Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Ongoing Challenges of Managing Cytopenic Myelofibrosis in 2025: The Emergence of Non-JAK Inhibitor Therapies.","authors":"Samuel B Reynolds, Rami Komrokji, Andrew T Kuykendall","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S549533","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S549533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that is felt to arise from somatic mutations with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC's), leading to the development of atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia. Associated dysregulated cytokine signaling and the trafficking of fibroblasts to the marrow compartment then leads to the deposition of collagen in the marrow compartment. On a molecular level, several well-established driver mutations in <i>JAK2, CALR</i> or <i>MPL</i> activate signaling through JAK/STAT, producing the proliferative phenotype of myelofibrosis. JAK inhibition, accordingly, has been and remains a mainstay in MF-directed therapy. In patients whose disease becomes refractory to Jak inhibitors or in those who experience intolerable adverse effects, however, options from different therapeutic classes are available. Despite this broad availability that includes erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, androgens and TGF-β inhibitors, one of the major challenges in management remains the implementation and successful long-term use of agents to treat cytopenic myelofibrosis. Research into alternative drivers has now led not only to the identification of alternative signaling mechanisms in MF but also to the development and now approval of new therapies outside of Jak inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment and PD-L1 Expression Associations with Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Yun-Li Xie, Long-Feng Ke, Wen-Wen Zhang, Fu Kang, Shu-Yi Lu, Chen-Yu Wu, Huan-Huan Zhu, Jian-Chao Wang, Gang Chen, Yan-Ping Chen","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S545717","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S545717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progression, but the prognostic roles of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TIL-T), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and PD-L1 remain undefined. This study investigates the clinicopathological associations and prognostic impacts of TIL-T, TAMs, and PD-L1 expression in DLBCL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study evaluated 89 primary DLBCL cases, integrating clinicopathological data with automated immunohistochemical quantification of CD3, CD8, FOXP3, CD163, and PD-L1 expression in tumor hotspots and microenvironmental compartments. Prognostic associations of TIL-T, TAMs, and PD-L1 expression with PFS and OS were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High CD3+ infiltration correlated with lower Ki-67 expression, while elevated FOXP3+ levels linked to improved Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG). CD163+ TAMs varied by NCCN-IPI risk, ECOG, and cell of origin. Neoplastic PD-L1 (nPD-L1) positivity associated with higher NCCN-IPI scores, CD3+ T-cell infiltration, and CD163+ TAM enrichment. Microenvironmental PD-L1 (mPD-L1) correlated with age, ECOG, B symptoms, and infiltration of all T-cell subsets and TAMs. Survival analysis revealed prolonged overall survival (OS) with high CD3+, CD8+, FOXP3+ TIL-T, CD163+ TAMs, or mPD-L1 positivity, while progression-free survival (PFS) improved with CD3+ infiltration and mPD-L1. Univariate analysis identified B symptoms, extranodal involvement, and low TIL-T levels as OS risks, whereas ECOG 0 and mPD-L1+ were protective. Multivariate modeling confirmed B symptoms, extranodal disease, and CD3+ TIL-T as independent OS predictors; CD3+ TIL-T and B symptoms independently impacted PFS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The TME plays a crucial role in the biological behavior of DLBCL, particularly because TIL-T and TAMs are significantly associated with patient survival outcomes. These cell types may serve as critical biomarkers and provide novel immunotherapy targets in DLBCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"167-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Drug-Related Problems and Pharmacotherapy Patterns in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients in Yemen.","authors":"Mohammed Mohammed Battah, Hadzliana Zainal, Doa'a Anwar Ibrahim, Nur Hafzan Md Hanafiah, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S538606","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S538606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-related problems (DRPs) are critical challenges in oncology practice, particularly among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), due to complex regimens and high toxicity potential.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to identify, classify, and evaluate the prevalence of DRPs and associated factors, and explore the pattern of chemotherapy prescribing for NHL patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to September 2023 at National Oncology Centre (NOC), Al-Jomhouri Teaching Hospital. Adult NHL patients undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled, with a final sample of 279 patients. DRPs were identified and classified using the validated Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) and cross-checked against National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were evaluated using the Lexicomp^® drug interactions database. Data was collected from patients' interviews, treatment charts and medical records. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 279 NHL patients included in the study, a total of 1870 DRPs were identified (average 6.7 per patient). Advanced-stage disease was observed in 79.6% of patients, and 63.4% received rituximab-containing regimens. The R-CHOP regimen being the most frequently used, which was associated with 52.7% of all DRPs. The most frequent DRPs involved dosing issues, including drug doses too low (26.5%) and incorrect or missing dose calculations (13.1%). DDIs contributed to 13% of the total identified DRPs, with the majority classified as mild interaction. Multivariate regression analysis identified comorbidities, lymphoma subtype, and number of chemotherapy cycles as significant predictors of DRP occurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high number of DRPs were identified among NHL patients in Yemen, with an average of 6.7 DRPs per patient, predominantly due to dosing issues. Integration of clinical pharmacy services, guideline-based prescribing, and systematic medication reviews are essential to minimize DRPs and improve treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"149-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12420923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum ATIC Expression as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Multiple Myeloma Patients.","authors":"Mengyuan Gu, Yanting Zheng, Yifan Wang, Qicai Wang, Jing Wu, Zengyi