husbands. As the Islamic <em>shariʿa</em> court condemns such behaviour, our study nevertheless finds that the court facilitates the consensual <em>ṭalāq</em> by setting the bar for litigated divorce too high and by letting time pass.</p>","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vulnerability of Female Headed Households: Challenges to Accessing Aid in Crisis Settings 女户主家庭的脆弱性:危机环境下获取援助的挑战
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341410
Heba Al Fara
{"title":"Vulnerability of Female Headed Households: Challenges to Accessing Aid in Crisis Settings","authors":"Heba Al Fara","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341410","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that the vulnerability of female headed households is hugely exacerbated during crises such as wars and conflict. However, little research has uncovered the unique challenges that single women face in accessing humanitarian aid, for themselves and for their dependents, before, during and immediately following a crisis. This article critically examines the challenges that female headed households face in accessing humanitarian aid in crisis settings to provide a clearer and deeper understanding as well as exploration of the risks. This research found that although social and cultural health but also logistical as well as economic challenges limit female headed households’ access to humanitarian aid, female heads of households use their agency to actively respond to these challenges to provide for their dependents during a crisis. Thus, female headed households must be recognized as active agents prior to, during and immediate post conflict situations and must be supported socially, politically and economically, using effective, sustainable and equitable techniques.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women and Law in Seventeenth-Century Mughal India 十七世纪莫卧儿印度的妇女与法律
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341411
Basharat Hassan
{"title":"Women and Law in Seventeenth-Century Mughal India","authors":"Basharat Hassan","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341411","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a collection of notary documents referred to as the ‘Cambay Documents’. The ‘Cambay Documents’ is a collection of around fifty documents, registered between the second half of the seventeenth to the first half of the eighteenth century. These documents were acquired by the National Archives of India from a private collection and are now in the Oriental Section of the National Archives of India, New Delhi. We explored these documents to situate the legal position of women in Mughal India. These documents are of immense importance as they are related to the practice of law rather than theory. There is a dearth of such documents in modern repositories and archives, due to the absence of any centralized archives in Mughal India.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making of the Hindu Nation, Masculinity and the Citizen – Critical Reading of Children’s Magazines in South Asia and the Place of Muslims 印度民族的形成、男性气质与公民--批判性解读南亚儿童杂志和穆斯林的地位
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341413
M. Noorunnida
{"title":"Making of the Hindu Nation, Masculinity and the Citizen – Critical Reading of Children’s Magazines in South Asia and the Place of Muslims","authors":"M. Noorunnida","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341413","url":null,"abstract":"This study critically analyses popular and children’s science magazines published in Kerala, a southern state of India. It examines how these magazines construct an ideal Hindu nation and citizen through different narratives. Here, I argue that the imagery of popular children’s magazines in Kerala is rooted in the Hindu ideal – wherein dominant masculine characters and a glorified Hindu cultural past are foregrounded. In these magazines, the idealisation of Hindu masculinity takes place through presenting Muslims as less progressive / incapable of acquiring “modern standards”. In this context, the Hindu emerges as a reformer who helps the Muslim to “acquire modernity”. Also, children’s science magazines view science as a means for liberation from religion and irrational beliefs through critiquing “irrational” stories in popular Malayalam children’s magazines. But a close examination of science magazines reveals that it is embedded in the very religious ideologies from which it is seeking liberation.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zeyneb Hanım’s Vakıf: Property Substitution (istibdāl) in Ottoman Istanbul seen through an Eighteenth Century Imperial Edict from the Dominican Archives Zeyneb Hanım 的 Vakıf:从多米尼加档案馆的一份十八世纪帝国敕令看奥斯曼伊斯坦布尔的财产替代(istibdāl)
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341409
Vanessa R. de Obaldía
{"title":"Zeyneb Hanım’s Vakıf: Property Substitution (istibdāl) in Ottoman Istanbul seen through an Eighteenth Century Imperial Edict from the Dominican Archives","authors":"Vanessa R. de Obaldía","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341409","url":null,"abstract":"In Ottoman Istanbul, a Muslim woman called Zeyneb Hanım who owned endowed and freehold properties undertook to transfer them in a process known as substitution (<jats:italic>istibdāl</jats:italic>). This study reveals details about the actor, her motivations, and her properties with their locations, dimensions, boundaries, and income, in addition to the legal processes and conditions of the property substitution through a single Ottoman archival source. A previously unpublished imperial edict (fermān) issued on evāsiṭ-i şaʿbān 1189/ 6–15 October 1775 and unusually preserved within Galata’s Dominican archives is the basis of this study.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Layers of Veils Obscuring the Image of Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn 遮住塔希里古兰经艾因形象的层层面纱
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341405
Mina Yazdani
{"title":"Layers of Veils Obscuring the Image of Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn","authors":"Mina Yazdani","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper deconstructs the ways the image of Fāṭima Zarrīn-Tāj Baraghānī, known as Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn (d. 1852), has been distorted in academic works and in anti-Bahā’ī polemics. The misrepresentations of Tahirih in these works range from disconnecting her from the source of her inspiration, to accusations of immorality, to denying her knowledge, to denying her poetry, to depicting her as a militant figure. It is suggested that misogyny, religious prejudice, selective as well as uncritical use of primary sources, and agenda driven scholarship explain the misrepresentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139030304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn and the Women’s Avant-garde in Europe Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn 和欧洲的女性先锋派
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341406
Sasha Dehghani
{"title":"Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn and the Women’s Avant-garde in Europe","authors":"Sasha Dehghani","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn has come to be seen as the first Iranian woman to openly advocate for the rights of women and the first feminist of her country. But it was among the women’s avant-garde in Europe that she first gained the stature of a feminist heroine. Discussing five cases in five nations, this article will show how Tahirih became, across cultural borders, a source of inspiration to Europe’s women avant-garde, especially throughout the second half of the long 19th century, and will suggest some reasons for the decline of public interest in the figure of Tahirih, especially in the period after the second world war.</p>","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139030310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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