Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Estudio de validez y consistencia interna de una versión en español del test “reading the mind in the eyes” y propuesta de una versión breve.","authors":"M. B. López, M. C. Richaud","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/14.1.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/14.1.210","url":null,"abstract":"R E S U M E N Se presenta una adaptacion al espanol del test Reading the mind in the eyes (RME) para adultos, y estudios de validez y consistencia interna de la version adaptada y de una version breve del instrumento. El RME es un test avanzado de Teoria de la Mente, concebido para detectar dificultades leves a moderadas en esa habilidad, como las observadas en algunas personas con Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA).  Se entrevisto a 422 adultos, 19 de los cuales tenian diagnostico de TEA.  La entrevista contenia la version adaptada del RME, el Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10), dos dimensiones del Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), datos clinicos y socio-demograficos.  La consistencia interna del RME adaptado y de su version breve fueron α=0,62 y α=0,64, respectivamente.  Las puntuaciones en ambas versiones fueron significativamente superiores en poblacion sin diagnostico clinico.  El RME adaptado y su version breve mostraron correlaciones negativas con el AQ-10 y positivas con las dimensiones del IRI.  En conclusion, el instrumento adaptado y su version breve muestran evidencias de validez y podrian resultar utiles en el campo clinico y de investigacion. Palabras Clave: Teoria de la mente; Mentalizacion; Trastornos del Espectro Autista; Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; Adaptacion; Validacion; Version Breve. A B S T R A C T A Spanish adaptation of the Reading the mind in the eyes (RME) test for adults, and validity and internal consistency analysis of the adapted and a short version of this instrument are presented. The RME is an advanced Theory of Mind test, conceived to detect mild to moderate difficulties in that skill, such as those observed in some individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). 422 adults, 19 of whom had been diagnosed with ASD, were interviewed. The interview included the adapted RME, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10), two dimensions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), clinic and socio-demographic data. The internal consistency of the adapted RME and its short version were α=0.62 and α=0.64, respectively. Scores in both versions were significantly higher in population without clinical diagnosis. Adapted RME and its short version shows negative correlations with AQ-10, and positive correlations with the IRI dimensions. In conclusion, the adapted instrument and its short version show evidence of validity and could be useful in the clinical and research fields. Key words: Theory of mind; Mentalizing; Autistic Spectrum Disorders; Reading the mind in the eyes test; Adaptation; Validation; Brief Version. R E S U M O  Apresenta-se uma adaptacao ao espanhol do teste \"Reading the mind in the eyes\" (RME) para adultos, e estudos de validade e consistencia interna da versao adaptada e de uma versao breve do instrumento. O RME e um teste avancado de Teoria da Mente, concebido para detectar dificuldades leves a moderadas nesta habilidade, como as observadas em algumas pessoas com Transtornos do Espectro Autista (TE","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"14 1","pages":"88-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and cognitive functioning in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy","authors":"Ana Bessa, S. Fernandes, E. Vázquez-Justo, A. Conde","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/14.1.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/14.1.213","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T Cognitive impairment in breast cancer is frequent and mostly associated to the effects of chemotherapy. Less is known about its association with anxiety symptoms, also prevalent in these patients. This study aimed to explore the possible association between anxiety symptoms and attention, processing speed, memory and executive functions in 20 breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Participants with higher anxiety symptoms showed less sustained attention, higher updating abilities, lower planning skills, and higher cognitive inflexibility than participants with lower anxiety symptoms. Neuropsychological rehabilitation focused on attention and executive functions and psychological intervention on anxiety symptoms, even in women without an anxiety disorder, are needed in order to promote a better quality of life and psychological adjustment in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Key words: Breast cancer; anxiety; cognitive impairment; chemotherapy; women’s health. R E S U M E N El deterioro cognitivo en el cancer de mama es frecuente y se asocia principalmente a los efectos de la quimioterapia. Se sabe menos sobre su asociacion con los sintomas de ansiedad, tambien prevalentes en estos pacientes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la posible asociacion entre los sintomas de ansiedad y la atencion, la velocidad de procesamiento, la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas en 20 pacientes con cancer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia. Las participantes con sintomas de ansiedad mas altos han demonstrado baja atencion sostenida, capacidades de actualizacion mas altas, habilidades de planificacion