Acta Koreana最新文献

{"title":"Carving Status at Kŭmgangsan: Elite Graffiti in Premodern Korea by Maya K. H. Stiller (review)","authors":"Youenhee Kho","doi":"10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2023.26.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"Carving Status at Kŭmgangsan is the fruit of Maya Stiller’s dedicated fieldwork at Kŭmgangsan 金剛山, traditionally believed to be the most beautiful site on the Korean Peninsula, but inaccessible to South Koreans due to its location in North Korea. Stiller surveyed the entire mountain twice, photographing more than five thousand carved inscriptions and identifying the majority of carved autographs by cross-referencing a variety of written documentation in order to map the location and time when the carvings were made. She had originally intended to examine Buddhist remains at and religious pilgrimages to Kŭmgangsan. However, the rock carvings she found throughout the mountain and the inscription a scholar left beside a statue of Buddha which was popular with Chosŏn Confucian scholars (p. 53–57) led her to change her focus to the secular motivations of late Chosŏn travelers to Kŭmgangsan. Drawing on Michel Foucault and Edward Soja, she suggests in the introduction that Kŭmgangsan may have been “a heterotopia” or a “third place” during the premodern period of Korea, serving as a counter-place to the class-controlled society of Chosŏn. She also applies Pierre Nora’s concept of “memory site” to the places at Kŭmgangsan where travelers left their autographic inscriptions.1 Stiller investigates how much a trip to Kŭmgangsan cost and how such trips were financed. According to her analysis, the cost was one-third of what it would take to feed a family for a year (p. 22), and the successful completion of such a costly trip depended on a traveler’s social status. This focus on money, social class, and individual desire for selfexpression, together with insights into material culture, are remarkable in that it overcomes the limitations of previous research which has generally not looked at Kŭmgangsan from this perspective. This is due to the fact that Kŭmgangsan took on a sacredness under Japanese colonial rule in the early twentieth century, as shown in Ode to Kŭmgang (Kŭmgang yech’an, 金剛 禮讚) by Ch’oe Namsŏn (1924) and many paintings of Kŭmgang-san by Ko Huidong during 1930s and it has since become a special, forbidden place in the collective South Korean","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77600705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues in Translating Korean Vernacular Poetry: Based on Translating the Namhun T’aep’yŏng-ga Anthology into Russian","authors":"A. Guryeva","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2008.11.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2008.11.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This article aims at examining some issues to consider while working on Korean vernacular poetry translation in relation to the 110-year tradition of Korean studies in Russia. Examples will be taken from the <i>Namhun t’aep’yŏng-ga</i> 南薰太平歌 (Songs of the Great Peace at South Wind) poetry anthology (1863) by an unknown compiler.</p><list list-type=\"order\"><list-item><label>I</label><p><list list-type=\"order\"><list-item><label>1</label><p>Borrowed Classical Chinese Images: Korean vernacular poetry is full of images borrowed from classical Chinese literature, some of them being phrases organized according to the grammatical rules of classical Chinese. They play an important role in a text as symbols of literary expression requiring a number of specific textual features to be transmitted in a translation. This presents a difficult task in the case of a language, which is not related to the Chinese literary tradition directly (e.g. a western language such as Russian). The issues are: a) The dual-language character of the text: Korean and classical Chinese; and b) metric features as a result of laconic Chinese expressions.</p></list-item><list-item><label>2</label><p>Compositional and literary modes: a) inversion; b) parallelism etc. Most of the modes are based on Korean syntax which differs from that of western languages, therefore, a way of conveying these modes is suggested.</p></list-item><list-item><label>3</label><p>The necessity for commentary: There are numerous methods for showing the beauty and particular compositional quality of the original in translation, but in many cases extra comments are necessary: a) symbols; b) allusions; c) traditional images; d) geographical and historical names or terms etc.</p></list-item></list></p></list-item><list-item><label>II</label><p>Some of the features to be considered when translating vernacular poetry correlate with those of contemporary Korean poetry. For instance: a) borrowed Western images; and b) compositional and literary modes. This will be shown through the example of poems by Chŏng Hyŏn-jong.</p></list-item></list><p>A conclusion is drawn concerning the similarity of issues to consider when translating poetry from both periods, especially a similar tendency in the functioning of borrowed images which occurs in both classical and contemporary poetry. The former was based on the Chinese literary tradition as a source to enrich the poem’s expressive world and to participate in this tradition, the latter appeals to the western and the world cultural tradition in order to become a part of it as well as to enhance its expressiveness. Similar compositional and Eterary modes which need to be reflected in translation may be found in classical and contemporary poetical texts, but their purposes may differ, and they increase in variety in the case of contemporary poems.</p>","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73767332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean Attitudes toward the United States: Changing Dynamics ed. by David I. Steinberg (review)","authors":"A. Cathcart","doi":"10.5860/choice.42-6133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-6133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78020110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Koryŏ Sources: There Is More to Koryŏ than Celadon","authors":"Edward J. Shultz","doi":"10.18399/acta.2008.11.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/acta.2008.11.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Very few western scholars have ventured into the study of Koryŏ. Moreover, Koryŏ, often looked upon as the middle of Korea’s three dynastic periods, gets little respect in Korean historical circles. This lack of focus on Koryŏ is due in part to rather limited sources when compared to the richness of Chosŏn. Despite this, there still remain important sources such as official dynastic histories, miscellaneous literary writings, religious tracts, tomb and other inscriptions that beg for translation. Although the perils that confront the translator are many, the process of uncovering the past and making it accessible to general readers offers unique rewards. This paper explores these issues and reveals this writer’s own problems and successes in translating Koryŏ source material. Koryŏ sources pointedly show that there is much more to this often overlooked kingdom than just celadon.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81897095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space and Identity: Myth and Imagery in the South Korean Patriotic Landscape","authors":"Guy Podoler","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2007.10.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2007.10.