The Journal of Holocaust Research最新文献_第5页

Antisemitism, Holocaust Denial, and Germany’s Far Right: How the AfD Tiptoes around Nazism 反犹主义、否认大屠杀和德国极右翼:另类选择党如何小心翼翼地避开纳粹主义

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2022.2069337

M. Kahn

{"title":"Antisemitism, Holocaust Denial, and Germany’s Far Right: How the AfD Tiptoes around Nazism","authors":"M. Kahn","doi":"10.1080/25785648.2022.2069337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785648.2022.2069337","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines antisemitism and Holocaust denial in contemporary Far-Right German politics with a focus on the party Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland, AfD). The article argues that the AfD has attempted to ‘tiptoe around Nazism’—a phrase coined by the author, which describes how the party has strategically and haphazardly reacted to scandals as they arise in order to avoid being associated with Nazism and losing moderate voters. The first section investigates how the AfD has reacted to various internal scandals that have damaged its reputation. This analysis encompasses the party’s fraught relationship to the Islamophobic, anti-refugee organization PEGIDA (Patriotic Europeans against the Islamicization of the Occident) as well as the ‘Höcke Affair,’ in which prominent AfD leader Björn Höcke denigrated the Berlin Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe as a ‘monument of shame.’ The second section examines the AfD’s proactive attempts to tiptoe around Nazism by portraying itself as philosemitic and pro-Israel and courting Jewish voters as part of its controversial subgroup Jews in the AfD (Juden in der AfD, JAfD). Here it explains how JAfD members, particularly Jews who immigrated to Germany from the former Soviet Union, have rationalized their paradoxical support for this outwardly antisemitic and denialist party. The conclusion situates the AfD in the broader transatlantic context of Far-Right extremism, highlighting trends that may signal—yet, more likely, will fail to bring about—the party’s demise.","PeriodicalId":422357,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Holocaust Research","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121922418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marginalization and Local Commemoration of Third Reich Victims in Germany 德国第三帝国受害者的边缘化和地方纪念

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2022.2062921

Thomas B. Vanderbeek

{"title":"Marginalization and Local Commemoration of Third Reich Victims in Germany","authors":"Thomas B. Vanderbeek","doi":"10.1080/25785648.2022.2062921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785648.2022.2062921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the summer of 2017, the German city of Freiburg im Breisgau inaugurated the prominent Platz der Alten Synagoge memorial commemorating the local Jewish community, which suffered immensely under the Third Reich. As visitors began playing in the memorial’s wading pool, controversy immediately arose regarding the appropriateness of such behavior. Indeed, the local Jewish communities advocated for preventing this activity in the commemorative space, but the behavior continues to this day. As this article demonstrates, Freiburg’s Jewish communities have repeatedly faced marginalization throughout Platz der Alten Synagoge’s development, despite strong efforts to involve Jewish perspectives at the outset. Freiburg’s local commemorative efforts fit into a larger narrative of commemoration in Germany. Scholars have begun emphasizing the distinctions between national ‘centralized’ memory projects conducted by the Federal Government, such as the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, and local commemoration in various other German cities and towns. Analyzing Freiburg’s commemorative efforts in comparison with national memory projects, this article argues that Freiburg’s Platz der Alten Synagoge undermines the national narrative’s reputation of success and effectiveness. The development of Freiburg’s project demonstrates the mixed impact and influence of national commemorative efforts on local commemoration processes in Germany today. Ultimately, this case study poses further research questions on how local and regional memory of Third Reich victims has reacted to the ‘centralized’ national memory process, and its analysis suggests that components of both the national and local processes can offer advantages to public memory projects going forward.","PeriodicalId":422357,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Holocaust Research","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129840597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

‘You Survived? We Were Told All Jews Were Gassed’: Jews, Czechs, and the Memory of the Holocaust “你活了下来?《我们被告知所有犹太人都被毒气杀害》:犹太人、捷克人和大屠杀的记忆

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2022.2071195

Eva Kalousová

引用次数: 0

The Innocent Perpetrators: The Portrayal of ‘German Victimhood’ in Unsere Mütter, Unsere Väter (Generation War) (2013) 无辜者:《德国受害者》(Unsere mtter, Unsere Väter (Generation War)， 2013)中的“德国受害者”形象

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2022.2071196

Lukas Meissel

{"title":"The Innocent Perpetrators: The Portrayal of ‘German Victimhood’ in Unsere Mütter, Unsere Väter (Generation War) (2013)","authors":"Lukas Meissel","doi":"10.1080/25785648.2022.2071196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785648.2022.2071196","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores how the German TV production Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter (2013) characterizes the ‘war generation’ with regard to its role in Nazi crimes and as perpetrators, both on screen and as a historical TV event. The three-part TV miniseries tells the story of five young Germans between 1941 and 1945. The narrative of the episodes follows the five friends who supposedly symbolize representative experiences of the war: four non-Jewish characters—two soldiers, a nurse, an artist—and one Jewish one. The involvement of the Gentile characters in crimes is shown, but they are never portrayed as antisemitic or ideological; rather, their deeds are explained by the overwhelming circumstances they find themselves in. They might become perpetrators, but they remain innocent in their intentions. The first screening of the TV miniseries in Germany and Austria was accompanied by educational materials, on-screen roundtable discussions, and documentaries. I argue that the TV production and its promotional campaign portrayed Germans primarily as victims of the war rather than exploring questions concerning the willing involvement of Germans in Nazi atrocities. This is done using references to and aspects of Holocaust cinema and Holocaust memory that serve as the blueprint for an apologetic story that presents Germans as a community of victims rather than perpetrators. Beyond the silver screen, Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter represents broader contemporary developments in ‘coming to terms with the past’ in German film, focusing on ‘German victimhood’ that resonate with contemporary debates in German society about its immediate past.","PeriodicalId":422357,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Holocaust Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128653080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Fundamentally Singular Crime 一种极其罕见的罪行