mas bajas y una mayor inflexibilidad cognitiva, que las participantes con sintomas de ansiedad mas bajos. La rehabilitacion neuropsicologica centrada en la atencion y funciones ejecutivas y la intervencion psicologica centrada en los sintomas de ansiedad, incluso en mujeres sin un trastorno de ansiedad, son necesarias para promover una mejor calidad de vida y ajuste psicologico en pacientes con cancer de mama tratados con quimioterapia. Palabras clave: Cancer de mama; ansiedad; deterioro cognitivo; quimioterapia; salud de la mujer. R E S U M O A ocorrencia de alteracoes cognitivas no cancro da mama e frequente e tem sido associada, em larga medida, aos efeitos da quimioterapia. Menos se sabe sobre a associacao destas alteracoes aos sintomas de ansiedade tambem prevalentes nestes pacientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a possivel associacao entre os sintomas de ansiedade e o funcionamento atencional, processamento de informacao, memoria e funcionamento executivo em 20 pacientes com cancro da mama tratadas com quimioterapia. As participantes que apresentavam niveis mais elevados de ansiedade evidenciavam tambem menor atencao sustentada, melhores competencias cognitivas de atualizacao, menores competencias de planeamento e maior inflexibilidade cognitiva comparativamente as participantes com menores niveis de ans","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"14 1","pages":"129-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71125137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tecnoestrés y edad: un estudio transversal en trabajadores públicos","authors":"Martín Sánchez Gómez, Bryan Cebrián, P. Ferre, Mónica Navarrob, Nerea Plazuelo","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/14.2.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/14.2.203","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN A pesar de los hallazgos sobre el estres relacionado con la tecnologia, la relacion entre la edad y el tecnoestres en trabajadores publicos es todavia limitada. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue observar la relacion entre la edad y el nivel de tecnoestres en funcionarios de distintos ayuntamientos espanoles. El estudio, de tipo transversal, se realizo en por 132 trabajadores (60 hombres y 72 mujeres) con una media de edad de 42,9 anos (DT: 9,49). Para conocer el nivel de Tecnoestres se administro el Cuestionario RED. Los analisis de correlacion revelan que la edad se relaciona positivamente con la tecnofatiga y negativamente con la tecnoadiccion. Ademas, la prueba MANOVA indica diferencias significativas entre los baby boomers y la generacion Y. En resumen, estos resultados defienden la idea de que los trabajadores publicos de mayor edad son mas propensos al estres relacionado con la tecnologia en el trabajo, pese a ello, deben realizarse mas investigaciones que respalden estos hallazgos. Palabras Clave: Tecnoestres; tecnofatiga; tecnoadiccion; estres; edad; funcionarios; estudio transversal. ABSTRACT Despite the findings on stress and technology, the relationship between age and techno-stress in public workers is still limited. The main aim of this study was to observe the relationship between age and techno-stress in officials of different Spanish municipalities. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 132 workers (60 men and 72 women) with a mean age of 42.9 years (SD: 9.49). To assess techno-stress, the RED Questionnaire was administered. Correlation analyzes reveal that age is positively related to techno-fatigue and negatively to techno-addiction. Furthermore, the MANOVA test indicates significant differences between baby boomers and generation Y. In summary, these results support the idea that older public workers are more prone to technology-related stress at work. Despite this, more research should be done to support these findings. Key words: Techno-stress; techno-fatigue; techno-addiction; stress; age; public servants; cross-sectional study. RESUMO Apesar dos achados sobre o estresse relacionado com a tecnologia, a relacao entre a idade e o tecnoestresse em servidores publicos ainda e limitada. O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi observar a relacao entre a idade e o nivel de tecnoestresse em funcionarios de diferentes prefeituras espanholas. O estudo, de tipo transversal, foi realizado com 132 trabalhadores (60 homens e 72 mulheres) com uma media de idade de 42,9 anos (DT:9, 49). Para conhecer o nivel de Tecnoestresse foi aplicado o Questionario RED. As analises de correlacao revelam que a idade se relaciona positivamente com a tecnofadiga e negativamente com o vicio tecnologico. Alem disso, a prova MANOVA indica diferencas significativas entre os baby boomers e a geracao Y. Em resumo, tais resultados defendem a ideia de que os servidores publicos com idade mais avancada tem maior propensao ao estresse","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"14 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71125190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrato socioeconómico y funcionamiento ejecutivo: su relación con las competencias académicas en edad escolar","authors":"E. Azar, Vanessa Arán Filippetti, Jael Alejandra Vargas Rubilar","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/13.3.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/13.3.206","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Las competencias escolares de los ninos dependen de una multiplicidad de factores (por ejemplo, contextuales, familiares y personales). