{"title":"Using External Knowledge to Improve Organizational Innovativeness: Understanding the Knowledge Leveraging Process","authors":"Xinchun Wang, D. Arnett, Limin Hou","doi":"10.1108/JBIM-04-2014-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-04-2014-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations struggle constantly to develop competitive advantages over rivals because advantages are often short-lived. As a result, the marketplace is in a constant state of change. To be successful in this environment, managers must find ways to innovate – again and again. That is, they must continually introduce new processes, products, or ideas to the organization. However, the question is, “How can organizations continue to be innovative?” Innovation requires companies to develop new knowledge and expertise. Yet, many organizations find it difficult to acquire the necessary capabilities on their own. Consequently, many of them turn to partners for assistance. In order to have a better understanding of this process, this study proposes a knowledge leveraging process model, which hypothesizes (1) joint sensemaking is a key antecedent to both explicit and tacit knowledge exchange, (2) a dual role for explicit knowledge exchange (i.e., as an antecedent of both tacit knowledge exchange and absorptive capacity), and (3) absorptive capacity is a key mediator between knowledge exchange (both explicit and tacit) and organizational innovativeness. Using survey data gathered from over 230 Chinese companies, the results suggest key roles for both joint sensemaking and absorptive capacity in the knowledge exchange process. In addition, our findings provide evidence regarding the interplay between explicit and tacit knowledge exchange and their role in the leveraging process. The study increases our understanding of how organizations leverage external knowledge to improve organizational innovativeness. In addition, it provides specific guidance for managers interested in leveraging external knowledge.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of Spatial Setting and Socioeconomic Profile in Urban Areas in the Diffusion of Residential Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"Marcello Graziano, Carol Atkinson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2617614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2617614","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years Connecticut has been one of the most active jurisdictions to support the adoption of residential photovoltaic systems (PV). The distribution of PV is still quite uneven across the state because of the combination of metering policies and current incentive design, (Graziano and Gillingham, 2014). In the present work, we focus on the different profiles of adopters within four towns in Connecticut. We draw from the previous studies of Graziano and Gillingham (2014), and Bollinger and Gillingham (2012) to understand the role of the jurisdictional and built environment in the adoption of PV systems, through their effect on other socioeconomic drivers such as spatial peer effects. We use partition our four towns in to block groups, and conduct a typology analysis of the block groups with higher adoption rates of PV systems in 2013. We find that the profile of the potential adopters changes between towns, with Hartford and Glastonbury providing two quite interesting conflicting results in terms of area geography and socioeconomic status. In addition, we use the area-wide profile to understand how this matches the findings provided by empirical estimations based on Graziano and Gillingham (2014), for which we use more refined density values. We find that the built environment affects the diffusion of PV systems indirectly, as it limits the temporal and distance extent of spatial peer effects.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cross-Category Analysis of Dispositional Drivers of Technology Adoption","authors":"M. Ratchford, B. Ratchford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2474908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2474908","url":null,"abstract":"We study technology adoption patterns by examining how dispositional attitudes, as individual characteristics, combine to influence adoption across a varied range of consumer and self-service technologies. Using the Technology Adoption Propensity (TAP) index, a psychometric scale that measures four dimensions of consumers’ technological predispositions, our results indicate that feeling proficient in one’s ability to learn how to use technology has the largest effect on adoption across offerings, whether relatively low-tech or high-tech. We further show that the positive effect of felt proficiency and the negative effect of a sense of vulnerability conferred by technology appear to diminish as an offering matures. Across product categories, about 11% of our sample exhibits a relatively high probability of adopting all cross-category technological offerings. This group is characterized by a high level of felt proficiency and they adopt new technologies sooner than other groups.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127123512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Intensive Margin of Technology Adoption - Experimental Evidence on Improved Cooking Stoves in Rural Senegal","authors":"G. Bensch, J. Peters","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2473564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2473564","url":null,"abstract":"Today 2.6 billion people in developing countries rely on biomass as primary cooking fuel, with profound negative implications for their well-being. Improved biomass cooking stoves are alleged to counteract these adverse effects. This paper evaluates take-up and impacts of low-cost improved stoves through a randomized controlled trial. The randomized stove is primarily designed to curb firewood consumption but not smoke emissions. Nonetheless, we find considerable effects not only on firewood consumption, but also on smoke exposure and smoke-related disease symptoms - induced by behavioural changes at the intensive margin affecting outside cooking and cooking time due to the new stove.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127636362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Cohendet, D. Grandadam, Laurent Simon, Ignasi Capdevila
