Espaces-Populations-Societes最新文献

{"title":"Substituer de l’espace vert privé par de l’espace vert public : un choix multifactoriel. L’exemple de l’unité urbaine de Rouen","authors":"Marie Havret","doi":"10.4000/eps.10156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.10156","url":null,"abstract":"Les espaces verts urbains representent un veritable enjeu dans les logiques actuelles de developpement durable, dans la mesure ou ces espaces participent au bien-etre des populations et a la durabilite des villes. Or, dans un contexte de forte tension fonciere et de densification urbaine, ces espaces sont de plus en plus menaces et fragmentes. Une alternative pourrait resider dans la reduction de la taille des espaces prives (logement, jardin) pour creer des espaces verts publics, qui apportent davantage de benefices sociaux et ecologiques que les espaces verts prives. A partir d’une enquete de terrain menee dans l’unite urbaine de Rouen (France), l’article s’interesse aux facteurs explicatifs de la volonte de substituer de l’espace prive par de l’espace vert public.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"À l'invisible nul n'est tenu : les conditions spatiales de l’identification métisse au Canada au XIXe siècle","authors":"Étienne Rivard","doi":"10.4000/eps.10107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.10107","url":null,"abstract":"Le « peuple oublie » (the forgotten people), telle est l’image qui collait aux Metis du Canada au tournant des annees 1970. Il s’agit d’une epoque cruciale ou de jeunes intellectuels metis de l’Ouest canadien amorcent un long processus de rehabilitation de leur passe et de remise en question d’une historiographie canadienne qui les depeint jusqu’alors comme des insurges demi-sauvages et des menaces directes au developpement du Canada moderne. En effet, suite a leur soulevement en 1885, a l’intervention militaire des forces canadiennes et a la pendaison de leur leader politique, les Metis ont ete, dans une large part, et pour la majeure partie du XXe siecle, relegues aux marges geographiques et sociales de l’ensemble canadien. A l’heure de la reconciliation nationale et du renouvellement des relations de l’Etat avec les peuples autochtones, cette reaffirmation metisse est certes dans l’air du temps. Elle s’accompagne toutefois d’un effet secondaire. A l’ombre de cette realite metisse de l’Ouest, se multiplient aujourd’hui des communautes se reclamant de l’identite metisse et d’une histoire qui leur est propre, et cela bien au-dela du territoire des Prairies auquel est generalement associe cet espace identitaire au Canada. Ces revendications soulevent des defis relativement a la definition des Metis comme peuple autochtone : d’une part, les communautes d’affirmation recente souffrent d’une invisibilite politique (reconnaissance) qui n’a d’egale qu’une certaine invisibilite historique (rarete des traces documentaires); d’autre part, ces revendications remettent profondement en question les representations historiques et geographiques sur lesquelles reposent les processus d’identification de l’autochtonie. Cet article propose un nouveau regard geo-historique sur la question metisse dans l’Est, sensible aux jeux d’echelle et a la pertinence des preuves indirectes dans la construction des savoirs geographiques. Nous tirons profit d’une vingtaine d’annees d’experience en recherche fondamentale sur les questions metisses au Canada et d’une recherche plus appliquee decoulant de notre role a titre de temoin expert pour une cause judiciaire au Quebec.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47140337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sortis du bois. Les nouvelles formes de visibilités des Wichis du Nord de l’Argentine","authors":"Alberto Preci, P. Gautreau, B. Tallet","doi":"10.4000/eps.10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.10047","url":null,"abstract":"En Amerique latine, les peuples indigenes se caracterisent par une nouvelle « visibilite ». Pour comprendre ce processus, nous proposons une grille de lecture qui depasse l’etude des dispositifs d’(in)visibilisation institutionnels pour reconnaitre le protagonisme des indigenes. A partir de l’exemple des Wichis, qui vivent dans le Nord de l’Argentine, il s’agit de redonner sa place aux pratiques spatiales des indigenes afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure leur territorialite leur permet de se rendre visibles. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons leur mobilite et leur recente integration en milieu urbain. Nous identifions divers « regimes de visibilite », au sens d’assemblages dynamiques d’elements institutionnels et spatiaux, qui sont susceptibles de varier au fil du temps mais aussi de coexister selon l’espace pris en consideration. L’analyse des nouvelles formes de visibilite des Wichis nous permet d’une part de remettre en cause une certaine essentialisation de leur identite, et, de l’autre, de proposer une geographie de leur visibilite.