Espaces-Populations-Societes最新文献_第7页

Rethinking urban form in a shrinking Arctic city 在不断缩小的北极城市中重新思考城市形态

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Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.10630

M. Gunko, E. Batunova, A. Medvedev

{"title":"Rethinking urban form in a shrinking Arctic city","authors":"M. Gunko, E. Batunova, A. Medvedev","doi":"10.4000/EPS.10630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPS.10630","url":null,"abstract":"Shrinking cities – places which need to ‘narrow down’ the too spacious settings – pose challenges to the mainstream urban planning which naturalizes growth and direct approaches advocating it. While shrinking cities are located worldwide, responses to the phenomenon are place-specific depending on the knowledge and resources of decision-makers, as well as the discourses of the desired spatial development. In this sense, it is still not precisely clear why and how urban planning changes under conditions of shrinkage. Since the beginning of the 1990s, many Russian cities began to lose population. Excluding the oil and gas provinces, the Russian Arctic has become a ‘showcase’ of the country’s population exodus. Our contribution is based on empirical evidence from Vorkuta (Komi Republic, Russia) an Arctic city with around 54 thousand people which is among the fastest shrinking cities of the country. Due to the simultaneous need for improving housing conditions, dealing with negative physical effects of shrinkage, and high maintenance costs of housing and infrastructure the local stakeholders had to come up with a new approach toward planning – the so-called ‘controlled shrinkage’ that helped reduce sprawl and fragmentation.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41259347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Alain TARRIUS s/d, coll. Lamia MISSAOUI, Fatima QACHA. Naissance d’un peuple européen nomade. La route cosmopolite de la mondialisation par le bas de la Turquie au Maroc par les Balkans et le Levant ibérique Alain TARRIUS s/d, coll Lamia MISSAOUI, Fatima QACHA。欧洲游牧民族的诞生。全球化的国际化之路，从土耳其到摩洛哥，途经巴尔干半岛和伊比利亚半岛

IF 0.2

Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.11286

O. Bernet

引用次数: 0

Ter Minassian T. (2017). Norilsk : l’architecture au goulag

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Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.11255

Guénola Inizan

引用次数: 0

The development of Kangiqsualujjuaq and the threat of snow avalanches in a permafrost degradation context, Nunavik, Canada Kangiqsualujjuaq的发展和永久冻土退化背景下雪崩的威胁，加拿大努纳维克

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Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.10497

A. Decaulne, N. Bhiry, Janie Faucher-Roy, Clara Pelletier Boily

{"title":"The development of Kangiqsualujjuaq and the threat of snow avalanches in a permafrost degradation context, Nunavik, Canada","authors":"A. Decaulne, N. Bhiry, Janie Faucher-Roy, Clara Pelletier Boily","doi":"10.4000/EPS.10497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPS.10497","url":null,"abstract":"Slope processes are active in the rolling plateau landscapes of Nunavik, Northern Quebec, Canada. There are a few short but very steep escarpments in this region. On January 1st, 1999 a powerful snow avalanche struck Kangiqsualujjuaq, one of the 14 Inuit villages in Nunavik. Nine people died and 25 were injured. This village and its surrounding are located within a glacial valley, in a periglacial environment. There is significant population growth, as well as in the other villages in Nunavik. As early as 1999-2000, there was a significant spatial reorganization of the village's infrastructures to avoid the impact of other snow-avalanche events. The main objective of this paper is to examine the village expansion in response to snow-avalanche process and population growth, within an area constrained with permafrost thawing and steep slopes. From naturalist geomorphologic methods, written sources such as archive documents and aerial photographs, the results show that slopes above Kangiqsualujjuaq are prone to release snow avalanches during blizzards from uncommon directions, and that the newly built housing may be at risk in some places, due to the conjunction of snow avalanches and permafrost thawing.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44681668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migration processes in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) 萨哈共和国(雅库特)的移民过程

IF 0.2

Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.10352

S. Sukneva

引用次数: 2

Is the Arctic really a frontier? Settlement dynamics within various Arctic Limits based on the Arcticapolis geohistorical database 北极真的是一个边疆吗？基于Arcticapolis地质历史数据库的不同北极界限内的定居动态

IF 0.2

Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.10277

Yvette Vaguet, Chanvoleak Ourng, F. Moriconi-ebrard

{"title":"Is the Arctic really a frontier? Settlement dynamics within various Arctic Limits based on the Arcticapolis geohistorical database","authors":"Yvette Vaguet, Chanvoleak Ourng, F. Moriconi-ebrard","doi":"10.4000/EPS.10277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPS.10277","url":null,"abstract":"En depit d'un environnement extreme, d'un acces souvent tres difficile et d'une population dispersee, l'Arctique fournit des ressources naturelles pour le marche mondial. Sur une superficie immense, entre ecoumene et ereme vivent 4 millions d'habitants. Toutefois, ce total necessite une premiere clarification compte tenu de la myriade de limites de l'Arctique qui font mecaniquement varier la population boreale. Par ailleurs, le rechauffement climatique semble offrir de nouveaux potentiels de developpements en arctique et sa mediatisation suscite une certaine effervescence, multipliant les references au terme de frontier, dans son acception de front pionnier. Ce concept applique aux hautes latitudes est ici mis a l'epreuve avec l'appui de la nouvelle base geohistorique de peuplement des pays circumpolaires, Arcticapolis dont les enjeux methodologiques sont importants. Globalement, la population boreale diminue legerement, quasiment dans toutes les limites proposees. Ceci s'oppose a la conceptualisation de la zone boreale comme front pionnier ce qui requiert un changement quantitatif rapide. Finalement, Arcticapolis autorise un bilan du peuplement boreal a un niveau fin. La conquete du Nord reste sujette a caution et spatialement heterogene. Ainsi, la tendance generale a l'urbanisation n'implique pas pour autant que toutes les villes gagnent des residents ni que tous les villages en perdent. Cette recherche met en perspective des poles de croissance et de declin, ainsi que des phenomenes de littoralisation. Au total, il existe une grande variete des dynamiques de peuplements des marges boreales.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49204217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Les parcs nationaux du Nunavik : une offre touristique au service des sociétés autochtones ? 努纳维克国家公园：为土著社会服务的旅游产品？

