The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology最新文献_第2页

Protector and Casualty 保护人及意外事故

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.31

Meg J. Dennison, K. McLaughlin

{"title":"Protector and Casualty","authors":"Meg J. Dennison, K. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.31","url":null,"abstract":"Early-life adversity is associated with elevated risk for a wide range of mental disorders across the lifespan, including those that involve disruptions in positive emotionality. Although extensive research has evaluated heightened negative emotionality and threat processing as developmental mechanisms linking early-life adversity with mental health problems, emerging evidence suggests that positive emotions play an integral, but complex, role in the association of early-life adversity with psychopathology. This chapter identifies two pathways through which positive emotion influences risk for psychopathology following early-life adversity. First, experiences of early-life adversity may alter the development of the “positive valence system”, which in turn increases risk for psychopathology. Second, the association between adversity and psychopathology may vary as a function of individual differences in positive emotionality. We consider how the development of positive emotionality—measured at psychological, behavioral and neurobiological levels—may be altered by early-life adversity, creating a diathesis for psychopathology. We additionally review evidence for the role of positive emotion, measured at multiple levels, as a protective factor that buffers against the adverse impacts of adversity. In integrating these two roles, it is proposed that characteristics of environmental adversity, including developmental timing, duration, and type of adversity, may differentially impact the development of positive emotionality, leading to a better understanding of risks associated with specific adverse experiences. Methodological issues regarding the measurement of adverse environments as well as implications for early intervention and treatment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124030401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reward Dysregulation in Sexual Function 性功能的奖励失调

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.23

N. Prause

引用次数: 1

Positive Valence System Dysregulation in Psychosis 精神病的正效价系统失调

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.18

M. Deanna, D. Pagliaccio, Katherine R. Luking

{"title":"Positive Valence System Dysregulation in Psychosis","authors":"M. Deanna, D. Pagliaccio, Katherine R. Luking","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"Motivational and hedonic impairments cut across diagnostic categories, are core aspects of psychopathology, and may be crucial for understanding pathways to development and maintenance of psychopathology. Given the pervasive nature of motivational and hedonic deficits across psychopathology forms, the Research Domain Criteria initiative includes a “positive valence” systems domain that outlines constructs critical for understanding motivational and hedonic impairments in psychopathology. These constructs include initial responsiveness to reward, reward anticipation or expectancy, incentive or reinforcement learning, effort valuation, and action selection. The chapter reviews behavioral and neuroimaging studies providing evidence for construct impairments in in individuals with psychosis versus individuals with depressive pathology. Evidence suggests there are meaningful differences in reward-related and hedonic deficits associated with psychosis versus depression. These differences have implications for understanding the differential etiology of these forms of psychopathology and the ways treatment development may need to proceed for each domain. The literature suggests that individuals with depressive pathology experience impairments of in-the-moment hedonics or “liking,” particularly among those who experience anhedonia. Given that hedonic experience is the basis in many ways for all other aspects of motivational function, such deficits may propagate forward and contribute to impairments in other constructs dependent on hedonic responses. In contrast, individuals with psychosis have relatively intact in-the-moment hedonic processing, instead experiencing impairments in process aspects that translate reward to action selection. More specifically, individuals with schizophrenia exhibit altered reward prediction and associated striatal and prefrontal activation, impaired reward learning, and impaired reward-modulated action selection.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130392700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Positive Emotion in Borderline Personality Disorder 边缘型人格障碍中的积极情绪

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.22

J. Hooley, S. Masland

{"title":"Positive Emotion in Borderline Personality Disorder","authors":"J. Hooley, S. Masland","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe form of personality pathology characterized by high levels of negative emotionality. Because negative emotions are so central to the clinical presentation of BPD, the issue of how people with this disorder process and experience positive emotional experiences is relatively unexplored. This chapter provides an overview of what is currently known about positive emotions and BPD. Although the literature is characterized by many inconsistencies, our review suggests that people with BPD do indeed experience positive emotions. However, their recall of positive emotional experiences appears to be reduced, perhaps because such experiences are more transient, less stable, and more likely to be quickly replaced by negative emotions. Problems with the identification and accurate differentiation of positive emotions may also play a role. Such difficulties may conspire to create a psychological world for people with BPD that is characterized by a focus on negative mood and negative emotional experiences. In addition to focusing on negative affect, we suggest that it might also be clinically beneficial to make problems with positive affect a specific clinical target.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124070611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Positive Emotion-Based Impulsivity as a Transdiagnostic Endophenotype 积极情绪为基础的冲动性是一种跨诊断的内表型

