European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of the Impact of Vaccination Intervention on Recovered Coronavirus Patients","authors":"J. S. Apanapudor, Ozioma Ogoegbulem, N. Okposo, Excellent Oghenevwairhe Ugbotu","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).06","url":null,"abstract":"This work estimated the impact of vaccination intervention on coronavirus patients who have recovered from the disease and the vulnerability index of the recovered population due to the impact of vaccine was also investigated. This work adopted a numerical solution to study the continuous dynamical system of linear first order differential equations describing a SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered) model on the spread of Coronavirus Disease – 2019 (COVID-19). To tackle this problem, MATLAB ordinary differential equation of order 45 (ODE45) numerical method was adopted for the analysis. The vulnerability index of the recovered population was low due to the impact of vaccine meaning that the recovered population will gain immunity and they will not be re-infected. The study recommended that coronavirus patients who have recovered from the disease should ensure that they have vaccination administered to them to avoid re-occurrence of the virus attack as an intervention strategy. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"90 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Role of Chromophiles (Absorbtion) Fungi from Polluted Landfill by Tannery Effluent Challawa Industrial Estates Kano State of Nigeria","authors":"S. D. Emmanuel, E.M Okonkwo, M. I. Jafaru, I. M. Bugaje, O.A. Olusagun, E. Amale, N. Dee, U.J. Ijah, G. D. Gbolagunte","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).05","url":null,"abstract":"The release of unprecedented tannery effluents into the environment as industrial wastes is one of the major causes of environmental pollution. Tannery waste containing heavy metals are usually disposed in landfills and streams in Challawa industrial estate Kano. In the present study tannery effluent discharge soil (polluted landfill), undischarged soil (control) were collected from the surrounding areas of tannery industry. The soil and physicochemical properties were examined in-situ. A total of eleven fungi species were found in the soil. The most common fungal strains viz., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp, Rhizopus nigricans and Penicillium sp were tested for tolerance against chromium sulphate. The degree of tolerance was measured by their mycelia growth length of each respective culture colony and it was compared with control containing no chromium sulphate. Among the isolated fungal strains of all locations, Aspergillus niger was the most tolerant against chromium sulphate. It exhibit strong radial mycelia growth length from 0-4.0% followed by Rhizopus nigricans and the least was obtain by Penicillium sp. Effect of pH and temperature on tolerance of fungal isolates at 1% chromium concentration using different substrates tested were so effective at pH 4-5 and 32oC respectively. These fungi have shown a high level of tolerance to chromium sulphate tested which makes them so attracted and potentially candidate for further investigations regarding their ability to remove metals from contaminated waste waters. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Abstract Description of Learning as a Morphogenetic Process","authors":"G. M. Guazzo","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a mathematical framework for describing learning in terms of convergence to a stable equilibrium point of a Hebbian neural network. It implies that network dynamics can be approximated by a system of diffusion equations, which has stable equilibrium if a particular parameter is large enough. The learned state is identified with the stable equilibrium point. The model suggests that the magnitude of the eigenvalues associated with the system linearised about the fixed point should be directly related to the slope of an exponential learning curve. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"30 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Food Processing: A Comprehensive Review of Microwave Applications","authors":"Uzair Mohammad Kakar, Atiqullah Sarwari, Mustafa Rahime, Mohammad Hassan Hassand, Parwiz Niazi","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).04","url":null,"abstract":"The review explores the extensive applications of microwaves, covering the non-ionizing radiation spectrum from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. It emphasizes the growing role of microwaves in modern food technology, delving into their evolution, principles, advantages, and drawbacks, the analysis delves into the unique dynamics of microwave heating, considering factors like frequency, permittivity, and thermal properties. Microwaves offer benefits such as fast and even cooking, nutrient preservation, and improved thermodynamic output, the use of radiation in sterilization, drying, pasteurization, and blanching, showcasing their efficiency in achieving product sterility while minimizing nutrient damage. Microwaves are important for modern food processing to meet dietary needs. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship Between Maize Production and Its Price in Zambia","authors":"Brenda Nakamba, R. Mzimbiri, David Msokwe","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).01","url":null,"abstract":"In Zambia, changes in food prices specifically maize prices have received much of the attention of late because of its effect on national food security, farming systems, and political-economic conditions of the country. Measures have been taken in order to prevent future food crises and to achieve zero hunger by 2030 as per Sustainable Development Goal number 2 targets 2.4 and 2.c. The national strategies to stabilise the price and influence productivity depend on availability of data from different researchers. Most studies on maize production in Zambia have focused on climatic and demographic factors with insufficient efforts taken in addressing price changes on maize production. The article examined the consequences of changing price from 1990 to 2021 of maize on maize production in Zambia. It used a cross sectional research design to analyse secondary data from Zambia Statistics Agency and Food Agriculture Organization. The use of Granger causality test (time series) during analysis revealed unidirectional causation between price and production. This implies that price of maize is the Granger cause of maize production (p-value = 0.0010). The increase of price of maize influences maize productivity among peasants. The policy implication stemming from this study is that since price influences maize production, controlling maize production without stabilizing price levels cannot be enough to boost the agricultural economy and alleviate poverty. The government needs to control maize prices to meet the domestic self-sufficient and affordable prices. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"143 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial-Plant Interactions and Their Role in Mitigating of Oil Pollution: A Review","authors":"Mohammad Hassan Hassand, Anel Omirbekova, Atiqullah Sarwari, Abdul Wahid Monib, Parwiz Niazi","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).02","url":null,"abstract":"The partnership between plants and microorganisms is crucial for combating oil pollution on land and in the sea. This mutual relationship helps transform and restore ecosystems affected by oil contamination. The article focuses on how plants and microorganisms work together to fight oil pollutants, and how this partnership can be used to restore ecosystems and manage oil-contaminated areas sustainably. Microorganisms living with plants have unique abilities to break down and use the hydrocarbons in oil pollutants, converting them into less harmful substances and reducing environmental damage. This partnership also improves the effectiveness of phytoremediation, a sustainable technique for cleaning up polluted sites. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"679 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Parasite Strategies to Escape Attack by The Immune System of Their Hosts","authors":"Sawsan Darweesh Jari","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).14","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to investigate the parasitic strategies that enable them to escape attack by the immune systems of their hosts and cause infection. A parasite is a creature that obtains its sustenance and other requirements from a host, which is another organism that provides support to the parasite. Medical parasitology encompasses protozoa, helminths, and some arthropods. Parasitic diseases lead to host immune responses that expel the infesting parasites. Parasites also have improved a number of strategies to prevent host immune attacks and survive in the environment of the host. In this study, all information about the parasites abilities to avoid host complement immune attack in a hostile environment and the mechanisms of complement immune evasion is provided. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thresholds of Architectural Morphology of Yoruba Buildings in Southwest Nigeria till the Millenia","authors":"F. Adenaike, A. Opoko","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).17","url":null,"abstract":"The literary materials on Yoruba architecture that are more common are descriptive. They dwell mostly on the massing of units, individual configurations within buildings and cultural patterns in ornamentation. The direct links between the living spaces and their socio-cultural implications are emphasized to explain the origin of the forms. The morphological chronology in the building patterns is regarded as vernacularisation processes especially from the traditional patterns to the vernacular traditions. There are hardly any publications of Yoruba architectural buildings beyond the later vernacular patterns like the Afro-Brazilian style. While these volumes of literature are mostly limited to the traditional and vernacular styles, the ethno-acculturation of more contemporary and foreign building patterns like the \"international\" and the \"postmodern\" styles into the body of indigenous architectural building patterns of the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria are not being investigated and published. The culture of a people is preserved in their architecture. If the culture of the Yoruba is preserved in their buildings, the cross-pollination of the Yoruba culture with different inputs from foreign cultures should be evident in the new indigenous buildings that are evolving up till the end of the twentieth century. This chapter material has organized the different lines of thought in the morphology of indigenous architectural building patterns of the Yoruba into a continuum that extends beyond the limits of the current body of literature on the topic. It attempts to decipher the new forms and elements of the buildings of later Yoruba indigenous architecture up till the turn of the twentieth century. The emphasis is on the definition of newer building patterns that can be termed as \"indigenous\" to the Yoruba culture in Southwest Nigeria. Having increased the ambit of the Yoruba architecture concerning the building patterns beyond the exposition of the previous publications, the current surcease on the morphology of Yoruba architecture in print can be broken to open up more research and publications on contemporary thresholds of the indigenous Yoruba architecture. The chapter is concluded with a guide on the identity of buildings of indigenous architecture of the Yoruba even within the morass of foreign building patterns that crowd the Yoruba towns in Southwest Nigeria. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"159 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for Email and Malware Spam Filtering: A Review","authors":"Ugwueze Walter Oluchukwu, Anigbogu Sylvanus Okwudili, Asogwa Doris Chinedu, Emmanuel Chibuogu Asogwa, Anigbogu Kenechukwu Sylvanus","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).07","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we presented a review of the state-of-the-art hybrid machine learning algorithms that were being used for email effective computing. For this reason, three research questions were formed, and the questions were answered by studying and analyzing related papers collected from some well-established scientific databases (Springer Link, IEEE Explore, Web of Science, and Scopus) based on some exclusion and inclusion criteria. The result presented the common Hybrid ML algorithms used to enhance email spam filtering. Also, the state-of-the-art datasets used for email and malware spam filtering were presented. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"110 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nutritious Plant Extracts on Broiler Chicken Development and Bacterial Microorganisms","authors":"Saleh Abed Alwahed Mahdi, Aqeel H. Atallah, Ghufran Hassan UIaiwi","doi":"10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).15","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of 10% and 20% ginger and pomegranate peel extract on broiler chicken development and bacterial microbes. The experiment employed one-day-old male broiler chicks. In a totally randomized design, these hens were assigned to five nutrition treatment groups: 1. Control (base diet), 2. Pomegranate peel extract (10%, 20%), 4. Ginger extract (10%), 5. Ginger extract (20%). Each group had unlimited access to its diet for 5 weeks. The College of Agriculture of the esteemed University of Kerbala undertook this experiment. The extracts had antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant components, reducing harmful microorganisms and improving animal and human health. Plant extracts also improved development, boosted good bacteria, and decreased harmful bacteria. This implies that poultry diets might benefit from ginger and pomegranate peels. ","PeriodicalId":418878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences","volume":"125 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}