Tocqueville Review最新文献

{"title":"Comprendre \"L'homme qui comprit la démocratie\": Table ronde autour de l'ouvrage d'Olivier Zunz","authors":"Alexia Blin","doi":"10.3138/ttr.43.2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.2.231","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Ce texte propose un résumé analytique des interventions de la table ronde organisée en juin 2022 dans les locaux de l'université Columbia à Paris, autour du livre d'Olivier Zunz, Tocqueville, l'homme qui comprit la démocratie (paru en avril 2022). Il reprend les principales remarques des quatre intervenants de la table ronde – Françoise Mélonio et Arthur Goldhammer, tous deux spécialistes de Tocqueville, et Laurence Cossu-Beaumont et Thomas Dodman, historiens de la période contemporaine – ainsi que les réponses de l'auteur à ces remarques. Le compte rendu développe quatre grands thèmes abordés lors de la rencontre : la difficulté de mêler les destins intellectuel et politique de Tocqueville dans le cadre de la biographie ; l'importance du voyage aux États-Unis au début des années 1830 dans son parcours ; la signification théorique et les modalités pratiques du choix de Tocqueville en faveur de la démocratie à l'issue de ce voyage ; et enfin la question des angles morts et des contradictions de l'auteur de De la démocratie en Amérique, tels qu'ils apparaissent dans l'ouvrage d'O. Zunz.Abstract:This text offers an analytical summary of the roundtable organized in June 2022 at Columbia University in Paris, around Olivier Zunz's book, The Man Who Understood Democracy. The Life of Alexis de Tocqueville (published in 2022, Princeton University Press). It includes the main remarks of the four panelists – Françoise Mélonio and Arthur Goldhammer, both Tocqueville scholars, and Laurence Cossu-Beaumont and Thomas Dodman, historians of the contemporary period – as well as the author's responses to these remarks. The account elaborates on the four main themes discussed during the roundtable: the difficulty of capturing both Tocqueville's intellectual and political destinies within the framework of the biography; the importance of the trip to the United States in the early 1830s in his career; the theoretical significance and practical modalities of Tocqueville's choice in favor of democracy after this trip; and finally, the question of Tocqueville's blind spots and contradictions as they appear in O. Zunz's book.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"231 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42225004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Democracy of the Spectacle","authors":"Arthur Goldhammer","doi":"10.3138/ttr.43.2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.2.207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Tocqueville envisioned any number of ways in which democracy might succumb to tyranny and sought to imagine social processes and institutions that might mitigate this threat. Among these was participation in local government, which he saw as a way of teaching humility and moderating political passions with the potential to undermine democracy. But the importance of local government has diminished as the scale of democratic polities has increased and as changes in the media landscape have given rise to a \"democracy of the spectacle\" in which identification with the executive who incarnates the central government has supplanted engagement with local issues. What do these changes imply for Tocqueville's view of democratic stability?","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"207 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48103614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qu'est-ce qu'une Europe juste ? Dialogue avec John Rawls","authors":"Philippe van Parijs","doi":"10.3138/ttr.43.1.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.1.89","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Comment concevoir la justice au sein de cette entité politique sui generis qu'est l'Union européenne ? John Rawls traite de cette question dans une longue lettre rédigée en 1998. La conception égalitaire qu'il présente dans sa Théorie de la justice ne peut à ses yeux s'appliquer qu'au sein d'un peuple, et l'Union européenne n'en est pas un au sens où il l'entend. Au niveau européen, les obligations de justice distributive se réduisent donc aux obligations entre peuples que Rawls énonce dans The Law of Peoples : un devoir d'aide à certains États membres au cas où ils seraient trop peu développés pour pouvoir se doter d'institutions internes justes et le respect des termes équitables de formes de coopération mutuellement bénéfiques auquel chaque État membre est libre d'adhérer.Mais la notion de « peuple » est-elle suffisamment robuste pour fonder cette conception duale de la justice ? N'est-il pas plus plausible de conditionner la pertinence d'une conception égalitaire de la justice, comme le fait Thomas Nagel, non à l'existence d'un peuple au sens de Rawls, mais à celle d'une communauté politique de citoyens à la fois auteurs et sujets de règles coercitives—une condition que l'Union européenne satisfait de plus en plus ? Et n'est-il pas plus plausible encore d'admettre que la justice sociale égalitaire aujourd'hui ne peut se penser qu'à l'échelle globale, l'Union européenne constituant alors un effort régional pour construire les institutions que la justice requiert à l'échelle globale ? Dans l'une ou l'autre de ces perspectives, la poursuite de l'intégration politique européenne se justifie.En outre, dès le moment où l'on admet l'irréversibilité du marché unique, n'est-ce pas même dans la perspective duale de Rawls qu'il faut souhaiter la poursuite de cette intégration ? En son absence, en effet, l'Union européenne s'enfoncera dans le piège décrit dès 1939 par Friedrich Hayek : une fédération cumulant les obstacles économiques à la poursuite de la justice au niveau national et les obstacles politiques à sa poursuite au niveau de l'Union. La sévère mise en garde de Rawls contre la transformation de l'Union européenne en un État fédéral ressemblant aux États-Unis ne doit donc pas nous empêcher d'œuvrer au service d'une utopie réaliste libérale-égalitaire très différente de la sienne. Au contraire.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"124 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45281122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Great Books Serve the Common Good? Tocqueville on Aristocratic Education in a Democratic Age","authors":"Luke Foster","doi":"10.3138/ttr.43.1.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.1.181","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article engages two established modes of analyzing Tocqueville's theory in Democracy in America—the institutionalism of Volume 1 and the \"art of association\" of Volume 2—to argue for the importance of a Platonic theme in Tocqueville, that of education for leadership. After establishing why Tocqueville argues that democracy struggles to cultivate quality leadership, the article turns to examining one proposed solution: education in the classical humanities. Tocqueville's argument for this pedagogy is overtly aristocratic, in contrast to many contemporary arguments for liberal education. Following this logic carefully permits us to understand another aspect of Tocqueville's characteristic effort to incorporate aristocratic elements into democratic society and challenges us to reconsider our own role as educators.