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From Invisible to Actualized: Imagery and Identity in Photos of Women in the Gulf 从隐形到现实:海湾地区妇女照片中的意象和身份
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2021-02-22 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-BJA10017
M. Kelly, S. Al-Ajmi
{"title":"From Invisible to Actualized: Imagery and Identity in Photos of Women in the Gulf","authors":"M. Kelly, S. Al-Ajmi","doi":"10.1163/15692086-BJA10017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-BJA10017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000After reviewing how Middle Eastern women have been photographed historically, the paper explores how contemporary Gulf women represent themselves, both behind and in front of the camera. Initially, women were invisible, then eroticized or exoticized in Orientalist photography, only to appear in early twentieth-century family portraits as both the repository of cultural values and as the new, modern woman. The reaction of contemporary Gulf female photographers to perceptions of themselves as jobless, nameless, faceless, and voiceless is presented in examples of art photography-cum-political commentary. The media coverage of Qatar’s Shaykha Mūza is analyzed in terms of her use of clothing as nonverbal communication and as a form of soft-power politics. It is followed by a discussion of the rules – formal and informal – for publishing photos of females. The paper concludes with a survey of Gulf females’ use of selfies. Thus, three aspects of photography – as art, as photojournalism, and as private communication – demonstrate how Gulf women visually represent their identities.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48225443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction 介绍
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341383
Rajnaara C. Akhtar, M. Al-Sharmani, A. Moors
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"Rajnaara C. Akhtar, M. Al-Sharmani, A. Moors","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341383","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Muslim marriages are far from homogeneous, and the inherent variability of norms and practices is often missing in the framing of such marriages in Western societies. Marriage and family laws in Muslim-majority contexts are sights of contention, debate, and development. These debates often centre around family as a site of state governance driven by overlapping national and international agendas; gender equality and calls for marriage law reform; and tensions between Islamic jurisprudence, state laws, and lived realities. This introductory article sets the scene for this special issue focussing on the plurality of norms and practices in Muslim marriages within Muslim-majority jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43756525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fātiḥa Marriage in Morocco Fātiḥa摩洛哥的婚姻
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341384
Miyase Yavuz-Altıntaş
{"title":"Fātiḥa Marriage in Morocco","authors":"Miyase Yavuz-Altıntaş","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341384","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper investigates the debates over, and the promulgation of, the new Moroccan laws on unregistered customary marriages and on establishing the paternity of offspring resulting from such marriages, and it analyzes how those laws have been implemented by the judiciary. The paper closely examines the relevant deliberations of the Moroccan Royal Advisory Commission, and analyzes 24 court cases involving the laws. I argue that, while monogamous registered marriage is depicted in the national legal system as the basis for establishing a modern Moroccan society, legislators regard fātiḥa marriage as a social reality that has its roots in customs and religious practices. The paper shows that judges abide by the conditions specified in law but differ in their interpretation of “force majeure” when it comes to a couple’s having not registered their marriage. The study also reveals how the laws create legal loopholes in terms of underage marriage and polygyny, which are strictly restricted in the code.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41342605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foreign to Palestinian Society? ʿUrfī Marriage, Moral Dangers, and the Colonial Present 对巴勒斯坦社会来说陌生吗?《婚姻、道德危险与殖民时代
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341390
Penny Johnson, A. Moors
{"title":"Foreign to Palestinian Society? ʿUrfī Marriage, Moral Dangers, and the Colonial Present","authors":"Penny Johnson, A. Moors","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341390","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 2005, religious authorities in Palestine warned publicly of a new phenomenon, one that was ‘foreign to Palestinian society’: ʿurfī marriages. They used this term to refer to ‘secret marriages,’ which they considered as linked to social breakdown, the result of the Israeli occupation. In the tales (similar to rumors) of young men and women throughout the West Bank and Gaza in the early 2010s, these marriages were often related to the colonial geographies of anxiety, of social and political fragmentation, and of the spatial segregation that Israel has imposed on Palestinians. Related concerns were expressed by the men of religion as they attempted to maintain their authority in highly uncertain times and in contested spaces. Still, in the very small number of concrete cases shariʿa judges continued to use the flexibility of Islamic jurisprudence to legally recognize ʿurfī marriages to work towards the most equitable solution in problematic situations.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Evidently Married: Changing Ambiguities in Creating Family Ties in Morocco 明显结婚:改变在摩洛哥建立家庭关系的模糊性
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341385
Annerienke Fioole
{"title":"Evidently Married: Changing Ambiguities in Creating Family Ties in Morocco","authors":"Annerienke Fioole","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341385","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000What does it take for a couple to stand out as married to others? In Morocco, an ideal scenario to marry today involves families celebrating three stages: an engagement, a legal contract, and a wedding. Yet, as I will show, couples may also turn out to be married without such ceremonies. Other elements can make for evident marriages. Still, legal recognition has, over the past decades, become increasingly essential within people’s own creations of conjugal bonds. Moreover, family and penal code revisions, together with the civil registry’s expansion, have profoundly changed proceedings and possibilities to legally marry. These processes defy simple binaries of legal versus licit domains. Legal and licit understandings of marriage interlace both in people’s own evaluations and in state officials’ approaches. However, as I will argue, increased emphasis on legal registration also heightens state control over family ties and reduces people’s opportunities to leave marital definitions open-ended as this suits them over time.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44877137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Battling Marriage Laws: Early Marriage and Online Youth Piety in Indonesia 与婚姻法抗争:印尼的早婚与网络青年虔诚
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341387
Eva F. Nisa