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relacion entre el estrato socioeconomico (ESE), las funciones ejecutivas (FE) valoradas desde la perspectiva de los padres y las competencias lectoras y matematicas en ninos. Se trabajo con 131 ninos escolarizados y sus respectivos padres, pertenecientes a estratos sociales medios y vulnerables. Los resultados mostraron que el ESE influye en las FE y las competencias escolares del nino. Ademas, se hallo una asociacion entre las FE y las competencias academicas. Los analisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) indican que solo la memoria de trabajo (MT) predice las competencias academicas. Ademas, se hallo un efecto directo del ESE sobre las competencias matematicas y efectos indirectos a traves de la MT. Sin embargo, la asociacion entre el ESE y las competencias lectoras se explicaria totalmente a traves de la MT. Palabras clave:  estrato socioeconomico; competencias academicas; funciones ejecutivas; ninos. Abstract The children's academic skills depend on several factors (e.g., contextual, family, and personal factors). The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), Executive Functions (EF) assessed from the parent's perspective, and reading and mathematical skills in children. We worked with 131 children who attend school and their parents, who belong to medium and low-SES. The results showed that SES has an influence on EF and academic skills. Moreover, an association between EF and academic skills was found. The analyses of the structural equation modelling (SEM) indicate that only working memory (WM) predicts academic skills. Furthermore, it was found that SES has direct effects on mathematical skills and indirect effects on these abilities through WM. Nonetheless, the association between SES and reading skills would be totally explained through WM. Keywords:  socioeconomic status; academic competences; executive functions; children.","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"13 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive function, self-awareness, and neuroimaging findings in obsessive-compulsive presentations after traumatic brain injury","authors":"R. Coetzer, Michelle Rydon-Grange, C. Roberts, J. Grange","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/13.2.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/13.2.201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This prospective study examined associations between cognitive functions, self-awareness, neuroimaging data, and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptomatology in a sample of 31 patients with moderate-severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Methods. Participants completed neuropsychological tests examining specific aspects of executive functioning, as well as new learning and retention. Questionnaires assessing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) traits were completed. Patients and their treating clinicians independently completed the same questionnaire to determine level of self-awareness (SA). Discrepancy scores were used as a measure of SA. Results. Standard frequentist statistics were calculated, supplemented with Bayesian analysis. Bayes factors showed strong support for the presence of a correlation between Rey Complex Figure (RCFT) strategy and the Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FOCI) symptom scores, and moderate support for the presence of a correlation between RCFT strategy and FOCI severity scores. Conclusion. Overall, results indicate self-report of new onset obsessions and compulsions after TBI were associated with specific executive functions rather than memory and retention. This study suggests that OCD phenomena after TBI may in part be explained by the presence of specific cognitive deficits. Accurate differential diagnosis of OCD, versus cognitive impairment masquerading as OCD after TBI, has implications for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Key words: Traumatic brain injury; Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder; Self-awareness; Cognitive impairment Resumen: Este estudio prospectivo examino la asociacion entre funciones cognitivas, autoconciencia, datos de neuroimagen y la sintomatologia obsesivo-compulsiva en una muestra de 31 pacientes con lesion cerebral traumatica (LCT) moderada a grave. Metodo: Se aplicaron tanto pruebas neuropsicologicas para examinar aspectos especificos del funcionamiento ejecutivo como para medir nuevo aprendizaje y retencion. Se completaron cuestionarios que evaluan los sintomas del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) asi como los rasgos del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo de la personalidad (OCPD). Los pacientes como sus medicos tratantes completaron de forma independiente el mismo cuestionario para determinar nivel de autoconciencia (SA). Resultados: Se calcularon estadisticas frecuentistas estandar, complementadas con analisis bayesiano. Los factores de Bayesianos mostraron un fuerte apoyo a la presencia de una correlacion entre la estrategia de Rey Complex Figure (RCFT) y los puntajes de sintomas del Inventario Obsesivo-Compulsivo de Florida (FOCI), y un apoyo moderado a la presencia de una correlacion entre la estrategia RCFT y los puntajes de severidad de FOCI. Conclusion. En general, los resultados indican que el autoinforme de nuevas obsesiones y compulsiones despues de que ","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46924969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memoria de trabajo en educación infantil: estudio preliminar","authors":"Erkuden Tirapu Monasterio, E. Herreras","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/13.2.