Colección Psicología y Ley最新文献

{"title":"ESTRATEGIAS MOTIVACIONALES EN INTERVENCIÓN CON AGRESORES DE PAREJA: EL PLAN MOTIVACIONAL INDIVIDUALIZADO / [MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES IN INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE OFFENDER INTERVENTION: INDIVIDUALIZED MOTIVATIONAL PLANS]","authors":"Marisol Lila, Enrique Gracia, Ángel Romero-Martínez, Faraj A. Santirso","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-021","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment adherence and motivation to change are among the main challenges to improve the effectiveness of batterer intervention programs (BIPs). The aim of this study was to examine whether adding a motivational strategy (i.e., Individualized Motivational Plan, IMP) increase the BIPs effectiveness, relative to the standard intervention alone. To this end, three studies were conducted with intimate partner violence offender samples, participating in a randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the control condition (standard BIP), or to the experimental condition (BIP+IMP). Final outcomes (i.e., official recidivism, physical and psychological violence, and recidivism • Correspondencia/correspondence: marisol.lila@uv.es Financiación/Funding: Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social (PND2018-021) y por la Universidad de Valencia (UV-INV_AE18-779244). PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA Y FORENSE: INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL 290 risk) and proximal outcomes (i.e., treatment compliance -dropout and intervention dose, stage of change, emotion-decoding abilities, empathy and therapeutic alliance) were analysed. Participants in the experimental condition, at the end of the intervention, had lower levels of recidivism risk and self-reported physical violence, higher intervention dose, and were at higher stages of change at the end of the intervention program. They also were more accurate in decoding emotional facial signals and presented better cognitive empathy (i.e., perspective taking). Finally, participants in standard plus motivational condition established higher therapeutic alliance. Our results highlight the relevance of motivational strategies to increase the effectiveness in BIPs.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126940990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VECINDARIOS Y PROBLEMAS SOCIALES: UN ACERCAMIENTO DESDE LA ESTADÍSTICA ESPACIAL / [NEIGHBORHOODS AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS: A SPATIAL STATISTICS APPROACH]","authors":"Miriam Marco, E. Gracia, A. López-Quílez, Marisol Lila","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-023","url":null,"abstract":"The Social Disorganization Theory has extensively analysed the relationship between crime and violence and the social environment where it occurs. The hierarchical Bayesian spatial modelling proposes an advanced methodology to study the risk of social problems in the neighbourhoods. This paper uses this approach to analyse three types of social problems in the city of Valencia: drug-related crime, child maltreatment and intimate partner violence against women. Different hierarchical Bayesian spatial models • Correspondencia/correspondence: miriam.marco@uam.es Financiación/Funding: Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2017-84764-P y PSI2014-54561-P) y por el Instituto de la Mujer (MUJER2012PI-152). PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA Y FORENSE: INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL 318 were performed for each of these outcomes, and the influence of the neighbourhood-level variables in the spatial risk of these problems were assessed. The results showed that, regardless of the type of social problem analysed, both in the case of problems that occur in the street, such as drug-related crimes, and in problems that occur behind closed doors, such as child maltreatment and intimate partner violence against women, they show a spatial distribution, i. e., they are not randomly distributed in the city, but there are areas with greater risk than others. In addition, these spatial patterns are related to the neighbourhood characteristics, which would explain the unequal risk in the different areas of the city. Specifically, neighbourhoods with higher concentrated disadvantage and higher immigrant concentration show a higher risk of the different social problems. Risk maps can be very useful to guide local actions, effectively manage the social resources and develop preventive strategies for those neighbourhoods with higher risks.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131578987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTIMACIÓN DE LA CONFORMIDAD EN EL TESTIMONIO: UNA REVISIÓN META-ANALÍTICA / [ESTIMATING THE EFFECTS OF CONFORMITY IN TESTIMONY: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW]","authors":"Adriana Selaya, Jéssica Sanmarco, Ramón Arce","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-005","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of knowing the effect of conformity in the introduction of erroneous information in testimony, a meta-analytical review was carried out. A search of studies about the effects of conformity in the witness’ memory was made, with a total of 12 primary studies found, from which 17 effect sizes were computed. The results exhibited a positive ( d = 1.44), significant, generalizable mean effect size and of a magnitude greater than 69.22% of all positive possible effects. Nevertheless, the mean effect is mediated by moderators. Moreover, the results support that, as a consequence of conformity effect, the probability of introducing information non-observed (truthful or erroneous) by the witness increases until 85%, and that the conformity rate reaches to 58% of the witnesses. The implications of the results for the evaluation of the testimony in judicial judgement making are discussed.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116538221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACTITUDES HACIA LAS LEYES Y COMPORTAMIENTOS DESVIADOS: UN ESTUDIO CON ADOLESCENTES EN SÃO PAULO, BRASIL. / [ATTITUDES TOWARDS LAWS AND DEVIANT BEHAVIORS: A STUDY WITH ADOLESCENTS IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL.]","authors":"A. Komatsu, A. M. Gomes","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-019","url":null,"abstract":"de las leyes la regulación Palabras adolescentes; autoridades; socialización legal. Abstract Perception of laws as legitimate is an important element of regulating deviant behaviour. Research suggests that the greater the agreement with a view that laws are legitimate, the lower the risk of incurring breach of behaviour. Thus, the present study estimated the magnitude of the relationship between attitudes related to the legitimacy of laws and behaviours of violation of rules. 