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.14

Miji Um, Melissa A. Cyders

{"title":"Positive Emotion-Based Impulsivity as a Transdiagnostic Endophenotype","authors":"Miji Um, Melissa A. Cyders","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"Positive emotion-based impulsivity (i.e., positive urgency) is an important impulsivity-related trait associated with a wide range of problematic behaviors and clinical disorders, including substance use, alcohol dependence, pathological gambling, risky sexual behaviors, and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors, among others. Since its identification in 2007, research has begun to better appreciate how positive emotions bias decision-making and can lead to many of the same negative outcomes that for years were primarily believed to be connected with negative emotional states. However, much still remains to be uncovered about positive urgency, including (a) how best to assess such tendencies without the limitations of self-report biases, (b) how positive urgency imparts risk in specific clinical samples, (c) which mechanisms underlie how positive urgency imparts risk, and (d) how best to intervene on or prevent positive emotion–based risky behaviors. This chapter reviews the accumulating empirical evidence for positive urgency, presents potential mechanisms for how it might affect risk-taking and clinical problems, and discusses many limitations in the current understanding that have thus far made it difficult to identify, prevent, and intervene on this tendency. There are, of course, adaptive and maladaptive features to positive emotions. The extent to which these positive emotions increase risk-taking, however, is an endophenotypic marker of mental health risk across a range of clinical disorders. Better understanding of mechanisms underlying this tendency will lead to identification of novel treatment and prevention targets with broad clinical applicability.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133276142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Psychological Treatments for Anhedonia 快感缺乏的心理治疗

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.35

Halina J. Dour, R. LeBeau, M. Craske

引用次数: 8

Attentional Bias and Well-Being 注意偏差和幸福感

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.9

B. Grafton, C. MacLeod

{"title":"Attentional Bias and Well-Being","authors":"B. Grafton, C. MacLeod","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews work that has sought to examine how biased patterns of attentional responding to affectively valenced information can contribute to variability in both emotional and situational well-being. It begins by critically appraising the cognitive–experimental procedures that have most commonly been employed to assess such attentional bias. Next, the chapter considers findings from research that have employed these assessment approaches to investigate how individual differences in attentional bias toward either negatively toned or positively toned affective information may contribute to variability in emotional disposition. The chapter then discusses research that has examined how the selective processing of aversive information concerning prospective threat and selective attentional responding to positively toned appetitive stimulus information may impact the prospect of engaging in behaviors that have the capacity to enhance or impair situational well-being. In doing so, this chapter highlights the possibility that these types of attentional biases may directly contribute to dissociation between emotional and situational well-being, either by evoking negative emotion while also increasing the prospect of adaptive behavior or by evoking positive emotion while increasing the prospect of maladaptive behavior.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130585276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Positive Emotional Disturbance in Psychopathology 精神病理学中的积极情绪障碍

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.6

D. Watson, Kasey Stanton

{"title":"Positive Emotional Disturbance in Psychopathology","authors":"D. Watson, Kasey Stanton","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.6","url":null,"abstract":"Positive mood scales are negatively associated with many symptoms and disorders, but display positive relations with other forms of psychopathology. The basic goal of this chapter is to explicate the nature of these complex associations. The data we present clearly established that the size and sign of these relations depended on the specific mood measure that was used. More specifically, our results indicated that there were two basic types of positive mood scales. The first type of scale was best exemplified by PANAS-X Joviality and IDAS-II Well-Being. High scorers on these scales report feeling happy, cheerful, lively, enthusiastic, and optimistic. These scales tap a very adaptive form of positive affect, as they tended to correlate negatively with psychopathology. They displayed substantial specificity in their relations, however, correlating most strongly with indicators of depression and anhedonia, and also with social aloofness and other negative symptoms of psychoticism. The second type of scale was exemplified by IDAS-II Euphoria and, to a lesser extent, PANAS-X Self-Assurance. High scorers on these scales report feeling elated, energetic, restless, grandiose, bold, and extremely confident. These scales clearly assess a more dysfunctional form of positive affect, as they tended to correlate positively with psychopathology. Again, however, they displayed considerable specificity in their relations, correlating most strongly with indicators of elevated positive mood within mania, various forms of externalizing, and positive symptoms of psychoticism. These findings demonstrate the importance of examining multiple types of positive mood in psychopathology research.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129634938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reward Disruption in the Development of Depression 抑郁症发展中的奖励中断

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.30

E. Forbes, M. Casement

{"title":"Reward Disruption in the Development of Depression","authors":"E. Forbes, M. Casement","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"While every major model of depression has proposed that positive affect is disrupted in the disorder, it is only recently that scientists have devoted their attention to disruption of the neural aspects of positive affect in depression. This attention is burgeoning, and accumulating evidence, including meta-analytic findings, supports reduced function in the ventral striatum, a basic and critical reward-related brain region. The disruption of positive affect and reward neural systems is particularly germane to adolescence, when reward systems undergo dramatic changes and depression onset is most likely to occur. This chapter provides a developmental psychopathology and affective neuroscience perspective on the disruption of positive emotions in depression by focusing on adolescent brain development, reward function, and depression. This work is extended to social context and development of the self, both of which are impacted by depression and both of which develop prominently in adolescence. These aspects of behavior share common neural substrates with depression, and disruption to their development by the experience of depression could compromise effective functioning during adulthood.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pleasant Emotions and Psychopathology 愉悦情绪与精神病理学

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.3

H. Berenbaum, Phillip I. Chow

引用次数: 0