Xiong, Yanyu Nong, Chunni Huang, Zhongqing Li, Jun Luo, Zhian Ling, Ruolin Li","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S537524","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S537524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study was constructed for investigating the serum expression levels of ATIC with multiple myeloma (MM) patients and its potential clinical value as a biomarker, and analyzing its association with disease stage, treatment response, genetic characteristics and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The serum concentrations of ATIC were assessed in 186 MM patients and 201 healthy controls via ELISA, and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated through ROC curve analysis. Correlation analysis was conducted based on clinical parameters, including common comorbidities, clinical stages, laboratory indicators, disease status, treatment response level, and pathological characteristics. The prognostic relevance of serum ATIC levels in MM patients was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum ATIC levels showed a significant upregulated in MM patients (median = 38.26 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls group (median = 16.98 ng/mL) (p < 0.0001). Newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients showed higher ATIC levels (median = 46.73 ng/mL). Results from ROC curve analysis showed that ATIC had a good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.720, p < 0.0001). ATIC levels decreased with treatment response, and the Remission Group (R group) exhibited a notable decrease than the Active Disease Group (AD group) (p < 0.05). Higher R-ISS staging was associated with elevated ATIC levels (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between serum ATIC levels and ESR (p = 0.029), β2-MG (p = 0.035), GLO (p = 0.044), UA (p = 0.037), abnormal FISH results (p = 0.02), as well as poor prognosis. Notably, MM patients with diabetes had lower ATIC levels than those without diabetes (p = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that serum ATIC expression levels were significantly upregulated in MM patients, which is closely related to comorbidities, disease progression, renal dysfunction, and poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"133-147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-Related Genes Predict Prognosis and Contribute to Immunosuppression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Di Zhang, Yongjian Li, Tingting Liu, Xiaomin Liu, Jingru Zhang","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S529074","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S529074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prognosis remains challenging due to limited biomarkers integrating tumor microenvironment (TME) dynamics. Neutrophils, key mediators of immune regulation, exhibit dual roles in cancer progression, yet their prognostic significance in AML is poorly defined. This study aimed to construct a neutrophil-related gene signature for AML risk stratification and explore its clinical and immunological implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing transcriptomic and clinical data from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), and OHSU cohorts (n=1537), we identified 148 neutrophil-related genes through literature mining. Prognostic genes were selected via univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression (R packages: survival, glmnet). A 5-gene model (CSF3R, BRAF, FFAR2, CD300A, CD37) was validated across internal (TCGA) and external cohorts (GSE10358, GSE14468, OHSU). Immune profiling, drug sensitivity analysis (GDSC database), and TIDE scoring were performed to assess immunotherapy relevance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The neutrophil-based model stratified AML patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct overall survival (OS, <i>p</i><0.0001 in TCGA). Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed its independence from age, FLT3, and TP53 mutations (HR=2.14, <i>p</i>=0.015). CD37 emerged as the strongest prognostic marker (AUC 5-year=0.680, <i>p</i>=0.0026), correlating with immunosuppressive TME features: elevated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs, <i>p</i><0.01), Treg infiltration (<i>p</i> <0.05), and upregulated immune checkpoints (PD1, CTLA4, LAG3; <i>p</i><0.001). High CD37 expression predicted immunotherapy responsiveness (TIDE score, <i>p</i>=0.004) and interacted with 146 potential therapeutic agents (eg, BCL2 inhibitors).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study advances a novel 5-gene prognostic model integrating neutrophil biology into AML risk stratification. CD37, a key regulator of immune evasion, serves as a dual biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy prediction. While validated across multiple cohorts, experimental studies are warranted to unravel CD37's mechanistic role. Our findings highlight the potential of neutrophil-centric biomarkers in guiding personalized AML therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"115-132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Timing and Preparation for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes.","authors":"Liangquan Geng, Erling Chen, Yanping Ji, Huilan Liu, Zimin Sun","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S527790","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S527790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative treatment for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but optimal timing and donor selection remain controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 70 higher-risk MDS patients classified by the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) undergoing allo-HSCT. Patients were stratified by: 1) the interval from diagnosis to allo-HSCT (early: <6 months vs later: ≥6 months); 2) pre-transplant treatment cycles (fewer: <2 vs more: ≥2); 3) remission status (complete remission [CR] / partial remission [PR] vs non-remission [NR]), and 4) donor type (sibling vs unrelated cord blood [UCB]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a significantly higher 3-year overall survival (OS) in the early HSCT group (70% vs 50%, p = 0.05) with lower transplant-related mortality (TRM) (22.7% vs 46.5%, p = 0.0205). Although more pre-transplant treatment cycles were linked to a lower relapse rate (2.3% vs 15.4%, p = 0.0403), they did not significantly affect OS or TRM. Early HSCT emerged as the only significant factor influencing both OS (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.84, p = 0.01) and TRM (HR 3.21, p = 0.01). While no significant differences were noted between sibling HSCT and unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) for OS and TRM, UCBT demonstrated a lower incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) (19.0% vs 52.9%, p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings suggest early allo-HSCT may optimize outcomes in higher-risk MDS. In settings where sibling donors are unavailable, UCBT could