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/13.2.202","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen: Objetivo. Analizar el desarrollo de las FE (memoria de trabajo) de ninos de diferentes edades de Educacion Infantil. Participantes. 20 ninos de 4 a 6 anos divididos en dos grupos, en funcion del curso academico de escolarizacion (2a y 3a curso de Educacion Infantil) y edad (4, 5 y 6 anos). Hipotesis. Hipotesis alternativa [H1]: Existen diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre ninos de diferentes edades de EI en el desarrollo de las Funciones Ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo). Hipotesis nula [H0]: No existen diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre ninos de diferentes edades de EI en el desarrollo de las Funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo). Variables de investigacion. Las variables de investigacion utilizadas en esta investigacion no experimental o ex post facto son: (i) Dependientes: Puntuaciones obtenidas en BRIEF-P (Inhibicion, Flexibilidad, Control Emocional, Memoria de Trabajo y Planificacion) y tareas elaboradas ad hoc (memoria de trabajo). (ii) Independientes: Edad. Instrumentos de recogida de datos. BRIEF-P y una tarea ad hoc para evaluar la memoria de trabajo. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en relacion a la edad en diversas funciones ejecutivas analizadas. Palabras Clave: BRIEF-P; Educacion Infantil; Funciones Ejecutivas; Memoria de trabajo. Abstract: Objetive. Analyze the development of FE (working memory) of children of different ages of Early Childhood Education. Participants. 20 children from 4 to 6 years of age divided into two groups, depending on the academic course of schooling (2nd and 3rd year of Early Childhood Education) and age (4, 5 and 6 years). Hypothesis. Alternative hypothesis [H1]: There are statistically significant differences between children of different ages of Early Childhood Education in the development of Executive Functions (working memory). Null hypothesis [H0]: There are no statistically significant differences between children of different ages of Early Childhood Education in the development of executive functions (working memory). Research variables. The research variables used in this non-experimental or ex post facto research are: (i) Dependents: Scores obtained in BRIEF-P (Inhibition, Flexibility, Emotional Control, Work Memory and Planning) and tasks developed ad hoc (working memory). (ii) Independents: Age. Data collection instruments. BRIEF-P and an ad hoc task to evaluate working memory. Outcomes. Statistically significant differences were found in relation to age in various executive functions analyzed. Key words: BRIEF-P; Early Childhood Education; Executive functions; Work memory. Resumo: Objetivo. Analisar o desenvolvimento das FE (memoria de trabalho) de criancas de diferentes idades de Educacao Infantil. Participantes. 20 criancas de 4 a 6 anos de idade divididos em dois grupos, em funcao do curso academico de escolarizacao (2o e 3o curso da Educacao Infantil) e idade (4, 5 e 6 anos). Hipotese. Hipotese alternativa [H1]: Exi","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"13 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71125454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I am who I am through who we are: The potential role of ubuntu in neurorehabilitation","authors":"R. Coetzer, Giles Yeates, R. Balchin, K. Schmidt","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/12.2.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/12.2.208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the African concept of ubuntu, and its potential to influence our thinking about the delivery of long-term health and social care within a neurorehabilitation context. Particular consideration is given to the potential importance of achieving longer-term social connectedness for clients and their relatives after neuro-rehabilitati on interventions have finished. A short case vignette, and a hospital-based practice report, are provided as two examples to illustrate some of the key points made. Incorporating some aspects of the philosophy of ubuntu could potentially help neurorehabilitation programmes to include the reduction social disability as a more explicit longer-term goal for outcome. Keywords: Ubuntu; neurorehabilitation; practice report Resumen Este documento explora el concepto africano de Ubuntu y su potencial para influir en nuestra forma de pensar sobre la prestacion de asistencia sanitaria y social a largo plazo dentro de un contexto de neuro-rehabilitacion. Se presta especial atencion a la potencial importancia de lograr una conexion social a largo plazo para los clientes y sus familiares despues de que las intervenciones de neuro-rehabilitacion hayan finalizado. Se proporcionan una pequena vineta de caso y un informe de practica practica hospitalaria, como dos ejemplos para ilustrar algunos de los puntos clave al respecto. Ademas, los autores incorporan algunos aspectos de la filosofia de Ubuntu que podrian ayudar a los programas de neuro-rehabilitacion que podrian influir en la reduccion de la discapacidad social como un objetivo mas explicito a largo plazo para el resultado. Palabras clave: Ubuntu;  neurorehabilitacion: practica hospitalaria. Resumo Este documento explora o conceito africano de Ubuntu e seu potencial para influenciar na nossa forma de pensar sobre a prestacao da assistencia sanitaria e social a longo prazo dentro de um contexto de neuro-rehabilitacao. Se presta especial atencao a potencial importância de conseguir uma