Amanda Suqui, Rolando Célleri, Patricio Crespo, Galo Carrillo-Rojas
{"title":"Interacciones entre índice de área foliar, densidad del dosel y precipitación efectiva de un bosque de Polylepis reticulata ubicado en un ecosistema de páramo","authors":"Amanda Suqui, Rolando Célleri, Patricio Crespo, Galo Carrillo-Rojas","doi":"10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"La medición de la cobertura vegetal es fundamental para conocer qué porcentaje de la precipitación queda interceptada sobre la misma. Las técnicas más utilizadas para medir la cobertura in situ son el índice de área foliar (IAF) y la densidad del dosel (DD). Sin embargo, no se ha puesto atención en las diferencias registradas en el uso de las dos técnicas ni cómo estas variables influyen sobre el balance hidrológico particularmente sobre la precipitación efectiva (PE). Por tal motivo, el objetivo del estudio es evaluar la relación entre las mediciones de la cobertura vegetal realizadas por los métodos de IAF y DD e identificar cómo se relacionan con la PE, importante para aplicaciones hidrológicas. El estudio se desarrolló en un bosque de Polylepis reticulata de 15633 m2, ubicado en el Observatorio Ecohidrológico Zhurucay, sur de Ecuador, en un rango altitudinal de 3765 a 3809 m s.n.m. El IAF se midió con el equipo CI-110 Plant Canopy Imager y la DD con un densiómetro esférico, cubriendo un amplio rango de valores de cobertura de dosel. Para medir la PE se instrumentó el sitio de estudio con 9 pluviógrafos. Los resultados indican que el IAF y DD son en promedio 2,43 m2 m-2 y 88%, respectivamente; cuya relación resulta ser significativa (R2= 0,913; p<0,05). La PE media anual es de 773,2 mm, que tiende a disminuir con el incremento del IAF y DD; aunque su relación resulta estadísticamente no significativa (valores p>0,05). Este estudio muestra la importancia de caracterizar la cobertura vegetal para entender la interacción con la PE.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88527530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Regalado, Nicolás Pérez-Ramírez, Javier Ramírez Juárez, José Arturo Méndez Espinoza
{"title":"Los grupos de acción y la aplicación de tecnología de alta productividad para maíz de secano en localidades del Plan Puebla, México","authors":"José Regalado, Nicolás Pérez-Ramírez, Javier Ramírez Juárez, José Arturo Méndez Espinoza","doi":"10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del artículo es evidenciar la importancia que tienen los grupos de acción y la aplicación de tecnología no solo en la producción de maíz sino también en los ingresos económicos de los agricultores. Los grupos de acción constituyen el medio para hacer compras consolidadas de insumos, gestionar recursos financieros y favorecer una mejor comercialización del producto. La metodología consistió en sistematizar información del seguimiento de un grupo de acción constituido por diez productores que aplicaron tecnología mejorada para producir maíz; esta información se complementó con una encuesta socioeconómica de 30 agricultores de tres municipios. Los resultados indican que la integración de grupos de acción permite incrementar los rendimientos en casi un 50% más respecto al grupo testigo, obteniendo una relación b/c de 2,44 en promedio. En conclusión, se produce un volumen de producción de maíz suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de autoconsumo de las familias y excedentes para la venta; estos niveles de producción favorecen la reproducción de las familias rurales. Este artículo aporta información para la toma de decisiones en la implementación de programas de producción de maíz en otras localidades. \u0000Palabras clave: tecnología, rendimientos, grupos de acción, Plan Puebla","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86650193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila, Julián Leal Villamil, Fernando Oviedo Barrero
{"title":"Caracterización espectral y monitoreo de bosques de manglar con Teledetección en el litoral Pacífico colombiano: Bajo Baudó, Chocó.","authors":"Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila, Julián Leal Villamil, Fernando Oviedo Barrero","doi":"10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"El Pacífico colombiano posee extensas zonas en bosques de manglar (BM), que es un ecosistema estratégico de gran importancia ambiental y socioeconómica para la mitigación del cambio climático. