The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology最新文献_第3页

Positive Affect and Biological Rhythms 积极情绪和生物节律

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.25

J. E. Byrne, G. Murray

{"title":"Positive Affect and Biological Rhythms","authors":"J. E. Byrne, G. Murray","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"In humans, positive affect is an indicator of activation of the reward system, a neurobiological adaptation guiding motivation and behavior in the context of incentive cues. Disturbances of positive affect and related reward function are defining features of mood disorders and other serious psychopathology, so there are calls for a deeper understanding of normal and abnormal operation of positive affect/reward. One potentially useful avenue of research seeks to understand internal and external modulators of reward function, and a key hypothesis in this domain posits that positive affect/reward is modulated by endogenous biological rhythms. The reward potential of the environment varies with the light–dark cycle, and the fitness of an organism is enhanced by its being primed for environmental engagement when the likelihood of rewards is high (daytime for diurnal species). In all species, the endogenous circadian system is adapted for this purpose. It has therefore been hypothesized that the human reward system not only is reactive to external cues but also is modulated by timing information from the circadian system. Consistent with this prediction, a range of evidence suggests that positive affect is partly controlled by the endogenous circadian system, and there is emerging evidence for a circular relationship between features of sleep and daytime positive mood states. This chapter critically reviews evidence for circadian and sleep modulation of positive affect and situates these findings in a broader understanding of positive affect as an indicator of reward motivation.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124894440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goal Dysregulation in Depression, Mania, and Schizophrenia 抑郁症、躁狂和精神分裂症的目标失调

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.10

Sheri L. Johnson, Amy H. Sanchez, C. Carver

引用次数: 0

Facilitation of Positive Emotions Through Mindfulness-Based Therapy 通过正念疗法促进积极情绪

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.34

N. Geschwind, S. Martinmäki, E. Garland

{"title":"Facilitation of Positive Emotions Through Mindfulness-Based Therapy","authors":"N. Geschwind, S. Martinmäki, E. Garland","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"Positive emotions are vital to psychological well-being and enhance resilience against psychopathology. One of the psychiatric disorders most characterized by a lack of positive emotions is major depressive disorder. Despite the resilience-enhancing features of positive emotions and high rates of relapse for major depressive disorder, current recommended treatment forms do not pay much explicit attention to the stimulation of positive emotions. One evidence-based form of relapse prevention is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. In mindfulness based cognitive therapy, participants train their capacity to intentionally guide their attention toward present-moment experience through daily practice, such as focusing on their own breath. Another important aspect of the training is the cultivation of an open, nonevaluative, curious, and mild orientation of mind. Many scholars have focused on the nonevaluative quality of mindful present-moment awareness as an antidote for reducing negative mental states. The question arises regarding which extent mindfulness-based therapies naturally enhance positive emotions. The current chapter first reviews the current evidence for positive emotions as a protective factor against the development of major depressive episodes and then examines the evidence for the idea that mindfulness practice may naturally facilitate the experience of positive emotions. The chapters ends by presenting a novel account detailing how the practice of mindfulness may result in increased positive emotions as well as translate into an increased sense of meaningfulness and purpose. Implications for enhancing the facilitation of positive emotions in mindfulness-based therapies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131036921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Positive Emotion Dysregulation in Eating Disorders and Obesity 饮食失调与肥胖的积极情绪失调