conexao social a longo prazo para os clientes e seus familiares depois de que as intervencoes de neuro-rehabilitacao estiverem  finalizadas. Se proporciona uma pequena vinheta do caso e um informe de pratica hospitalar, como dois exemplos para ilustrar alguns dos pontos chave a esse respeito. Ademais, os autores incorporam alguns aspectos da filosofia de Ubuntu que poderiam ajudar nos programas de neuro-rehabilitacao que poderiam influenciar na reducao da discapacidade social como um objetivo mais explicito a longo prazo para o resultado. Palavras-chave: Ubuntu; neuro-rehabilitacao: pratica hospitalar;","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"12 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46231284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Funciones ejecutivas en población infantil: propuesta de una clarificación conceptual e integradora basada en resultado de análisis factoriales","authors":"J. Ustárroz, P. Andrés, E. Herreras","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/12.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/12.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen INTRODUCCION. Las funciones ejecutivas se definen como un conjunto de procesos implicados en la resolucion de situaciones novedosas y que nos permiten actuar de un manera flexible en entornos cambiantes basandonos en la a anticipacion y la prediccion para reducir la incertidumbre del entorno en aras a nuestra adaptacion biologica, personal y social. No es facil su conceptualizacion ni la identificacion de los factores que las configuran en poblacion infantil. DESARROLLO. El proposito de este estudio es analizar los componentes de la funcion ejecutiva en poblacion infantil, por las implicaciones clinicas en diferentes trastornos del neurodesarrollo. El modelo propuesto por Miyake es el marco de referencia de multiples trabajos, tanto en poblacion adulta como infantil. Los estudios analizados no son concluyentes en relacion al numero de factores encontrados en poblacion infantil, existiendo diferencias tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas. Los estudios analizados son clasificados en funcion del numero de factores: (i) Modelos de factor unico con procesos indiferenciados, justificado por la inmadurez del cortex prefrontal. (ii) Modelos de dos factores son mas consistentes y diferenciados. (iii) Modelos de tres factores incluyen las dimensiones de los modelos anteriores junto al proceso de planificacion. (iv) Modelos de cuatro factores destacan por la inclusion de distintos aspectos del control inhibitorio. CONCLUSIONES. De la diversidad de resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que actualizacion/memoria de trabajo, inhibicion, alternancia, fluidez verbal y planificacion son los procesos ejecutivos mas comunmente encontrados en los modelos factoriales de control ejecutivo en ninos y adolescentes. Proponemos una integracion conceptual cuyo objetivo es clarificar la diversidad de factores hallados ye integrar los diferentes conceptos utilizados. Palabras Claves: Funciones ejecutivas; flexibilidad; memoria de trabajo; modelos factoriales; planificacion/organizacion; poblacion infantil. Abstract INTRODUCTION. Executive functions are defined as a set of skills that are involved in various activities which are novel to the individual and which require a creative solution. It is not easy or straight forward to conceptualise or identify the factors that make up a population of young children. DEVELOPMENT. The aim of this study was to analyse the components of executive function due to the clinical implications in different neurodevelopmental disorders in a population-based sample of young children. The model proposed by Miyake is the frame of reference of multiple studies, both within adult and child populations. The studies analysed in the present study are not conclusive in relation to the number of factors found in children, with both quantitative and qualitative differences. The analysed studies are classified according to the number of factors, which include: (i) One-factor models with undifferentiated processes that are justified by the immatu","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"12 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71125369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El rol de la inhibición en la Teoría de la Integración de Características","authors":"I. Introzzi, E. Zamora, Yésica Aydmune, L. C. Juric, S. S. López","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/11.3.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/11.3.208","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La Teoria de la Integracion de Caracteristicas se ha convertido en una de las propuestas mas difundidas en la explicacion de los principios de la atencion selectiva. Sus supuestos basicos se han sustentado en la evidencia empirica obtenida a traves del paradigma de busqueda visual. Algunos de sus supuestos comienzan a ser cuestionados a mediados de la decada de 1980 y es sometida a una profunda revision. Esto da lugar a una nueva version de la teoria, que otorga a la inhibicion un rol protagonico. En tanto no se registran estudios que la hayan abordado especificamente en el marco de esta teoria, este trabajo se propone precisar y discutir el papel de la inhibicion en la Teoria de la Integracion de Caracteristicas. Con este fin, se mencionan primeramente las caracteristicas basicas de la teoria y algunos hallazgos obtenidos a traves del paradigma de busqueda visual. Luego se presenta la evidencia empirica que contradijo los supuestos teoricos iniciales y se discute