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo realizar la caracterización espectral y monitoreo de 66,59 km2 para cuatro densidades de BM en el Bajo Baudó (Colombia), empleando tres imágenes Landsat (1998, 2014 y 2017), combinaciones de bandas espectrales y tres índices de vegetación (IV) (Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada - NDVI, Índice de Vegetación Ajustado al Suelo - SAVI y el Índice combinado de reconocimiento de manglares - CMRI). Los resultados demostraron que la mejor combinación de bandas espectrales para la identificación visual de los BM correspondió a infrarrojo color (NIR, Rojo, Verde) y falso color compuesto 1 (NIR, SWIR, Rojo). La firma espectral de los BM tuvo diferentes comportamientos para las cuatro densidades bajo las condiciones de pleamar y bajamar. Durante los 19 años analizados, se registró una diferencia de hasta el 17,9% en el valor promedio de la reflectancia en los BM. De igual manera, los valores de IV fueron proporcionales a las densidades de BM, pero su valor se notó reducido por efectos de la marea al momento de la captura de las imágenes; los mayores aumentos de IV se registraron sobre la zona costera de transición tierra-agua donde existe una fuerte interacción con la condición mareal. Esta investigación aporta a la caracterización y monitoreo espacial de BM con sensores remotos y el estudio espectral de este importante ecosistema en Colombia.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82090571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Yánez-Avalos, I. Barbona, J. López-Parra, P. Marini
{"title":"Protocolo J-synch con y sin eCG en vacas Brown Swiss y sus cruzas con Bos Indicus en la amazonía ecuatoriana","authors":"D. Yánez-Avalos, I. Barbona, J. López-Parra, P. Marini","doi":"10.17163/LGR.N33.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/LGR.N33.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of prolonged proestrus protocols under extreme conditions has improved conception. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the results of the protocol with prolonged proestrus called J-Synch with and without eCG, on follicular dynamics and pregnancy percentage in dual purpose cows in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The study was carried out in the province of Pastaza - Ecuador, from October 2018 to October 2019. We used 448 multiparous cows in production with calves at foot of Brown Swiss breeds and their crosses (Bos indicus). Four treatments were used, cows were artificially inseminated at fixed time on day nine T1: J-Synch, eCG, IATF estrus 60 hours (n= 120); T2: J-Synch and eCG and No Estrus+ GnRH IATF 72 hours (n=118); T3: J-Synch and Estrus IATF 60 hours (n=103); T4: J-Synch plus No Estrus plus GnRH plus IATF 72 Hours (n=107). Pregnancy rates were 55% (T1), 49% (T2), 51% (T3) and 50% (T4) with no significant differences. Follicular development and corpus luteum diameter showed significant differences (p0.05). It is concluded that the J-Synch plus eCG treatments at 60 hours and 72 hours had different behaviour in follicular development and corpus luteum size. Pregnancy percentages did not differ between treatments, although there was a 44.5% greater chance of a cow becoming pregnant with T1 compared to T2. In addition, 22.5% higher pregnancy would be achieved with T1 compared to T3, and 18% higher pregnancy would be achieved with T3 compared to T2.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"33 1","pages":"8-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rocio Elizabeth Contero Callay, Narcisa Requelme, C. Cachipuendo, D. Acurio
{"title":"Calidad de la leche cruda y sistema de pago por calidad en el Ecuador","authors":"Rocio Elizabeth Contero Callay, Narcisa Requelme, C. Cachipuendo, D. Acurio","doi":"10.17163/LGR.N33.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/LGR.N33.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Los estados legislan la calidad para mantener la salud de la población, la inocuidad y propiedades nutricionales de los alimentos, normativas que aplican sobre la producción e industrialización, por ello Ecuador implementó una política para mejorar la calidad de la leche cruda a través del precio. Para mantener la salud de la población los Estados legislan la calidad, inocuidad y propiedades nutricionales de los alimentos, regulaciones que se aplican en la producción e industrialización; por esta forma, Ecuador implementó una política de mejora de la calidad de la leche cruda a través del precio. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el cumplimiento de los parámetros establecidos en el reglamento de pago por calidad de leche (RPCL) cruda bovina vigente en el Ecuador durante el periodo 2009-2018.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86636006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rendimiento del motor y análisis de emisiones utilizando biodiésel de Neem y Jatropha","authors":"Mehmood Ali, Saqib Jamshed Rind","doi":"10.17163/lgr.n32.2020.