{"title":"Epistemic Communities, Localization and the Dynamics of Knowledge Creation","authors":"P. Cohendet, D. Grandadam, Laurent Simon, Ignasi Capdevila","doi":"10.1093/JEG/LBU018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JEG/LBU018","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to clarify how epistemic communities dynamically shape the process of knowledge creation in a localized context and how the evolving interaction between different members of these communities enables knowledge to transit from its locus of emergence to the global market. It is argued that these dynamics rest on a series of clashes between different frames of reference, which enables bits of knowledge to be progressively revealed, enhanced, nurtured, interpreted and enacted collectively.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132439801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peer Review of Social Science Research in Global Health: A View Through Correspondence Letters to 'The Lancet'","authors":"V. Fan, Rachel Silverman, D. Roodman, W. Savedoff","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2458524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2458524","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the interdisciplinary nature of global health has blurred the lines between medicine and social science. As medical journals publish non-experimental research articles on social policies or macro-level interventions, controversies have arisen when social scientists have criticized the rigor and quality of medical journal articles, raising general questions about the frequency and characteristics of methodological problems and the prevalence and severity of research bias and error. Published correspondence letters can be used to identify common areas of dispute within interdisciplinary global health research and seek strategies to address them. To some extent, these letters can be seen as a \"crowd-sourced\" (but editor-gated) approach to public peer review of published articles, from which some characteristics of bias and error can be gleaned. In December 2012, we used the online version of The Lancet to systematically identify relevant correspondence in each issue published between 2008 and 2012. We summarize and categorize common areas of dispute raised in these letters. The five concerns most frequently cited in correspondence letters are as follows: measurement error (51% of papers); omitted variables and confounding (45%); implausibility and lack of external validity (43%); missing or low-quality data (32%); and lack of transparency of methods (30%). We recommend better documentation of areas of potential bias with checklists and guidelines to facilitate more rigorous peer review, drawing on experts with econometric expertise as reviewers, and explicitly and thoroughly linking all correspondence letters to the original articles in The Lancet. Most importantly, we recommend The Lancet adopts the replication standard, whereby the data and the coding used to produce the estimates are provided at least to the journal, for reviewers to analyze and replicate the estimates reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134077652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technology Diffusion on the International Trade Network","authors":"Gary D. Ferrier, Javier Reyes, Zhenyan Zhu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2666742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2666742","url":null,"abstract":"Technological innovations generate knowledge spillovers—non-innovators benefit through the adoption, imitation, and extension of new technologies. International trade facilitates technology diffusion by providing importing countries access to technical knowledge that they can potentially internalize. Previous studies of the effect of trade on technology diffusion typically only consider the impact of direct (bilateral) trade on indirect measures of technology (e.g., total factor productivity). We contend that the analysis of trade's impact on technology diffusion would be more accurately assessed by using direct measures of specific technologies (e.g., intensity levels) and by allowing for the influence of both the direct and indirect effects of trade in the analysis. The latter is accomplished by modeling the international trade system as a weighted network, which quantifies both direct and indirect trade linkages. Combining trade data with data on the adoption of specific technologies, we find that the network effects of trade play a significant role in technology diffusion. In most cases, countries that are better-connected on the trade network have higher technology intensities. Further support for the importance of trade is provided by the finding that for “outdated” technologies, better-connected countries have lower technology intensities because of their adoption of newer, substitute technologies.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114507431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Mechanism of International Technology Diffusion for Energy Productivity Growth","authors":"W. Jin, Zhongxiang Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2428793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2428793","url":null,"abstract":"International diffusion of advanced environment and energy-related technologies has received much attention in recent environmental economics studies. As a much needed complement to the “black box” complex numerical modelling, this paper contributes to developing a simple, intuitive analytical framework to unveil the mechanism of international technology diffusion for energy productivity growth. We draw on the Solow growth model to build a benchmark exogenous framework to explore the basic mechanism of energy technology diffusion. This exogenous model is then extended to a Romer-type endogenous one where the R&D-induced expansion of energy technology varieties is used to represent the deep structure of technology diffusion. We show that the growth rates of energy productivity are the same across countries in the balanced growth path equilibrium, but the cross-country differences in the efficiency of foreign technology absorption and indigenous innovation lead to cross-country divergence in the levels of energy productivity. The economy that has a stronger capacity of assimilating foreign technology diffusion and undertaking indigenous innovation tends to gain a higher level of energy productivity.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127986556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collective Innovation in Open Source Hardware","authors":"Harris Kyriakou, J. Nickerson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2421332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2421332","url":null,"abstract":"A growing community that shares digital 3D designs has created an opportunity to study, encourage and stimulate innovation. This remix community allows people not only to prototype at a minimal cost but also to work on projects they are genuinely interested in (Acosta 2009; Dougherty 2012). Participants free of the limitations typically imposed by formal organizations develop products driven by their own interest.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129176170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Venture Capital and the Diffusion of Knowledge","authors":"Juanita González-Uribe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2405362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2405362","url":null,"abstract":"I estimate the impact of venture capital (VC) on knowledge diffusion by comparing patent citations before and after companies secure VC. I find that a patent's citations increase following VC financing, particularly those made by other companies also financed by the same VC investor. Instrumental variables estimates exploiting variation in the assets of pension funds that allocate capital to VC suggest a causal interpretation of the findings. I argue that by certifying commercial value, VC facilitates knowledge diffusion and thus generates an externality on innovation. The findings help explain why VC is more effective in stimulating innovation than corporate R&D.","PeriodicalId":421837,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion of Innovation eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128830319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}