la respuesta de la teoria precisando el rol de la inhibicion en los nuevos postulados, describiendo la relacion de este componente con las distintas estrategias implementadas en las tareas de busqueda visual. Se espera que este trabajo contribuya a la comprension de los diversos desempenos obtenidos en tareas de busqueda visual, el papel de la inhibicion en diversas estrategias implementadas en este tipo de tareas y su rol en la atencion selectiva. Palabras clave: Teoria de la Integracion de Caracteristicas; inhibicion; busqueda visual Abstract The Feature-Integration Theory is one of the most influential proposals explaining the main principles of selective attention. Its basic assumptions have been supported by empirical evidence obtained through the visual search paradigm. In the mid 80’s, some of its assumptions started to be questioned and it was subjected to a thorough review. This gave place to a new version of the theory, in which inhibition played a key role. Besides the importance of this component, there are no known studies addressing it by this theoretical framework. Thus, this work deals with defining and discussing the role of inhibition by the Feature-Integration Theory. In order to accomplish that goal, the basic features of the theory will be mentioned first and then some findings obtained through the visual search paradigm, which have influenced its origin and development. Later, the empirical evidence which contradicted the original theoretical assumptions will be presented. The answer of the theory defining the role of inhibition in the new postulates will be discussed, describing the relationship between this component and the different strategies implemented in the visual search tasks. It is expected that this work will contribute with the comprehension of the different performance indexes found in visual search tasks, the role of inhibition in diverse strategies implemented in this kind of tasks and its role in selective attention. Keywords: Feature-Integ","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47690734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitación de las actividades de la vida diaria en pacientes con apraxia del vestir","authors":"María Florencia Durand, L. G. G. Galvagno, Angel M. Elgier","doi":"10.7714/CNPS/11.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/11.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Las praxias pueden abarcar diversas actividades motoras complejas. Clasicamente, se describe a las apraxias como la desorganizacion de la secuencia de los movimientos requeridos para un acto (encender un cigarrillo, abrir una puerta, etc.), lo que se denomino “apraxia ideomotora” (Liepmann, 1900). Las actividades de la vida diaria (en adelante AVD) son el conjunto de las actividades primarias de la persona, encaminadas a su autocuidado y movilidad, que le dotan de autonomia e independencia elementales y le permiten vivir sin precisar ayuda continua de otros. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de un programa de rehabilitacion sobre el desempeno de pacientes con apraxia del vestir. Como resultado se encontro una diferencia de desempenos entre los grupos tomando como variable dependiente la suma de movimientos correctos evaluados, y a su vez una mejora en el desempeno del grupo tratamiento y no asi en el control. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sugieren que la rehabilitacion sistematizada produce aprendizajes en personas con apraxia del vestir. Palabras Clave: Rehabilitacion; Terapia Ocupacional (TO); Actividades de la vida diaria (A.V.D.); Apraxia del vestir; Apraxia ideomotora. Abstract Praxias may include various complex motor activities. Classically, the apraxia is described as the disorganization of the sequence of movements required for an act (light a cigarette, open a door, etc.), what it is called \"ideomotor apraxia\" (Liepmann, 1900). Daily life activities (onwards ADL) are the set of the primary activities of the person, aimed at self-care and mobility, which provide it with autonomy and independence elementary and let you live without requiring continuous help from others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program on the performance of patients with apraxia of dressing. As a result a difference in performance between groups using as dependent variable the sum of right moves evaluated was found, and in turn improved the performance of the treatment group and not in the control. The results obtained in this study suggest that systematic rehabilitation produces learning in people with dressing apraxia. Key Words: Rehabilitation; Occupational Therapy (OT); Daily life activities (A.D.L.); dressing apraxia; ideomotor apraxia. Resumo As praxias podem abarcar diversas atividades motoras complexas. Classicamente, se descreve as apraxias como a desorganizacao da sequencia dos movimentos requeridos para um ato (acender um cigarro, abrir uma porta, etc.), o que se denominou “apraxia ideomotora” (Liepmann, 1900). As atividades da vida diaria (em diante AVD) sao o conjunto das atividades primarias da pessoa, encaminhadas ao seu auto-cuidado e mobilidade, que a dotam de autonomia e independencia elementais e lhe permitem viver sem precisar de ajuda continua de outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficacia de um programa de reabilitacao sobre o desempenho de pacientes ","PeriodicalId":41916,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia-Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"42-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43314288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}