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n32.2020.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the production of biodiesel from indigenous species of Jatropha curcas and Neem (Azadirachta indica) oils, then its engine performance and emission characteristics of B10 blends measured at 1000 rpm. Biodiesel production yields were found 90% and 68% by weight from Jatropha curcas and Neem (Azadirachta indica), respectively. Three prepared biodiesel blends were 10% Neem biodiesel (NB10), 10% Jatropha biodiesel (JB10) and 5% Jatropha + 5% Neem biodiesels (NJB10). The engine emission test showed less carbon monoxide production from NB10 (94 +- 2.15 ppm), followed by JB10 (100+- 2.44ppm) and NJB10 (121 +- 3.65ppm) as compared to diesel (135+- 2.18ppm). However, the carbon dioxide emissions were found higher due to the better combustion characteristics of biodiesel blends as NB10 (3.21%), JB10 (3.06%) and NJB10 (2.53%) than diesel (2.13%) by volume. The reduced amounts of sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions were found with blended biodiesel fuel in comparison to mineral diesel. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions were 5 ppm from diesel at 73 C exhaust temperature, while it was increased by using blended biodiesel, to 8 ppm with NB10 due to higher exhaust temperatures 85;33 C. The measured engine power and torque produced from the blended biodiesel samples were slightly lower than the conventional diesel by 12% and 7.7%, respectively. The experimental results showed that an engine performance and emission characteristic of Neem biodiesel (NB10) was better as compared to other biodiesel blends.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"32 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42029384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coronavirus en Ecuador: Una Opinión Desde la Academia.","authors":"S. Guerrero","doi":"10.17163/lgr.n32.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n32.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"This is the third time that a zoonotic coronavirus has infected various human populations. This new virus, classified as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is the causative agent of the new pandemic outbreak called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The international research carried out around this new outbreak was so effective that shortly thereafter the genome of the virus, its biology and its main epidemiological aspects were determined. To date, 1962 positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in Ecuador, situation that has caused great concern among Ecuadorian academics and society. Thus, in this opinion article, the main research carried out internationally on the SARS-CoV-2 will be detailed, the importance of the Academia in healthcare decision-making will be discussed and the role of fundamental research to hold a possible outbreak in Ecuador will be mentioned.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"32 1","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46354645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan S. Padrón, J. Feyen, M. Cordova, Patricio Crespo, Rolando Célleri
{"title":"Comparación entre Pluviómetros Cuantifica Deficiencias en el Monitoreo de la Precipitación","authors":"Ryan S. Padrón, J. Feyen, M. Cordova, Patricio Crespo, Rolando Célleri","doi":"10.17163/LGR.N31.2020.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/LGR.N31.2020.0","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to correct precipitation measurements have been ongoing for decades, but are scarce for tropical highlands. Four tipping-bucket (TB) rain gauges with different resolution that are commonly used in the Andean mountain region were compared-one DAVIS-RC-II, one HOBO-RG3-M, and two TE525MM TB gauges (with and without an Alter-Type wind screen). The relative performance of these rain gauges, installed side-by-side in the Zhurucay Ecohydrological Observatory, south Ecuador, at 3780 m a.s.l., was assessed using the TB with the highest resolution (0.1 mm) as reference, i.e. the TE525MM. The effect of rain intensity and wind conditions on gauge performance was estimated as well. Using 2 years of data, results reveal that (i) the precipitation amount for the reference TB is on average 5.6 to 7.2% higher than the rain gauges having a resolution of 0.2 mm and 0.254 mm respectively; (ii) relative underestimation of precipitation from the gauges with coarser resolution is higher during low-intensity rainfall mounting to a maximum deviation of 11% was observed for rain intensities ≤1 mm h−1; (iii) precipitation intensities of 2 mm h−1 or less that occur 75% of the time cannot be determined accurately for timescales shorter than 30 minutes because of the gauges’ resolution, e.g. the absolute bias is >10%; and (iv) wind has a similar effect on all sensors. This analysis contributes to increase the accuracy and homogeneity of precipitation measurements throughout the Andean highlands, by quantifying the key role of rain-gauge resolution.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"31 1","pages":"7-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43716199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Carhuapoma De la Cruz, Nicasio Valencia Mamani, Teresa Huaman Gonzales, Rufino Paucar Chanca, Epifanio Hilario Lizana, Jorge L. Huere Peña