702 14-year-olds participated, who were grouped by the k-means method into four groups based on the level of acceptance of the laws and then compared in terms of behaviour that violates rules or laws. The group that perceives laws as less legitimate in its two dimensions (Moral Alignment and Duty to Obey) has a higher risk of engaging in infringing behaviour. Between the two dimensions, Moral Alignment proved to be more important to reduce the risk of infringing behaviour. The results reinforce the hypothesis that the legitimacy of the laws is an important element for the regulation of deviant behaviours.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"51 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131092197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MITOS SOBRE AGRESIÓN SEXUAL EN UNA MUESTRA DE POBLACIÓN PENITENCIARIA / [MYTHS ABOUT SEXUAL AGGRESSION IN A SAMPLE OF PRISON INMATES]","authors":"S. Pazos, Verónica Marcos, Bárbara Castro","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-008","url":null,"abstract":"The high incidence of sexual crimes, in addition to the severity of its consequences, continues to require greater social and scientific effort that sheds light on this phenomenon and allows prevention and intervention to be guided. According to the literature, previous studies reveal the impact of myths about sexual violence, which refer to how sexual assaults occur, the guilt of the victim and the justification of the aggressor. Although there are studies in the community population, there is little research on the prevalence of sexual assault myths in the prison population. That is why we considered this study, in which a single group ex post facto design was carried out, with a sample of 48 internal sentences in a prison with an average age of 40.31 ( SD = 9.61), to which the AMMSA scale was applied, the scale of social desirability and a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables. The results highlight the prevalence of myths about sexual assault in the male prison population, showing that the acceptance of myths is significantly higher in the prison population than in the community population. Taking into account the limitations of our study, the implications of the results are discussed and future lines of research are proposed within the prison field, which promote the development and implementation of treatment programmes for reduction of cognitive myths and distortions, adjusted to the needs of the sentenced, and which can promote their proper reintegration, re-education and resocialization.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116919721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIMULACIÓN DE PSICOPATOLOGÍA EN LA INCAPACIDAD TEMPORAL: UTILIDAD FORENSE DEL SCL-90-R / [FEIGNING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN TEMPORARY DISABILITY: FORENSIC UTILITY OF THE SCL-90-R]","authors":"Manuel Vilariño, Bárbara G. Amado, Javier Martín-Peña","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-002","url":null,"abstract":"Feigning in temporary disabilities (TD) assessment should be controlled because of the secondary gains that could motivate the feigning of psychopathology. The general objective of this study was to determine the utility of the SCL-90-R for TD assessments by psychological causes. For this, 50 workers answered the SCL-90-R under feigning instructions. The results showed that feigning sample obtained higher significant scores in all dimensions and global indexes of distress, contrasting to non-clinical general population. Similar results were obtained with clinical population, with the exception of PSDI index which has not shown differences. The case study evidenced that all but one participants feigned specific clinical case scores in the SCL-90-R, furthermore the participants were classified as clinical cases simultaneously in several symptomatic dimensions. Thus, with the aim to feign successfully the participants used the strategies of severity of symptoms and indiscriminate symptom endorsement. Finally, regarding • Correspondencia/correspondence: mvilarino@unizar.es PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA Y FORENSE: INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL 26 feigning detection it was obtained that 95.9% of the successful feigners were correctly detected by at least one global index, 93.9% were detected as feigners by two or more indexes simultaneously, and the sensitivity of the GSI and PST was 91.8% in feigning detection. Finally, practical implications of these results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124616364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCIA Y RAZONES PARA LA VIOLENCIA FILIO-PARENTAL EN ADOLESCENTES ESPAÑOLES: DIFERENCIAS DE GÉNERO EN VÍCTIMAS Y AGRESORES / [PREVALENCE AND REASONS FOR CHILD-TO-PARENT VIOLENCE IN SPANISH ADOLESCENTS: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VICTIMS AND AGGRESSORS]","authors":"L. Contreras, F. Rodríguez-Díaz, M. C. Cano-Lozano","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-013","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent violence against parents is a phenomenon on the rise, which has promoted in recent years a growing body of research in different countries. However, to concrete the prevalence is complex, as victims tend to hide to abuse, so official data refer to those cases reported at the Juvenile Court. Studies with community samples of adolescents can provide information about the extent on this issue in general society. Nevertheless, literature reveals a great disparity of data on prevalence of child-to-parent violence across the studies and, furthermore, research about the reasons for these types of behaviours are very scarce. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence and the reasons for child-to-parent violence in a wide sample of Spanish • Correspondencia/correspondence: lmcontre@ujaen.es PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA Y FORENSE: INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL 178 adolescents, examining differences according to the aggressor’s and the victim’s gender. A total of 1,624 Spanish adolescents were assessed using the CPV-Q (Contreras, BustosNavarrete, & Cano-Lozano, 2019). Data revealed that mothers are the more frequent victims of the aggressions, being girls the more frequent aggressors in some types of violence. The more frequent reasons were temperament and the time to come home at night, with some differences among girls and boys. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the design of prevention and treatment programs.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116478924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SÍNTOMAS PREFRONTALES EN DELINCUENTES Y NO DELINCUENTES CON UN MISMO NIVEL EDUCATIVO / [PREFRONTAL SYMPTOMS IN OFFENDERS AND NON-OFFENDERS WITH THE SAME EDUCATION LEVEL]","authors":"Claudia Héctor-Moreira, S. Borges, Juan Luis Beceiro García, A. Martin","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-022","url":null,"abstract":"Deficits in executive functions have traditionally been associated with antisocial behaviour. This research aims to test whether people with the same education level inside and outside prison have the same executive functioning. The sample was made up of 40 participants, of both sexes and aged between 18 and 62. The results indicate that there are differences between the two groups in four of the five scales of the Prefrontal Symptom Inventory: Motivational problems, executive control problems, attention problems and social behaviour problems. However, contrary to expectations, the non-delinquent show higher scores on these deficits. Both groups scored higher than the normative samples. The results are discussed with caution given the size of the sample and suggesting that future research should aim to use as a comparison group people who differ only in the fact that they are not offenders. The need to analyse the variables that mediate/moderate the relationship between criminal behaviour and executive functioning is also stated.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122577243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¿DISCRIMINA LA ESCALA DE DS DEL MMPI LA SIMULACIÓN DE RESPUESTAS HONESTAS Y DE PACIENTES CLÍNICOS? UNA REVISIÓN META-ANALÍTICA / [DOES THE MMPI DS SCALE DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN MALINGERING RESPONSES FROM HONEST AND REAL PATIENT RESPONSES? A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW]","authors":"Yurena Gancedo, Adriana Selaya, Ramón Arce","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-001","url":null,"abstract":"In psychological forensic assessment malingering must be suspected (differential diagnosis), being the MMPI-2 the reference instrument for this purpose. Malingering • Correspondencia/correspondence: ramon.arce@usc.es Financiación/Funding: Esta investigación fue financiada, en parte, con un Proyecto del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España [This research has been sponsored by a grant of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness] Referencia/reference: PSI201787278-R, y con fondos del Programa de Ayudas a la Etapa Predoctotal de la Xunta de Galicia, dentro del proyecto “Revisión meta-analítica de los instrumentos forenses de evaluación del daño psicológico”. PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA Y FORENSE: INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL 10 assessment implies the study of different malingering strategies including the erroneous stereotypes. For this aim, MMPI-2 comprises the Gough Dissimulation Scale (Ds) consisting of 58 items which has been observed to be effective in the discrimination between genuine clinical patients and malingerers. Previous meta-analytic reviews found support for this scale but results are invalid as mean effect size was not corrected for sampling error. As for this, an actualised revision correcting effect sizes was performed. The search located 23 primary studies from which 67 effect sizes were computed, 37 comparing malingerers with genuine patients, and 30 contrasting malingerers with the nonclinical controls. The results showed that the Ds Scale is effective is efficient in both contrast of malingerers with genuine patients, d = 0.84[0.77, 0.91], and nonclinical controls general, d = 0.42[0.35, 0.49]. Moreover, the discriminative capacity of the scale is significantly higher between malingered responses with genuine patients that with nonclinical controls. The implications of the results for professional practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115534891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANÁLISIS DE SENTENCIAS DE DELITOS CONTRA LA LIBERTAD SEXUAL CON AGRESORES MÚLTIPLES / [JUDICIAL SENTENCES ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL OFFENCES WITH MULTIPLE OFFENDERS]","authors":"S. Jiménez, Xavier Camplá, D. Seijo","doi":"10.2478/9788395609596-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395609596-007","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual assault has serious consequences for victims, especially those committed by multiple aggressors. In this paper, we carried out an archive study of criminal sentences, examining the criminological characteristics of the so-calling “herds” or groups of sexual aggressors. To this end, we analyse the content of a total of 54 criminal sentences that include 128 multiple male offenders prosecuted and whose victims are adult female. Among the results, some peculiarities of these illicit activities stand out, like the primacy of small groups (up to three sexual offenders), who committed significantly more crimes of aggression than abuse, mainly at night, with high use of strength, as well as the deception of the victim as the predominant commission modality, and mostly without a weapon or planning. Furthermore, there are characteristics that distinguish it from sexual violence in the case of a single aggressor, such as high conviction rate, the transfer of the victim and the use of vulnerability factors on the victim. The limitations of the study are discussed and some implications are raised for the design of policies for the prevention of sexual violence.","PeriodicalId":422136,"journal":{"name":"Colección Psicología y Ley","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126690728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}