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44319209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous Urban Geographies of Empowerment: Māori Urban Geographies of Whakamanatanga","authors":"Serge A. Marek","doi":"10.4000/eps.10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.10001","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on the relationship between Indigenous urbanisms and Indigenous urban geographies of empowerment. It is argued that emerging literature is demonstrating the potentialities and possibilities of Indigenous urban geographies that are moving beyond marginalization and resistance. In an attempt to develop a theoretical understanding of these geographies, a definition of Indigenous urban geographies of empowerment is proposed. As an example, ways Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand are expressing these geographies are examined based on qualitative research and data collected from interviews and field observations. The Māori case studies put forward demonstrate the potential for these emerging geographies to develop wherever Indigeneity and cities engage and interpenetrate one another. A core argument presented is that the materiality of the city (e.g., land, territory, space, place, built environments) are at the core of Indigenous decolonizing struggles.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41769594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From French Guiana to Brazil: Entanglements, Migrations and Demarcations of the Kaliña","authors":"Fabio Santos","doi":"10.4000/eps.9727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.9727","url":null,"abstract":"This article sheds light on the indigenous Kalina in the French-Brazilian borderland. By combining existing historical anthropological work with new ethnographic perspectives from three Kalina women living in northern Brazil, this article shows that a web of multiple factors led to this Kalina group’s relocation from French Guiana to Brazil in the 1950s. Historical discriminations—including the exploitation and exoticization of Kalina members in ‘human zoos’ in the late 19th century—and a push for assimilation in the aftermath of French Guiana’s ‘departementalisation’ are hitherto underexplored reasons behind this migration, which resulted in the demarcation of an indigenous territory on the Brazilian side of the Oyapock River in 1982. By privileging female perspectives, this chapter also points to the centrality of gender within entangled inequalities which the Kalina in the French-Brazilian borderland were confronted with in the past and in the present.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48040932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settler-Colonial Spatial Logics and Indigenous internal (non)Migration in Australia","authors":"Sarah Prout Quicke","doi":"10.4000/eps.9838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.9838","url":null,"abstract":"In Australia, the nebulous concept of ‘remoteness’ is central to Indigenous Affairs social policy. An enduring settler-colonial spatial imaginary positions remote Australia as simultaneously both the heartland of authentic Indigeneity, and a wicked policy problem. Over the last 50 years, the small Indigenous communities that predominate in remote Australia have been cyclically and discursively positioned as essentially parasitic: economically unproductive (in a neoliberal market sense), socially dysfunctional, and a consequent drain on government social spending. The state argues that continued investment in essential infrastructure and services in these small communities is not sustainable. The complex and important historical geographies of spatial and procedural justice that produce such renderings demand their own careful analysis and critique. The task of this paper, however, is to critically consider the preferred policy “solution” to the perceived predicament of governing Indigenous remoteness. Specifically, there are tacit, and largely untested, assumptions within Australian public praxis that greater Indigenous migration from small remote and rural communities to larger towns and cities, as a means of increasing Indigenous education and employment outcomes, will more or less automatically resolve this wicked policy problem. The empirical data presented in this paper suggest that the Indigenous Australian population is probably experiencing an urban transition at a similar rate to many more rurally-based societies in Asia and Africa. However, the context, regulation, management, experience and outcomes of remote/rural-urban migration are arguably vastly different in settler-states such as Australia than in low- and middle-income countries and not necessarily always aligned with State social policy objectives. This paper therefore considers alternative approaches to geographical theorising about Indigenous