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2022.2026703

Saul Friedländer

引用次数: 0

Yehuda Bauer, the Concepts of Holocaust and Genocide, and the Issue of Settler Colonialism 耶胡达·鲍尔，大屠杀和种族灭绝的概念，以及定居者殖民主义问题

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2021.2012985

C. Browning

引用次数: 0

The Life and Death of the Shtetl 《犹太人的生与死

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2021.2018845

O. Bartov

{"title":"The Life and Death of the Shtetl","authors":"O. Bartov","doi":"10.1080/25785648.2021.2018845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785648.2021.2018845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes the contributions and limitations of Yehuda Bauer's 2009 book The Death of the Shtetl. It argues that the book heralded a new trend in Holocaust historiography by focusing on the eastern borderlands and closely observing the response of a limited number Jewish communities there to the German occupation, especially as concerns “amidah,” or unarmed resistance. But the article also points out that Bauer's limited use of available sources obscured the degree of Jewish collaboration with the Germans; the fluidity between Jewish policemen and resisters; the reliance of Jewish resistance on local Christian assistance or underground organizations; the impact on events of long-term relations between the different groups in a highly interethnic region; and the intimacy of the mass murder of the Jews, which was carried out by German perpetrators who had gotten to know their victims over months of occupation and by neighbors who had lived side by side with them for their entire lives. The article argues that a more focused and nuanced local history of the Holocaust in a single location can shed light on aspects of the “final solution” often obscured by top-down histories or even “quasi-regional” histories such as Bauer's.","PeriodicalId":422357,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Holocaust Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129469234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing Jewish Reactions: Between Amidah and Resistance 概念化犹太人的反应:在阿米达和抵抗之间

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2022.2025693

Havi Dreifuss

{"title":"Conceptualizing Jewish Reactions: Between Amidah and Resistance","authors":"Havi Dreifuss","doi":"10.1080/25785648.2022.2025693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785648.2022.2025693","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the concept of amidah and its relevance as an effective conceptual category in Holocaust research. By examining the growth of the concept of amidah at the beginning of Holocaust research, discussing the many categories included in it, emphasizing its ahistorical character and detachment from broad contexts, the author argues that this term does not promote in-depth and critical discussion. In light of these obstacles, Bauer's early conceptions regarding the concept of amidah are analyzed while placing it in the context of the discussion of responses to the Holocaust. As part of those broader contexts of human reactions to extremist actions, Bauer's early reference to those actions called “amidah” opens the door to a comprehensive and in-depth discussion that is not possible within the original concept. This discussion obviates the need for a hierarchical catalogue of the responses under discussion, includes reference to the constant change that has taken place in these actions, and is based on the consciousness that underlies the response. Moreover, it connects amidah to the ability to analyze acts by Jews and non-Jews in the Holocaust, as well as those of a variety of individuals and communities who found themselves in the reality of genocide.","PeriodicalId":422357,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Holocaust Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117153756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflections on an Academic Path: The Inspiration of a Teacher and Mentor 对学术道路的思考:一位老师和导师的启示

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2021.2018851

D. Ofer

引用次数: 0

Estimates of the Losses of Polish Jews in Hiding, 1942–1945: Revisiting Yehuda Bauer’s Observations 估计1942-1945年躲藏的波兰犹太人的损失:重新审视耶胡达·鲍尔的观察

The Journal of Holocaust Research Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25785648.2021.2014673

J. Grabowski

{"title":"Estimates of the Losses of Polish Jews in Hiding, 1942–1945: Revisiting Yehuda Bauer’s Observations","authors":"J. Grabowski","doi":"10.1080/25785648.2021.2014673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785648.2021.2014673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Polish general elections of 2015 brought to power a right-wing, nationalistic party called PiS (Law & Justice). Since then, the nationalists have been busy dismantling the fundamental components of the democratic system, appropriating the entire machinery of the state, and attacking independent judges and journalists. However, their obsession with the defense of the so-called good name of the nation made history one of the most internationally visible areas of confrontation. And Holocaust studies, Holocaust research, and Holocaust education quickly found themselves at the very heart of this struggle over the past. In order to defend the myth of the alleged national innocence during the war, the Polish authorities have become one of the chief agents of Holocaust distortion worldwide. A number of institutions are now involved in a relentless campaign intended to prove that rescuing the Jews during the Shoah was the default position of Polish society. Driven by a phenomenon known as “Holocaust envy,” the official narrative multiplies the ranks of Polish Righteous Among the Nations and strives to present the Polish suffering, and the Polish physical losses, at par with the Jewish ones. The research into the scale of Polish complicity in the Holocaust therefore raises particular ire of the Polish state. Conservative estimates indicate that around 200,000 Jews were either killed or denounced to the Germans by the Poles.","PeriodicalId":422357,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Holocaust Research","volume":"290 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116401699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0