Progress in Surface Science最新文献

{"title":"Spin-orbit interaction in unoccupied surface states","authors":"Ryuichi Arafune ,&nbsp;Noriaki Takagi ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ishida","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) has been investigated extensively in the last decade, for its potential impact on spintronics, which has become particularly important in surface science. This article reviews our recent works on SOI in the </span>image potential states<span> (IPSs), which have been widely studied as an ideal model system for electron dynamics at solid surfaces. By combining high-energy resolution bichromatic two-photon </span></span>photoemission<span> spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD), we have investigated the Rashba-type SOI of IPSs. We measured the splitting of n = 1 IPS on Au(1 0 0) surface and determined its Rashba parameter. We also discuss the splitting of IPS on a graphene-covered Ir(1 1 1) surface presented recently based on selection rules for CD measurements and the calculated band structure.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2120189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of the special Issue of Progress in Surface Science in honor of Prof. Maki Kawai’s contributions to science","authors":"Hrvoje Petek (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STM studies of photochemistry and plasmon chemistry on metal surfaces","authors":"Emiko Kazuma ,&nbsp;Jaehoon Jung ,&nbsp;Hiromu Ueba ,&nbsp;Michael Trenary ,&nbsp;Yousoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We review our recent studies of photochemistry<span> and plasmon </span></span>chemistry<span> of dimethyl disulfide, (CH</span></span>₃S)₂<span>, molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces<span><span> using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The STM has been used not only for the observation of surface structures at atomic spatial resolution but also for local spectroscopies. The STM combined with optical excitation by light can be employed to investigate chemical reactions of single molecules induced by photons and localized surface plasmons. This technique allows us to gain insights into reaction mechanisms at a single molecule level. The experimental procedures to examine the chemical reactions using the STM are briefly described. The mechanism for the </span>photodissociation reaction of (CH</span></span>₃S)₂<span> molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces is discussed based on both the experimental results obtained with the STM and the electronic structures calculated by density functional theory<span>. The dissociation reaction of the (CH</span></span>₃S)₂ molecule induced by the optically excited plasmon in the STM junction between a Ag tip and metal substrate is also described. The reaction mechanism and pathway of this plasmon-induced chemical reaction are discussed by comparison with those proposed in plasmon chemistry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 163-176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy by STM of phonons at solid surfaces and interfaces","authors":"Emi Minamitani ,&nbsp;Noriaki Takagi ,&nbsp;Ryuichi Arafune ,&nbsp;Thomas Frederiksen ,&nbsp;Tadahiro Komeda ,&nbsp;Hiromu Ueba ,&nbsp;Satoshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Inelastic electron tunneling<span><span> spectroscopy (IETS) combined with scanning tunneling microscopy<span><span> (STM) allows the acquisition of vibrational signals at surfaces. In STM-IETS, a tunneling electron may excite a vibration, and opens an inelastic channel in parallel with the elastic one, giving rise to a change in conductivity of the STM junction. Until recently, the application of STM-IETS was limited to the localized vibrations of single atoms and molecules adsorbed on surfaces. The theory of the STM-IETS spectrum in such cases has been established. For the collective lattice dynamics, i.e., </span>phonons, however, features of STM-IETS spectrum have not been understood well, though in principle STM-IETS should also be capable of detecting phonons. In this review, we present STM-IETS investigations for surface and interface phonons and provide a theoretical analysis. We take surface phonons on Cu(1 1 0) and interfacial phonons relevant to graphene on SiC substrate as illustrative examples. In the former, we provide a theoretical formalism about the inelastic phonon excitations by tunneling electrons based on the </span></span>nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) technique applied to a model Hamiltonian constructed in momentum space for both electrons and phonons. In the latter case, we discuss the experimentally observed spatial dependence of the STM-IETS spectrum and link it to local excitations of interfacial phonons based on </span></span><em>ab-initio</em> STM-IETS simulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 131-145"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2415678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations of organic ultrathin films: Correlation between geometrical structures and unoccupied electronic states","authors":"Takashi Yamada,&nbsp;Toshiaki Munakata","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we summarize recent progress in experimental approaches to the investigation of the unoccupied electronic structures of organic ultrathin films, based on a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. At the molecule/substrate interface, electronic structures are greatly affected by the geometrical structures of adsorbed molecules. In addition, a delicate balance between substrate-molecule and intermolecular interactions plays an important role in the formation of complex polymorphism. In this context, we have clarified the correlation between geometric and electronic structures using a combination of two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Organic ultrathin films of metal phthalocyanines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, rubrene and perylene) on graphite substrates were examined as model