migration. In particular it returns to Mabogunje’s [1970] systems theory of rural-urban migration which is attentive to the specifics of both the wider economic, socio-cultural and political environment within migration occurs, as well as migrant agency, logics, decision-making processes and outcomes. This facilitates a move beyond what Kukutai and Taylor [2012] refer to as conventional ‘postcolonial demography’, to explore how we might engage in decolonising scholarship of Indigenous migration decisions, categories, experiences and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70122670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le lien logement-population à l’échelle locale. II – Caractéristiques des logements et composition par âge des populations","authors":"Jean-François Léger","doi":"10.4000/eps.10207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.10207","url":null,"abstract":"Le 1er dossier consacre au lien logement-population a l’echelle locale [EPS 2019-3] a detaille la relation forte entre les caracteristiques d’un parc de logements et le nombre d’habitants qui l’occupent. Ce « rendement demographique » des logements [Leger, 2020] est en fait la consequence des caracteristiques demographiques des populations qui occupent chaque categorie de logement. « Dis-moi quelle est la composition du parc de logements, je te dirai quelle est la composition demographique de...","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43538616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical issues on identification, visibility and recognition of Indigenous populations","authors":"Bastien Sepúlveda, É. Glon, F. Dumont","doi":"10.4000/eps.10257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.10257","url":null,"abstract":"Indigeneity—the character of being indigenous to or having been formed in a specific place—has been elevated to a political category of action used by certain populations, thenceforth defined as “Indigenous”, to reclaim part or all of the lands they have been excluded from by progressive despoiling throughout the course of history. In proclaiming themselves Indigenous, these populations are first and foremost claiming historical precedence within a given area, thereby legitimizing the right o...","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, visibilité et reconnaissance des populations autochtones : quels enjeux géographiques ?","authors":"Bastien Sepúlveda, É. Glon, F. Dumont","doi":"10.4000/EPS.10246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPS.10246","url":null,"abstract":"Dans la continuite du numero publie en 2012 sur la thematique « Les peuples autochtones. Une approche geographique des autochtonies ? » (2012-1), la revue Espace Populations Societes souhaite inviter les auteur(e)s interesse(e)s a reflechir aux enjeux geographiques que soulevent les questions d’identification, de visibilite et de reconnaissance des populations autochtones. L’autochtonie, qui caracterise initialement ce qui est originaire d’un lieu donne ou se forme sur place, a ete erigee en ...","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking about Indigeneity with Respect to Time and Space: Reflections from Southeast Asia","authors":"I. Baird","doi":"10.4000/eps.9628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/eps.9628","url":null,"abstract":"Most people take it for granted that it is relatively easy to determine who is Indigenous and who is not. Indeed, in the Americas and Oceania, where a lot of settler colonialism occurred, Indigenous peoples are generally considered to be the descendants of those who inhabited these spaces prior to the arrival of white settlers. In Southeast Asia, however, there was plenty of European colonialism, but much less white settler colonization. This has made the question of “who is Indigenous” much more difficult to answer, and politically contested, as both ethnic minority and majority populations are able to credibly claim that they are “Indigenous” to where they live. Indicative of the contested nature of the issue, and following what has come to be known as the ‘salt-water theory’, most states in Southeast Asia stipulate that their populations are either all Indigenous, or that there are no Indigenous peoples within their borders. Yet new globalized conceptions of indigeneity are circulating, hybridizing and taking hold, albeit unevenly. Crucially, Indigenous peoples are now increasingly being conceptualized as “colonized peoples” rather than simply “first peoples”, thus partially uncoupling indigeneity from space and time. In this paper, I contend that relational ideas associated with indigeneity are perpetually changing and are best considered through the lens of time and space, concepts that serve as the foundation for assertions related to who is Indigenous and who is not.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43964457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}