serve as a potential alternative, though this observation requires validation in prospective multicenter studies to account for inherent selection biases and confounding factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Prognostic Risk Factors, and Primary Treatment for Elderly Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Seer Database-Based Research.","authors":"Mengyao Zhang, Runyu Yang, Yue Du, Hui Feng, Yi Liu, Haibo Liu, Di Wu, Fan Niu, Pengcheng He","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S529249","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S529249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Moreover, there is currently no specific prognostic model for elderly PCNSL patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively selected patients diagnosed with PCNSL between 1975 and 2016 from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (SEER NCI). The COX model was used to determine the risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The prognostic prediction models for DSS and OS were developed by integrating significant covariates identified through multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,554 patients with PCNSL were included in this retrospective study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Significant differences exist in clinical profiles between elderly (≥60 years) and younger (<60 years) patients with PCNSL. The results showed that the age at diagnosis, pathological subtype, whether or not they have undergone surgical treatment, and whether or not they have received chemotherapy are independent risk factors for DSS, among elderly PCNSL patients. In addition to the risk factors, etc for DSS, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was also an independent risk factor for OS. Based on this, we developed nomograms to estimate OS and DSS for 1, 2, and 3 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found differences in baseline data between elderly PCNSL patients and younger PCNSL patients. Surgery and chemotherapy are associated with better OS and DSS. However, in the long run, radiotherapy is not beneficial to OS and DSS of elderly PCNSL patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Dive into Targeted Therapies: Understanding IDH1-Mutant AML Treatments [Podcast].","authors":"Amer M Zeidan, Courtney DiNardo","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S549780","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S549780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This podcast episode reviews recent advances in the treatment of IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML), focusing on the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles of approved IDH1 inhibitors. The purpose is to present expert insights and clinical data from key trials that underscore the clinical benefits of these targeted therapies. Through discussion of key findings from pivotal clinical trial studies, including data supporting the use of these agents in both newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory (R/R) settings, the episode highlights significant outcomes such as increased overall response and prolonged duration of remission in patients treated with IDH1 inhibitors. The analysis examines critical factors including treatment sequencing, combination regimens, and toxicity management, particularly the monitoring and mitigation of differentiation syndrome and QT interval prolongation. Emphasis is placed on the clinical rationale for individualized therapy selection and the importance of repeat mutation testing at diagnosis and relapse to guide treatment decisions. The results obtained from these clinical trials provide evidence that integrating oral targeted agents into the management of relapsed or refractory AML improves patient outcomes, especially for older or unfit patients who cannot undergo intensive chemotherapy. In conclusion, the episode demonstrates that the evolving use of IDH1 inhibitors, supported by rigorous clinical evidence, represents a promising advance in AML treatment by offering more precise, effective, and tolerable therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing AML Treatment: Evidence-Based Regimens and Guideline Updates for Targeted Treatments in R/R AML [Podcast].","authors":"Amer M Zeidan, Eunice Wang","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S548242","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S548242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by diverse genetic mutations, including <i>IDH1</i> and <i>IDH2</i>, which are present in approximately 15-20% of cases. Recent clinical practice guidelines, including the 2025 NCCN guidelines, emphasize the importance of comprehensive mutational profiling at diagnosis and at relapse to guide targeted treatment strategies for patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) AML. IDH1-mutations, which occur in 5-7% of AML cases, result in the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), disrupting cellular differentiation. IDH1-inhibitors, such as ivosidenib and olutasidenib, block this aberrant metabolic pathway, allowing for differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells. Given the rarity of these mutations, comprehensive molecular testing remains essential to optimize therapeutic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment: WHO-Supported Laboratory Innovations in Africa- A Narrative Review.","authors":"Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu","doi":"10.2147/BLCTT.S518005","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BLCTT.S518005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leukemia remains a major health challenge in Africa, where limited access to advanced diagnostic technologies often leads to delayed diagnosis and suboptimal treatment outcomes. This review explores the role of WHO-supported laboratory innovations in advancing leukemia diagnosis across the continent. It examines key technologies such as molecular diagnostics, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics, highlighting how these innovations have enhanced the accuracy and speed of leukemia detection in resource-limited settings. By facilitating early and precise diagnoses, these technologies are improving patient management and treatment outcomes. Despite the promising advancements, significant barriers to widespread implementation persist, including high costs, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of trained personnel. WHO's efforts to address these challenges through regional collaborations, technical assistance, and capacity-building initiatives are pivotal in overcoming these obstacles. The establishment of specialized diagnostic centers and the integration of advanced technologies into national healthcare systems are key strategies to expand access and improve leukemia care in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":42368,"journal":{"name":"Blood and Lymphatic Cancer-Targets and Therapy","volume":"15 ","pages":"47-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}