Diffusion of Innovation eJournal最新文献_第3页

Knowledge Spillovers and Their Impact on Innovation Success - A New Approach Using Patent Backward Citations 知识溢出及其对创新成功的影响——基于专利逆向引用的新方法

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-10-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2861779

Spyros Arvanitis, Florian Seliger, Martin Wörter

{"title":"Knowledge Spillovers and Their Impact on Innovation Success - A New Approach Using Patent Backward Citations","authors":"Spyros Arvanitis, Florian Seliger, Martin Wörter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2861779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2861779","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new patent-based measure of knowledge spillovers that calculates technological proximity based on firms that were identified via patent backward citations links. We argue that this measure has a couple of advantages as compared to the 'standard' measure proposed by Jaffe: First, it reflects spillovers from both domestic and foreign technologically 'relevant' firms, second, it is more precise because it only takes into account knowledge relations with technologically 'relevant' firms. Our empirical results indeed show that the measure performs better than the standard measure in an innovation model. We find - for a representative sample of Swiss firms - that knowledge spillovers measured in this way have a positive and significant impact on innovation success. However, the knowledge spillovers appear to be localized: Spillovers from geographically distant areas such as the USA and Japan matter less than spillovers from near destinations such as Europe and particularly Switzerland itself. Moreover, the spillover effect on innovation performance decreases with increasing number of competitors on the main product market so that this effect would appear only in niche markets or oligopolistic market structures. However, an additional effect of competition can only be detected for more radical innovation success.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128370515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

What Determines International and Inter-Sectoral Knowledge Flows? The Impact of Absorptive Capacity, Technological Distance and Spillovers 什么决定了国际和部门间的知识流动?吸收能力、技术距离与溢出效应的影响

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2861801

Florian Seliger

{"title":"What Determines International and Inter-Sectoral Knowledge Flows? The Impact of Absorptive Capacity, Technological Distance and Spillovers","authors":"Florian Seliger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2861801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2861801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies determinants of knowledge flows as measured with patent forward citations that occur between 'input' and 'output sector-countries'. We look at the impact of absorptive capacity of a focal sector-country, knowledge spillovers and technological distance between sector-countries on further knowledge flows. For this purpose, we develop a knowledge flow matrix similar to input-output tables in trade where patent citations capture knowledge flows that go from the input sector-country to the output sector-country. We estimate a gravity model with variables that capture technological distance and knowledge that comes from either inside the input output pair or from external spillover sources. Our results indicate that knowledge accumulated in the output sector-country and - in some cases - external spillovers are key in generating further knowledge flows that go to the output sector-country. A distinction between high-tech and low-tech sector-countries shows that spillovers are more useful for the generation of knowledge flows if the input sector-country is low-tech. Low-tech sector-countries benefit from both high-tech knowledge from the output sector-country and external knowledge from the technological frontier. In contrast, knowledge flows based on high-tech sector-countries cannot benefit from low-tech sector-countries and only to a very limited extent from other high-tech sources. Technological distance between sector-countries has a negative impact on further knowledge flows so that only technologically proximate sector-countries are more likely to generate knowledge flows.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114285192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Giant Cluster Emergence and Functionality in Social Systems

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2348529

Sungyong Chang, Jehong Lee, Jaeyong Song

{"title":"Giant Cluster Emergence and Functionality in Social Systems","authors":"Sungyong Chang, Jehong Lee, Jaeyong Song","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2348529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2348529","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of a giant cluster, in which bits and pieces of otherwise unconnected parts of a system come together, has been extensively studied in nonsocial contexts. This phenomenon has attracted substantial attention because it allows researchers to understand and predict the collective behavior of a system. In this paper, we formalize the emergence and functionality of a giant cluster within a social system. It has been well established that giant clusters can easily emerge in systems with few triads and abundant bridges. However, studies have shown that social networks are characterized by abundant triads and a limited number of bridges. This finding implies that people are more likely to interact with others and form ties within a common shared context. The finding also suggests that it is costly for people to cross the boundaries of their own social circle and to build bridges connecting to the outside world. A question is whether a giant cluster can also emerge even under these seemingly unfavorable conditions. In our paper, we develop simple models to address this question. Our models reveal that even if bridges constitute only a tiny fraction of the ties in a system, a giant cluster can emerge. Furthermore, we find that giant clusters in systems with a limited number of bridges are more conducive to innovation than giant clusters with abundant bridges, which tend to stifle knowledge creation.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123212759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Technology Diffusion and Currency Carry Trades 技术扩散与货币套息交易