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"181 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41893296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remembering Rawls*","authors":"Michael J. Sandel","doi":"10.3138/ttr.43.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A few days after the death of John Rawls in 2002, Michael Sandel published this tribute to the author of A Theory of Justice. In particular, he reminds us that Rawls revived political theory by showing that it was possible to argue rationally about justice, rights, and political obligation. According to Rawls's liberal egalitarianism rights cannot be based on utilitarian principles. This break point inspired a new generation to take up classic questions of morality and politics.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"17 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48290144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justice Between Individuals: John Rawls and the Demands of Political Liberalism","authors":"Thomas Ferretti","doi":"10.3138/ttr.43.1.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.1.147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstarct:John Rawls proposed A Theory of Justice (1971) aiming at building consensus in democratic societies. In the middle of the Cold War, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights movement, while Americans were strongly divided, Rawls' political liberalism offered a method to build political agreement between people with different and conflicting values and interests, to preserve peace and other benefits of stable social cooperation. Fifty years on, while authors like Katrina Forrester (2019 a, b) suggest moving on from the ideal of political consensus, other voices such as Catherine Audard (2019) remind us of the relevance of public reason in a world full of divisions. This paper builds a dialogue between these two influential authors to assess the legacy and relevance of Rawls' political philosophy today.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"147 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44149810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Rawls and \"Our Tradition\" of Democracy","authors":"James T. Kloppenberg","doi":"10.3138/ttr.43.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The notion of a clear distinction between Rawls's liberalism and social democracy rests on a caricatured conception of the liberal tradition and Rawls's place in it. From Rousseau, John Adams, and Madison through Tocqueville to Dewey, notable political theorists have sought to balance the two principles at the core of Rawls's A Theory of Justice. In this essay I sketch the ways in which American thinkers and activists escaped the cages in which commentators have tried to confine them, not only the false binary between liberalism and democratic socialism but also that between secularism and religious belief. As Rawls himself tried to make clear in his later writing, his ideal of justice drew from earlier theorists who understood the constitutive role of social interaction and inherited traditions, and he envisioned a society with room for people animated by comprehensive philosophical and religious ideas not shared by everyone else. Rawls's political liberalism, historicist as well as pluralist, was attuned as much to the threat inequality poses to freedom as to the endangered status of freedom in mass society. Rawls's ideas, especially as articulated in his book Justice as Fairness, remain a vital resource for social democrats who prize social and economic equality as well as individual liberty.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"21 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47363009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cambridge Companion to Democracy in America","authors":"T. Dodman","doi":"10.1017/9781316995761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316995761","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Review of the book The Cambridge Companion to Democracy in America by Richard Boyd (editor). Richard Boyd has assembled a team of seventeen specialists with a heavy bent towards political science. The volume comprises sixteen chapters divided into four parts: a first one that deals with sources and contexts to Tocqueville's masterwork; another that examines the book's reception and applications around the world; a third part that analyses discrete themes and formal aspects of the work itself; and a final section that brings Democracy in America to bear on contemporary challenges.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"241 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46176996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on Melvin Richter’s Tocqueville and the Two Napoleons","authors":"Cheryl B. Welch","doi":"10.3138/ttr.42.2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.42.2.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay explores the significance of Napoleon for contemporary history and public affairs by reflecting on the career of Melvin Richter (1921–2020) and his forthcoming Tocqueville and the Two Napoleons. Richter maintains that Tocqueville’s ever-deepening analysis of the Napoleonic model, a new and sinister form of the administrative state, achieved dystopian dimensions in his thought and serves as an important thread by which we can re-assess Tocqueville’s entire oeuvre and political career. The article argues that Tocqueville’s historical method, which takes center stage in Richter’s reconstruction of the way in which Tocqueville submits Napoleon to the discipline of history, continues to inspire, even as contemporary concerns shift away from the dangers of the administrative state. It also speculates that the mythical Napoleon who transcended time, a figure inevitably neglected in “Tocquevillian” histories but made compelling by a generation of romantic writers, is newly relevant in a world of mysterious affective attachments to populist leaders and the waves of expressive violence in which such attachments are enmeshed.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"29 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46640702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tocqueville, Napoleon, and History-Writing in a Democratic Age","authors":"D. A. Bell","doi":"10.3138/ttr.42.2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.42.2.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Democracy in America, Tocqueville posited a contrast between the way history is written in “aristocratic” and “democratic” ages. In the former, historians tend to assign great weight to the actions of individuals; in the latter, they privilege great impersonal forces that act upon the mass. The essay examines Tocqueville’s views of Napoleon Bonaparte in light of these reflections. It concludes that despite his occasional vulnerability to the lure of Napoleonic grandeur, and despite his own desire, as an aristocrat writing in a democratic age, to effect a synthesis of the two modes of historical writing, in the end he fundamentally viewed Napoleon’s actions as determined by the forces of democratic equality and revolution.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"43 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}