Revue General de Droit最新文献

{"title":"Les relations entre l’État et le citoyen : évolution historique, situation actuelle et avenir","authors":"Roger Tassé","doi":"10.7202/1059306AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059306AR","url":null,"abstract":"La règle de common law voulant que la Couronne du chef du Canada bénéficie de l’immunité en matière délictuelle a été modifiée graduellement par la loi. En 1953, par la Loi sur la responsabilité de la Couronne, la Couronne est finalement devenue responsable en cas de négligence. Depuis lors, les comptes publics donnent une idée de l’importance des sommes payées et payables à ce titre. La Loi sur l’isolation à l’urée-formol est citée en exemple de l’importance des actions prises et des montants en jeu. Le domaine de la responsabilité publique pourrait cependant être encore plus clairement défini et mieux tenir compte des réalités d’aujourd’hui. Par exemple, des distinctions pourraient être établies entre les tâches de planification et les activités d’exécution de l’État, entre la faute de service et la faute personnelle.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46971694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Loi 101, la clause-Québec et la Charte canadienne devant la Cour suprême : un cas d’espèce ?","authors":"D. Proulx","doi":"10.7202/1059315AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059315AR","url":null,"abstract":"L’auteur analyse et critique l’affaire Procureur général du Québec c. Québec Association of Protestant School Boards (à paraître) rendue au cours de l’été 1984 par la Cour suprême du Canada. Cette affaire présente un double intérêt. D’une part, on y déclare que toutes les atteintes à la Charte canadienne des droits ne peuvent pas être légitimées par le biais de l’article 1 de celle-ci; les motifs qui amènent la Cour à exclure certains types de restriction de la portée de l’article 1 sont donc examinés attentivement et évalués. D’autre part, les positions peu conciliables qu’ont adoptées la Cour supérieure et la Cour suprême sur la nature individuelle ou collective des droits linguistiques de la minorité en milieu scolaire soulèvent des questions nouvelles dont l’auteur tente de cerner les implications juridiques.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47205440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plan de lotissement et droits acquis","authors":"J. Beaulne","doi":"10.7202/1059299AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059299AR","url":null,"abstract":"Le jugement de la Cour d’appel du Québec dans l’affaire Commission de protection du territoire agricole du Québec c. Ludger Rhéaume, démontre une fois de plus la rigueur de la Loi sur la protection du territoire agricole (L.R.Q., chap. P-41.1) en matière de droits acquis et de plan de lotissement.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44864016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les difficultés d’interprétation et d’application de la Loi sur la responsabilité de la Couronne ou les difficultés éprouvées par Sa Majesté à accéder au statut de personne majeure et capable","authors":"Grégoire Lehoux","doi":"10.7202/1059309AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059309AR","url":null,"abstract":"Plusieurs reprochent à la Loi sur la responsabilité de la Couronne de ne pas être adaptée aux réalités de l’Administration contemporaine. L’auteur soutient qu’une grande part de cette inadaptation est due non pas tant au texte lui-même de la loi qu’à la façon dont les cours de justice font interprété et appliqué. Il démontre en particulier que l’interprétation de certaines dispositions de la loi pourrait être rectifiée si on acceptait de donner plein effet à la règle voulant que, dans les limites prévues par cette loi, Sa Majesté doit être considérée comme un particulier majeur et capable.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46948593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA FIN D’UNE INTERMINABLE CONTROVERSE ? EXALTATION SANS RÉSERVE DE LA RÉSERVE DES TROIS CHAÎNES","authors":"Denis Vincelette","doi":"10.7202/1059344AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059344AR","url":null,"abstract":"Le problème juridique de la nature de la réserve des trois chaînes, concernant les concessions riveraines survenues entre 1884 et 1919, approche de son dénouement. Nous nous permettons à ce sujet une analyse critique de l’affaire du Procureur général de la Province de Québec c. Healy, tant en Cour supérieure ([1979] C.S. 286) qu’en Cour d’appel (arrêt à paraître).","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries: Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone, in Light of the Gulf of Maine Case, Canada v. U.S.A. (1984)","authors":"D. Pharand","doi":"10.7202/1059297AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059297AR","url":null,"abstract":"The international law applicable to maritime boundary delimitation is very imprecise and, consequently, decisions of international tribunals are of the utmost importance. The recent decision of a Chamber of the International Court of Justice in the Gulf of Maine Case, between Canada and the United States, makes a significant contribution to the development and clarification of the applicable law. The Chamber's judgment, which is considered as one rendered by the Court itself, clarifies the difference between principles and rules of international law, on the one hand, and equitable criteria and practical methods, on the other. Principles of law are limited to a few basic norms, such as the obligation to seek an agreement and, if one cannot be reached, to have recourse to third party procedure with a view to arriving at an equitable delimitation by taking all relevant circumstances into account. Equitable criteria, such as the geographical configuration of the area, and practical methods, such as that of equidistance, are numerous and vary with each concrete situation.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46762838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources du droit et règles applicables en matière de responsabilité extra-contractuelle au Québec","authors":"Jacques L'heureux","doi":"10.7202/1059313AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059313AR","url":null,"abstract":"L’auteur étudie, en premier lieu, le sens exact de l’article 356 du Code civil. Selon lui, cet article établit la règle que les corporations politiques, y compris les municipalités, sont régies par le droit public. Cette règle comporte, cependant, une exception : les corporations publiques sont régies par le droit civil, au sens donné à ce mot en droit français, dans leurs rapports sur des questions relevant du droit civil avec les personnes individuelles. Il y a une exception à l’exception : des dispositions législatives peuvent écarter l’application du droit civil.