{"title":"Battling Marriage Laws: Early Marriage and Online Youth Piety in Indonesia","authors":"Eva F. Nisa","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341387","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Indonesia has long faced issues relating to child marriages. This article will focus on the approaches taken by diverse parties to the issue of early marriage, including the government, civil society organisations, and young Indonesians themselves. Indonesia has witnessed the growth of online campaigns spearheaded by conservative Muslim youth promoting early marriage to prevent zina (adultery and fornication). Previously, the practice of early and child marriage was closely interconnected to rural areas, poverty, patriarchal norms, family honour, and low-level access to education. Today, early marriage does not exclusively relate to low socio-economic populations in rural areas; instead, emerging trends demonstrate that middle-class youth in urban areas professing to return to the true path of their religion are also turning to early marriage. These tech-savvy generations are aligning honour with piety in order to justify the decision to marry young, impacting on the ongoing battle against early marriage in the country.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41445809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Temporary Marriages, Mahramiyat, and the Rights of the Child in Shiʿi Adoption 临时婚姻、马赫米亚和什叶派收养中儿童的权利
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341388
Ladan Rahbari
{"title":"Temporary Marriages, Mahramiyat, and the Rights of the Child in Shiʿi Adoption","authors":"Ladan Rahbari","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341388","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Iran accepts temporary marriage to facilitate and sanctify sexual relationships. The concession of temporary marriage has, however, been the subject of controversy in the past four decades. One significant refutation of temporary marriage is related to its attempted usage in the case of child-adoption, sanctioned by both the state and some Shiʿi mujtahids. The explicated rationale is that an adopted child does not benefit from mahramiyat and is, therefore, non-mahram to members of the adoptive family after reaching puberty. To establish mahramiyat, Shiʿi jurisprudence allows for temporary marriage between the adoptee and a member of the adoptive family. By performing a temporary marriage, new familial ties are established, and mahramiyat limitations are lifted. This proposed solution, however, can lead to other significant legal and social complications. This paper investigates Shiʿi jurisprudence allowing temporary marriage in child-adoption scenarios in contemporary Twelver Shiʿa by exploring relevant fiqh/ijtihad and legal perspectives in Iran.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42605502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Regulating, Recognizing, and Religionizing Nike in Kyrgyzstan 吉尔吉斯斯坦对耐克的规范、认可和宗教化
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341386
J. McBRIEN
{"title":"Regulating, Recognizing, and Religionizing Nike in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"J. McBRIEN","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341386","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In October 2016, the Kyrgyzstani parliament passed a new law regulating marriage amidst a growing debate on gender, sexuality, and the integrity of the Kyrgyzstani nation. The amendment, which aimed to tackle the already illegal practices of underage and forced marriage, criminalized involvement in these acts by targeting the practice that in Kyrgyzstan is colloquially called nike, or what might be referred to as a religious or non-state registered marriage. The amendment regulated and recognized nike for the first time. By adopting novel language and using terminology whose meaning differed significantly from common usage, the amendment also subtly religionized nike. The vociferous public debate surrounding the passage of the bill similarly marked nike as something done by the particularly pious explicitly outside of the state’s purview, producing a spurious and politicized reading of the quotidian practice in Kyrgyzstan.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41947060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Undoing Patrilineality: New Maternal Families and the Politics of Naming in Turkey 取消父系关系:土耳其新的母系家庭和命名政治
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341391
R. Ünal
{"title":"Undoing Patrilineality: New Maternal Families and the Politics of Naming in Turkey","authors":"R. Ünal","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341391","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Based on the topical life stories of fifteen single mothers from Turkey, this article traces the act of naming as a practice of social and legal boundary making and as a means of undoing patrilineality and to seek acknowledgement for a new maternal family. Analyzing the politics of naming in the stories of these single mothers, this contribution first discusses the stigmatizing aspects of conventional patrilineal and marital family naming in Turkey. It traces changes in the registration of family names, how single mothers decide on the registration of the father’s first name, and their concerns and strategies during these legal, bureaucratic procedures. Whereas family law reform has given more rights to single biological and adoptive mothers, they still remain affected by the emotional aspects of a stigmatized practice. Strategically planning their future and that of their children, one solution is to use naming to merge their maternal families with their own paternal families.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46657736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contemporary Issues in Marriage Law and Practice in Qatar 卡塔尔婚姻法与实践中的当代问题
IF 0.4
Hawwa Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1163/15692086-12341389
Rajnaara C. Akhtar
{"title":"Contemporary Issues in Marriage Law and Practice in Qatar","authors":"Rajnaara C. Akhtar","doi":"10.1163/15692086-12341389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341389","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper discusses changing marriage practices in modern-day Qatar, drawing on empirical data gathered in a sociolegal study involving interviews with individual citizens and residents about their marriage and family experiences, and with legal personnel and experts in family law. It presents a unique insight into evolving relationship behaviours occurring within and on the periphery of Qatar’s family-law framework in the context of its population make-up, historic traditions, trends in education, and globalisation. Changing practices examined include ‘late’ first marriages and ‘marrying out.’ The empirical research findings are used to analyse the link between the administrative process of obtaining permission to marry out and non-state-registered marriages, the gender imbalance in the treatment of those marrying out, and the link between child custody rights and unofficial marriages. The emerging narrative depicts couples navigating marriage laws and utilising non-state-registered ‘religious-only’ marriages as a temporary measure to overcome legal and administrative hindrances.","PeriodicalId":42389,"journal":{"name":"Hawwa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47479543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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