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.26

E. Selby, Emily A. Panza, Maribel Plasencia

{"title":"Positive Emotion Dysregulation in Eating Disorders and Obesity","authors":"E. Selby, Emily A. Panza, Maribel Plasencia","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals diagnosed with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder often experience a great deal of suffering and persistent reoccurrence of symptoms and engage in suicidal and self-harming behaviors. The bulk of psychological research on eating disorders has historically focused primarily on the experience of negative emotion, which has been well established as a problem across the eating disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that positive emotion dysregulation may also play an important and underappreciated role in eating disorders. The positive emotion dysregulation in eating disorders can take various forms, resulting in either a dearth of positive emotional experience or maladaptive elevations in positive emotion. Some eating-disordered behaviors, such as binge eating, may result in momentary elevations in positive emotion, while others, such as purging, may ameliorate negative emotion and simultaneously promote positive emotions such as relief. In contrast, anorexia nervosa is a disorder frequently characterized by rigid self-control; a growing body of evidence suggests that many anorexia nervosa weight loss behaviors may facilitate the experience and control of positive emotion. Importantly, the experiences of both negative and positive emotion dysregulation may contribute to challenges faced in treating eating disorders and issues with recurrence of symptoms, particularly for anorexia nervosa. Finding alternative methods for facilitating positive emotion in an adaptive manner may be critical for improving current eating disorder treatments. Thus, positive emotion dysregulation may contribute to both onset and maintenance of eating disorders; addressing these issues may provide a promising future direction for improving clinical interventions for eating disorders.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125682569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Positive Emotion in Generalized Anxiety Disorder 广泛性焦虑障碍中的积极情绪

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.20

Ilana Seager, D. Mennin, A. Aldao

{"title":"Positive Emotion in Generalized Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Ilana Seager, D. Mennin, A. Aldao","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a debilitating condition characterized by excessive, pervasive, uncontrollable, and paralyzing worries about a wide range of future situations. Individuals with this condition frequently find themselves stuck in worry and tension cycles in futile attempts at reducing uncertainty and increasing control. GAD has been associated with substantial impairments in functioning and reduced quality of life. GAD remains poorly understood, and the long-term efficacy and end-state functioning resulting from treatment are weaker compared to other anxiety disorders. Some treatments (e.g., emotion regulation therapy, acceptance-based behavioral therapy) have improved efficacy, partly by targeting emotional dysfunction. Basic psychopathology research has focused on identifying the role of negative affect in GAD, so little is known about how positive affect is experienced and regulated in this disorder. This is particularly important in light of the overlap of this condition with major depressive disorder, which is characterized by low or suppressed positive emotion. Developing such an understanding is essential to further improve the efficacy of emotion-based treatments. This chapter reviews current and future directions in the study of positive affect in GAD. The chapter reviews the nascent research on positive affect and GAD, then illustrates dimensions of future work.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133290139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Transdiagnostic Treatments for Enhancing Positive Affect and Well-Being 提高积极影响和幸福感的跨诊断治疗

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.32

Hannah T. Boettcher, Steven J. Sandage, Heather Murray Latin, D. Barlow

{"title":"Transdiagnostic Treatments for Enhancing Positive Affect and Well-Being","authors":"Hannah T. Boettcher, Steven J. Sandage, Heather Murray Latin, D. Barlow","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen increased interest in transdiagnostic interventions, which seek to alleviate psychopathology by targeting mechanisms responsible for its etiology and maintenance across diagnostic categories. These interventions are promising due to being cost and time efficient and applicable to diverse clinical presentations. There is a growing parallel appreciation for the dimensional nature of emotional disorders, including anxiety, depressive, and related disorders in which emotion dysregulation is central. Positive affect and well-being are important, yet often overlooked, in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. This chapter explores transdiagnostic treatments to enhance positive affect and well-being in emotional disorders. One intervention is profiled, the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP), a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral treatment targeting neuroticism with a mounting body of evidence for anxiety and related disorders. This chapter highlights ways the UP and other transdiagnostic interventions may enhance positive functioning in emotional disorders. Also explored are the ways in which positive functioning can be enhanced from a multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on research in the areas of spirituality, religion, and positive psychology. The central thesis proposed in this chapter is that a transdiagnostic approach targeting not only intense negative affect but also positive affect may be particularly helpful in improving quality of life for individuals with deficits across dimensions of well-being. Future directions in this line of research are proposed.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"213 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114167091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positive Emotion Regulation in Depression 抑郁症的积极情绪调节

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.17

W. M. Vanderlind, J. Joormann

引用次数: 1

Neurobiological Reward-Related Abnormalities Across Mood Disorders 跨越情绪障碍的神经生物学奖励相关异常