{"title":"Resistencia antibiótica de Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli aisladas de alpacas (Vicugna pacus) con y sin diarrea","authors":"Víctor Carhuapoma De la Cruz, Nicasio Valencia Mamani, Teresa Huaman Gonzales, Rufino Paucar Chanca, Epifanio Hilario Lizana, Jorge L. Huere Peña","doi":"10.17163/lgr.n31.2020.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n31.2020.08","url":null,"abstract":"A nivel mundial, el problema de resistencia a antibióticos es considerado de prioridad sanitaria pública y veterinaria, por ello el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la presencia de resistencia antibiótica frente a Salmonella sp., y Escherichia coli provenientes de crías de alpacas con y sin diarrea. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo transversal múltiple. Se recolectaron 300 muestras de heces por hisopado rectal de crías de alpacas entre 10 a 60 días nacidas con y sin cuadros diarreicos provenientes de Comunidades Campesinas de Huancavelica-Perú. La presencia de Escherichia coli y Salmonella sp. se identificó mediante pruebas bioquímicas, la susceptibilidad antibacteriana por método Kirby Bauer y se evaluaron 8 antibióticos usuales del mercado veterinaria. El 100 % de muestras con diarreas fueron positivas a Escherichia coli, 40,0 % Salmonella sp. 20% Escherichia coli-Salmonella sp. y muestras sin diarrea 57,0% positivas a Escherichia coli, 24,0% Salmonella sp. 19.0% E. coli-Salmonella sp. Las cepas de Escherichia coli y Salmonella sp. fueron resistentes a Ampicilina (10,4± 0,3), (9,3± 0,2); Novomicina (11,1± 0,2), (11,2± 0,1); Tetraciclina (8,2± 0,1), (9,2± 0,3); Penicilina (9,1± 0,4), (11,1± 0,3); Gentamicina (10,1± 0,4), (10,2± 0,3) provenientes de muestras con diarrea y en muestras sin diarrea resistentes a Gentamicina (10,3± 0,1), (8,2± 0,1); Tetraciclina (9,2± 0,4), (8,2± 0,4); Ampicilina (11,2± 0,1), (9,3± 0,2); Penicilina (10,2± 0,4), (10,1± 0,3). Las cepas de Salmonella sp., y Escherichia coli aisladas de crías de alpacas con y sin diarreas evidencian resistencia antibacteriana a múltiples antibióticos usados en la veterinaria.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79532409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Toulkeridis, Elizabeth Tamayo, Débora Simón-Baile, M. J. Merizalde-Mora, Diego F. Reyes –Yunga, Mauricio Viera-Torres, M. Heredia
{"title":"Climate Change according to Ecuadorian academics–Perceptions versus facts","authors":"T. Toulkeridis, Elizabeth Tamayo, Débora Simón-Baile, M. J. Merizalde-Mora, Diego F. Reyes –Yunga, Mauricio Viera-Torres, M. Heredia","doi":"10.17163/lgr.n31.2020.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n31.2020.02","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has become one of the most important topics in each country’s government agendas. The current effects demand quicker actions in order to decrease the speed at which the global warming and climate is changing, which are commonly seen in global agreements to reduce pollution. However, the main changes to face and mitigate such phenomena depends on each country´s decision and not on global agreements as the causes are continent-wide although the effects and magnitudes may be local. One of the key components for an effective adaption and mitigation is the role that the population have over national decisions. For this reason, the level of awareness and knowledge about what is occurring in their surroundings vital, thus the importance of a correct information broadcast and education. For the aforementioned reasons, the current study compares the recent perception of a well-educated Ecuadorean community regarding the climate change worldwide and in Ecuador with the scientific evidence and historical facts, and how it affects its vulnerability to the climate change effects.","PeriodicalId":41848,"journal":{"name":"Granja-Revista de Ciencias de la Vida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67536395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}