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores the relationship between South Korean national identity and the country’s patriotic landscape. It attempts to decipher the images and the codes that museums, memorial halls, and monuments transmit to the local audience in order to establish a sense of spatial and temporal sameness and unity among the members of the nation. The analytic tool which is employed for that purpose is the distinction between “mythology” and “memory,” which makes it possible to avoid the commonly metaphorical use of the latter term. The framework of the analysis is presented in the form of a historical survey of the interaction between governing mythology, i.e. the dominant narrative preferred and advanced by the state, and collective and personal memories in South Korea. This underscores the fact that the present-day natural image of a landscape, which is dominated by images of the colonial past, is actually a late development. Only in the 1980s, when new socio-political conditions allowed for governing mythology and memory to converge and place the colonial past at the forefront of national identity, was this demonstrated by a wave of constructing memorial sites for the colonial past.In this context, it is possible to analyze which images are transmitted and how, and why specifically those images are important. Both external and internal challenges have influenced the decision to base governing colonial mythology on the role of South Korea as the legitimate son, who is responsible for the commemoration of deceased patriots, by relying on a set of familiar cultural and religious images. A highly passionate patriotic language that echoes early twentieth-century rhetoric, not only assists in strengthening the connection between the post-colonial South and pre-divided Korea, but it also mirrors the ongoing concern for the stability of the country. Also, the patriotic landscape sanctifies the death of the patriots, though death as a value is not sanctified. This demonstrates the way through which the concept of patriotism, which forms the emotional linchpin of nationalism, is tied to the idea of civic consciousness and the fulfillment of daily national obligations.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89454511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned in Translating the Paekche Annals of the Samguk Sagi","authors":"J. Best","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2008.11.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2008.11.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Both as a historian and as a person who has recently translated the Paekche Annals (Paekche pon’gi) from the twelfth-century Samguk sagi, it is my belief that there are three factors that are of fundamental importance both to the original composition of any work on history and to its later translation. The three are: 1) the conceptualization of what span of time and what types of information are relevant to a proper understanding of the history being considered; 2) the theoretical or philosophical assumptions concerning the value or purpose of history underlying the text and its translation; and 3) the historiographic methodology whereby it is understood that these ends ought properly to be achieved. Although Kim Pusik (1075–1151), who oversaw the compilation of the Samguk sagi, and I differ somewhat on all three points, my first duty as his translator was to express as accurately as possible his ideas as represented in the text of the Paekche Annals, and then—where necessary and appropriate—to express any contrasting ideas of my own in annotations. In this paper I present a few examples of how the three factors listed above affected Kim’s representation of Paekche history in the Paekche Annals, and how in some of these instances a differing historical perspective of mine was expressed through the annotations appended to my translation of his text.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79644242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aftertaste","authors":"Ch’ŏ Un-Yŏng, Julie Y. Min","doi":"10.1215/9781478022718-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478022718-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78499353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Modern Materials in German Translation","authors":"M. Eggert","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2008.11.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2008.11.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Premodern Korean writings translated into the German language are mainly restricted to literary works—at least as far as monographic publications are concerned. Besides attempting an overview of existing German translations, I will try to provide answers to the question why this is so, and discuss the potential value of German language translations of premodern Korean materials (including, but not confined to literary works). Finally, I will address future prospects and issues of quality management.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76248609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of a Confucian Landscape in the Andong Cultural Region of Korea: Universalism or Particularism?","authors":"Je-hun Ryu","doi":"10.18399/ACTA.2007.10.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18399/ACTA.2007.10.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:It is generally known that (private) academies are heavily concentrated in the so-called Andong cultural region, or in the upper reaches of the Naktong River. This region is the ancestral home of many yangban families that not only influenced the locality but also the whole country. From the Neo-Confucian perspective, there were many sites in the region suitable for studying Confucianism through self-reflection. The physical (topographical) conditions and the sage named T’oegye were responsible for the relative concentration of academies in the region. Depending on the spatial pattern of diffusion, the developmental process of academies in the region can be divided into three stages: the original, transformative and restorative.In the original stage, the main way to justify the location of an academy was to infuse the site with meaning by linking the famous scholars both in space and time. The geographical connections of the scholars to the sites of study or retreat often justified the location of academies. It is the enshrined scholars who added sacredness to the site. In the transformative and restorative stages, increasingly, lineage connection rather than geographical connection and scholarly achievement became an important factor in the foundation of academy shrines. In the construction of an academy, therefore, the religious and intellectual justification for shrine-building sometimes became a controversial issue. Instances of contention also occurred among different groups over the same site that eventually led to territorial division.Neo-Confucianism, as it has been practiced in academies in the Andong cultural region, seems to share characteristics in common with those religions that bind people firmly to a place. The academy has eventually turned from a place open to any lineage groups into a place only open to one or more lineage groups. Neo-Confucianism, which originally claimed to be a universal ideology, has been increasingly practiced as a particularism within regional and local boundaries. Neo-Confucianism is a place-bound religion that has encouraged love for one’s own lineage and hostility to others. The academy is a landscape of high visibility and public significance that has served to enhance a sense of lineage identity. It has encouraged the lineage’s loyalty to its own territory.","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86997819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the Convenience Store","authors":"Kim Ae-ran, Julia Kwon","doi":"10.4135/9781452229669.n819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229669.n819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42297,"journal":{"name":"Acta Koreana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73579316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}