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.15

Alexis E. Whitton, M. Treadway, M. Ironside, D. Pizzagalli

{"title":"Neurobiological Reward-Related Abnormalities Across Mood Disorders","authors":"Alexis E. Whitton, M. Treadway, M. Ironside, D. Pizzagalli","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a critical review of recent behavioral and neuroimaging evidence of reward processing abnormalities in mood disorders. The primary focus is on the neural mechanisms underlying disruption in approach motivation, reward learning, and reward-based decision-making in major depression and bipolar disorder. Efforts focused on understanding how reward-related impairments contribute to psychiatric symptomatology have grown substantially in recent years. This has been driven by significant advances in the understanding of the neurobiology of reward processing and a growing recognition that disturbances in motivation and hedonic capacity are poorly targeted by current pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. As a result, numerous studies have sought to test the presence of reward circuit dysfunction in psychiatric disorders that are marked by anhedonia, amotivation, mania, and impulsivity. Moreover, as the field has increasingly eschewed categorical diagnostic boundaries in favor of symptom dimensions, there has been a parallel rise in studies seeking to identify transdiagnostic neural markers of reward processing dysfunction that may transcend disorders. The thesis of this chapter is twofold: First, evidence indicates that specific subcomponents of reward processing map onto partially distinct neurobiological pathways. Second, specific subcomponents of reward processing, including reward learning and effort-based decision-making, are impaired across different mood disorder diagnoses and may point to dimensions in symptom presentation that possess more reliable behavioral and neural correlates. The potential for these findings to inform the development of prevention and treatment strategies is discussed.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121810054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Neuroscientific Hypothesis Concerning Poor Memory for Positive Material in Depression 抑郁症患者对积极材料记忆不良的神经科学假说

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.7

D. Dillon

{"title":"A Neuroscientific Hypothesis Concerning Poor Memory for Positive Material in Depression","authors":"D. Dillon","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"Depression can disrupt episodic memory; stress and excessive negative emotion associated with depressive illness are largely to blame. The tendency of depressed adults to repeatedly retrieve and elaborate on emotionally negative memories is well documented and figures prominently in the disorder’s cognitive models. Focusing exclusively on enhanced memory for negative material, however, misses the fact that depression impairs memory for emotionally positive material. The neural mechanisms responsible for this positive memory deficit are not well understood, but data from nonhuman animals and healthy adults suggest a simple hypothesis. Confronted daily with innumerable inputs, the brain has evolved signals that distinguish information to retain from information to safely discard. Dopamine release is such a signal. When dopamine impinges on receptors in the hippocampus, it triggers a sequence of molecular processes that strengthen the connection between synapses, solidifying memory for the events proximal to dopamine release. Because dopamine neurons fire robustly in response to unexpected, rewarding events (i.e., highly arousing, positive experiences), this mechanism should support lasting memories for positive experiences. A growing literature links depression to stress-induced inhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons. The chapter proposes that the positive memory deficit in depression reflect failure of the aforementioned mechanism: Positive events do not elicit robust dopamine responses in depressed adults, leading to weak activation of hippocampal dopamine receptors, compromised synaptic strengthening, and—ultimately—poor memory. The chapter presents this proposal in detail to evaluate its promise as an explanation for positive memory deficits in depression.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132723992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Liking Versus Wanting Perspective on Emotion and the Brain 情感与大脑的喜好vs欲望视角

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.13

K. Berridge

{"title":"A Liking Versus Wanting Perspective on Emotion and the Brain","authors":"K. Berridge","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"Reward, pleasure, threat, fear, and disgust are emotional labels that we often use with confidence, as if we knew the identity of their corresponding psychological processes. Those psychological processes of emotion are quite real and deeply grounded in brain systems shared by humans with many animals. But, the identity of fundamental psychological components within emotion are sometimes mistaken because only the final products are experienced, losing the identity of important psychological components that arise en route. Some of those components can have counterintuitive psychological features. For example, the experience of pleasant rewards actually contains distinct psychological processes of “liking” (hedonic impact) and “wanting” (incentive salience). Experience of fear-evoking threats hides distinct psychological components of passive reaction and an actively coping form of fearful salience. Perhaps most counterintuitively, the component of “fear” salience in threat shares a hidden psychological and neural relationship to that of “wanting” for rewards. These psychological components have implications both for ordinary emotions and for pathological disorders ranging from addiction to paranoia. Affective neuroscience studies in this way can produce surprises and insights into the psychological structure of emotions.","PeriodicalId":422197,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128659339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3