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-05-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2702477

I. Filippou

引用次数: 0

Personality, Gender, and Age as Predictors of Media Richness Preference 人格、性别和年龄作为媒介丰富度偏好的预测因子

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2015-10-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2677460

David R. Dunaetz, T. Lisk, M. Shin

引用次数: 23

Peer Effects and Social Network: The Case of Rural Diffusion in Central China 同伴效应与社会网络:以中部地区农村扩散为例

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2669302

Hang Xiong, D. Payne, Stephen Kinsella

引用次数: 1

University Research, Commercialisation and Knowledge Exchange in the UK: An Econometric Analysis of the Determinants and Inter-Linkages 英国大学研究、商业化和知识交流:决定因素和相互联系的计量经济学分析

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2015-07-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2627794

A. Sengupta, A. Ray

引用次数: 4

How Misleading Scholarship Contorted an Individual Inventors' Story of Virtuous Patent Enforcement into a 'Patent Troll' Fable 误导性学术是如何将个人发明人的专利执法良性故事扭曲成“专利流氓”寓言的

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2015-03-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2583330

R. D. Katznelson

{"title":"How Misleading Scholarship Contorted an Individual Inventors' Story of Virtuous Patent Enforcement into a 'Patent Troll' Fable","authors":"R. D. Katznelson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2583330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2583330","url":null,"abstract":"In the widely publicized campaign to curb purported “patent troll�? litigation abuses, there are many anecdotal stories on non-practicing entities’ (“NPE�?) alleged abusive patent assertions. In view of the paucity of accurate accounts of the real stories behind these “patent troll�? stories, this paper exposes the machinery used to manufacture one of these fictional “patent troll�? fables — profoundly misleading scholarship. The real circumstances of two independent inventors’ virtuous patent licensing and enforcement efforts in the medical imaging industry are presented; including their ultimate partnering with an established NPE to license more than a dozen accused infringing companies. Unfortunately, this story was retold under the “patent troll�? narrative in a misleading scholarly article purporting to document a cessation of new medical imaging product introductions and reduction of sales by the accused companies after they were sued. The article argues that the patent litigation caused significant reduction of incremental innovation. Through the detailed examination of the article and the facts of the case, it is shown here that the article’s biased analysis, omission of critical highly relevant data, use of inappropriate and biased controls, and speculative legal and business counterfactuals led to erroneous inferences, fully invalidating its conclusions.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129014274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disruptive Technology and Securities Regulation 颠覆性技术与证券监管

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2015-01-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2546930

C. Brummer

{"title":"Disruptive Technology and Securities Regulation","authors":"C. Brummer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2546930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2546930","url":null,"abstract":"Nowhere has disruptive technology had a more profound impact than in financial services — and yet nowhere more do academics and policymakers lack a coherent theory of the phenomenon, much less a coherent set of regulatory prescriptions. Part of the challenge lies in the varied channels through which innovation upends market practices. Problems also lurk in the popular assumption that securities regulation operates against the backdrop of stable market gatekeepers like exchanges, broker-dealers and clearing systems — a fact scenario increasingly out of sync in 21st century capital markets. This Article explains how technological innovation not only “disrupts” capital markets — but also the exercise of regulatory supervision and oversight. It provides the first theoretical account tracking the migration of technology across multiple domains of today’s securities infrastructure and argues that an array of technological innovations are facilitating what can be understood as the disintermediation of the traditional gatekeepers that regulatory authorities have relied on (and regulated) since the 1930s for investor protection and market integrity. Effective securities regulation will thus have to be upgraded to account for a computerized (and often virtual) market microstructure that is subject to accelerating change. To provide context, the paper examines two key sources of disruptive innovation: 1) the automated financial services that are transforming the meaning and operation of market liquidity and 2) the private markets — specifically, the dark pools, ECNs, 144A trading platforms, and crowdfunding websites — that are creating an ever-expanding array of alternatives for both securities issuances and trading.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"2015 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114124984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Serendipity 意外的惊喜

Diffusion of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2015-01-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2545515

B. Sampat

引用次数: 0