IF 0.2

Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.10760

Véronique Antomarchi, Fabienne Joliet, Laine Chanteloup

{"title":"Les parcs nationaux du Nunavik : une offre touristique au service des sociétés autochtones ?","authors":"Véronique Antomarchi, Fabienne Joliet, Laine Chanteloup","doi":"10.4000/EPS.10760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPS.10760","url":null,"abstract":"La creation de parcs nationaux contribue aujourd’hui a la promotion touristique des territoires arctiques, comme c’est le cas au Nunavik, region situee au Nord du Quebec. L’objectif majeur de ces espaces proteges repose tant sur le patrimoine naturel que constituent leurs paysages emblematiques que sur une invitation a leur frequentation raisonnee. Ce pari environnemental et touristique est au cœur des enjeux de developpement du Nunavik, qui, en raison de sa marginalite, n’est pas aussi attractif que d’autres territoires aux hautes latitudes. Toutefois, l’analyse poussee du reseau des parcs nationaux du Nunavik amene ici a repenser le concept lui-meme, en faisant preuve de conceptions originales en territoire autochtone. En s’interessant au processus de co-construction de ces hauts lieux de nature proteges entre l’administration quebecoise et les habitants (majoritairement Inuit et Cris) et en analysant ses differentes clienteles, cet article interroge comment et en quoi ces ecrins du Nunavik ont ete concus des leur mise en œuvre dans une double perspective originale : proteger la nature et devenir un levier de connaissance de la culture inuit, par et pour les Inuit.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49256071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transmissions culturelles au sein des familles et dans les espaces publics : cas des immigrés camerounais en France 家庭内部和公共空间的文化传播:以法国喀麦隆移民为例

IF 0.2

Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.11085

P. Kamdem, A. Ba

{"title":"Transmissions culturelles au sein des familles et dans les espaces publics : cas des immigrés camerounais en France","authors":"P. Kamdem, A. Ba","doi":"10.4000/EPS.11085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPS.11085","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article aborde la question des processus de transmission culturelle a l’œuvre dans les familles immigrees d’origine camerounaise et residant en region parisienne. En effet, figurant parmi les flux migratoires de plus en plus dynamiques ces dernieres decennies, les migrations camerounaises ont tendance a se renforcer en region parisienne ou elles ont deja inscrit un tropisme fort dans une perspective diasporique. A ce titre, quelques-uns des elements majeurs de cette construction diasporique resident dans la consolidation d’un tissu associatif « ethnique » d’une part, dans les strategies matrimoniales reposant sur une endogamie plus ou moins forte adoptee dans le but d’exercer un controle des processus de transmission culturelle dans les familles de migrants, d’autre part.Or, a bien observer ces familles, il semble de plus en plus se mettre en place un processus d’hybridation culturelle dont il convient de mieux cerner les effets des tenants et aboutissants en termes d’elements a risque de marginalisation autant en pays de depart (une citoyennete non aboutie a travers entre autres le rejet de la double nationalite) qu’en pays d’arrivee (discriminations diverses, effet de plafond de verre).","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70113124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformations of coastal arctic communities in the russian Far East: facts, thoughts and reflections 俄罗斯远东地区北极沿海社区的变迁：事实、思考与思考

IF 0.2

Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.10916

L. Pisareva

{"title":"Transformations of coastal arctic communities in the russian Far East: facts, thoughts and reflections","authors":"L. Pisareva","doi":"10.4000/EPS.10916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPS.10916","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results based on the data of the sociological studies undergone in 2018-2019 with the help of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the frames of the larger project “Transformations of socio-cultural image of indigenous people of the Arctic coast of Yakutia in the conditions of modernization: experience of interdisciplinary research”. It depicts the socio-economic environment that indigenous population of remote Coastal territories of Russian Eastern Arctic is bound to in their everyday life. The sociological survey was conducted in four settlements situated at the Arctic shore of Yakutia. The conclusions are made concerning the influence of modernization on the lifestyle of indigenous population (mostly Evens and Evenks) through different periods of the history (Preindustrial, Industrial, Postmodern). There was done an attempt to foresee the future development of Coastal Arctic as the tendency based on past and contemporary situation. Historic and contemporary data showed that modernization causing the loss of some elements of traditional lifestyle did not necessarily lead to the extinction of ethnic culture. The strong factor of cultural sustainability is environmental. Arctic indigenous people are tied to the place of birth. Arctic environment ensures continuality of traditional values.","PeriodicalId":42202,"journal":{"name":"Espaces-Populations-Societes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Éditorial : Espaces et sociétés arctiques 社论：北极空间与社会

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Espaces-Populations-Societes Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.4000/EPS.11322

L. C. D. Lille, Yvette Vaguet

引用次数: 0