\u0000 L’auteur applique ensuite l’article 356 à la responsabilité extra-contractuelle des municipalités. Il arrive à la conclusion qu’en ce domaine, la règle est l’application du droit civil quant aux rapports entre les municipalités et les personnes individuelles. Les municipalités jouissent, cependant, d’une immunité en ce qui concerne leurs pouvoirs discrétionnaires de nature politique et leurs pouvoirs quasi judiciaires. L’auteur critique, toutefois, l’application automatique de l’immunité à ces derniers pouvoirs.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44777260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administrative Delicts: A Case Study in Unlawful Municipal Administration","authors":"J. Magnet","doi":"10.7202/1059314AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059314AR","url":null,"abstract":"Municipalities are prone to abuses of power by elected officials. The law books overflow with examples of municipal illegality. This threatens the rule of law.\u0000 Courts require sufficient remedial authority to maintain the rule of law. An adequate remedy would simultaneously correct the illegal situation, deter repetition, compensate those injured, channel public outrage and, in certain cases, allow supervision of corrupt governmental processes or officials.\u0000 To satisfy these requirements, a new head of liability is needed. Liability in damages should be imposed for intentional jurisdictional excess.\u0000 The developing doctrine of administrative delict would provide for damages for deliberate and malicious abuse of power. Damages for an intentional or negligent failure of an individual or administrative body to operate within jurisdiction should be available either against the individual in his personal capacity or against the administrative body.\u0000 Because many of the wrongs suffered as a result of the illegal use of power are intangible, exemplary damages should be readily available in an action for administrative delict. This remedy would also enable the courts to consider deterrence and breach of public trust in assessing the award.\u0000 It is the responsibility of administrative law to maintain a sense of orderliness in public administration. The theory of administrative delict needs doctrinal nourishment in order to restrain the abuses of authorities imbued with statutory power.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43542324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LES ENTENTES ADMINISTRATIVES EN MATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES","authors":"André Braën","doi":"10.7202/1059338AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059338AR","url":null,"abstract":"L’Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique confère au Parlement du Canada une compétence législative exclusive en matière de gestion et de conservation des pêcheries côtières et intérieures : cette compétence s’entend principalement de la gestion des ressources halieutiques et elle n’apparaît pas être absolue. En effet, il s’agit d’un pouvoir du Parlement dont l’exercice fut souvent contesté sur le plan judiciaire par les provinces; simplement parce qu’il met en cause le pouvoir fédéral exclusif de réglementer ce secteur, d’une part, et, d’autre part, les droits de propriété des provinces. C’est à la suite de décisions judiciaires sur le sujet que des ententes administratives ont été conclues entre les autorités fédérales et celles de quelques provinces. Règle générale, la conclusion de ces ententes a permis aux provinces qui en sont bénéficiaires d’appliquer certaines politiques en matière de gestion des pêcheries. Après un rappel des décisions judiciaires concernant l’étendue de la compétence fédérale en la matière et des droits provinciaux, l’auteur aborde l’étude du contenu de ces ententes ainsi que leur mécanisme d’application; l’étendue des pouvoirs délégués peut en effet varier d’une province à l’autre et l’auteur insiste particulièrement sur la spécificité de l’entente liant le Québec. Finalement, il s’interroge sur la validité des ententes actuelles sur un plan juridique.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47657785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jurisdiction, Illegality and Fault: An Unholy Trinity","authors":"R. Macdonald","doi":"10.7202/1059311AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059311AR","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between fault and ultra vires is one of the most difficult aspects of the law of Crown Liability. It sets clearly into relief the policy conflicts which arise when private law risk allocation regimes (the adversarial adjudicative imposition of liability rules grounded in a concept of corrective justice) are invoked to police the functioning of public law risk allocation regimes (the allocation through various non-adjudicative procedures of the benefit and burden according to a variety of conceptions of distributive justice).\u0000 The Crown Liability Act and article 94 of the Code of Civil Procedure both incorporate as against the Crown rules of private law delictual behaviour which were originally developed for regulating activity between private parties as such. They, therefore, compel courts to determine whether jurisdictional error per se constitutes fault.\u0000 The history of twentieth century attempts to reconcile ultra vires and fault is a history of the judicial search for boundary criteria between realms of public and private law. These boundaries have been, among others, a good faith test, functional criteria such as judicial and legislative immunity or immunity for planning functions, the notion of breach of statutory duty, and so on. Each of these attempts has ultimately be repulsed by the desire of litigants to recover against the Crown on the widest possible basis. Modern theories of jurisdiction being so all-embracing and modern conceptions of fault being so comprehensive, the courts are constantly being asked to develop an absolute equation between fault and ultra vires.\u0000 The paper concludes by exploring several options for harmonizing private law and public law risk allocation regimes. It recommends a restructuring of the Crown Liability Act so as (i) to permit recovery on a variety of no fault bases, (ii) to permit recovery even when intra vires acts have been undertaken (if these cause significant or disproportional damage) and (iii) to permit the immunization of certain governmental functions from private law liability even when the decisions in question have been taken in an ultra vires fashion.","PeriodicalId":42153,"journal":{"name":"Revue General de Droit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48658200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}