systems. Depending on the substrate temperature and coverage, unique morphologies, including well-ordered films, a metastable phase and a two-dimensional gas-like phase, were determined at the molecular level. The data show that variations in molecular orientation have a significant impact on the occupied/unoccupied electronic structures. In addition to static information regarding electronic states, ultrafast electron excitation and relaxation dynamics can be tracked in real time on the femtosecond scale by time-resolved 2PPE spectroscopy. The excited electron dynamics of rubrene films are discussed herein, taking into account structural information, in the presence and absence of an overlap of the wave function with the substrate. Spatial resolution at the molecular level is also obtainable via STM-based local spectroscopy and mapping, which have been utilized to elucidate the spatial extent of unoccupied orbitals in real space. Visible photon emissions from the unoccupied states of perylene monolayer films were observed using 2PPE, representing a characteristic deexcitation process from electronically excited states, depending on the surface structure. These spectroscopic and molecular level microscopic investigations provide fundamental insights into the electronic properties of organic/substrate interfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 108-130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water at surfaces and interfaces: From molecules to ice and bulk liquid","authors":"Tomoko K. Shimizu ,&nbsp;Sabine Maier ,&nbsp;Albert Verdaguer ,&nbsp;Juan-Jesus Velasco-Velez ,&nbsp;Miquel Salmeron","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structure and growth of water films on surfaces is reviewed, starting from single molecules to two-dimensional wetting layers, and liquid interfaces<span><span><span>. This progression follows the increase in temperature and vapor pressure from a few degrees Kelvin in ultra-high vacuum, where Scanning Tunneling and </span>Atomic Force Microscopies (STM and AFM) provide crystallographic information at the molecular level, to ambient conditions where surface sensitive spectroscopic techniques provide electronic structure information. We show how single molecules bind to metal and non-metal surfaces, their </span>diffusion<span> and aggregation. We examine how water molecules can be manipulated by the STM<span> tip via excitation of vibrational and electronic modes, which trigger molecular diffusion<span> and dissociation. We review also the adsorption and structure of water on non-metal substrates including mica, alkali halides, and others under ambient humid conditions. We finally discuss recent progress in the exploration of the molecular level structure of solid-liquid interfaces, which impact our fundamental understanding of corrosion and electrochemical processes.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 87-107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2415677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action spectroscopy of single molecules reactions with STM – My personal view back from 2001-","authors":"H. Ueba","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Having obtained an invitation to submit this personal view back to 2001 when I started to work with Prof. Maki Kawai for developing a theory of lateral hopping of a single CO molecule on Pd (1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;0) with Bo Persson, I briefly describe how I got an idea for elementary processes of vibrationally mediated reactions of single molecules on metal surfaces. During the work with Prof. S.G. Thihodeev on a theory of inelastic &lt;/span&gt;electron tunneling&lt;span&gt; spectroscopy (IETS) with scanning tunneling spectrum (STM-IETS), I found that IET current is expressed in terms of a vibrational density of states of a single molecule. This enabled me to propose a formula for a reaction rate &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; or yield per electron &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, here &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; is a tunneling current, &lt;em&gt;i.e.,&lt;/em&gt; action spectrum (STM-AS) of a single molecule reaction. I applied this formula to reproduce the experimental result of a CO molecule hopping on Pd (1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0) surface and more insights into the elementary process were revealed. Thomas Frederiksen and Magus Paulsson jointed me to develop a general formula of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and successfully applied it to analyse the experimental results of H-atom relay reaction of a linear chain, H(D)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-OH(D)-O(D) H → H(D)-H(D)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-OH(D)  → H(D)-H(D)-OH(D)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; that was observed by Takashi Kumagai and Hiroshi Okuyama. Actually a hydrogen atom excited at one end of a linear chain composed of H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and several OH generates another one at the other end. We employed our formula of to reproduce the experimental result of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. It was found that excitation of the three characteristic vibrational modes (free OH/OD stretch, OH&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; = OD&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; stretch, and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O scissors, where H&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; = D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; denotes the shared H/D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; atom in the H bond) were involved in the relay reaction. It was remarked that the OH(D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt;) = OD(D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; stretch modes are significantly redshifted from free OH/OD stretch and also characterized by very large broadening. The significant mode softening with respect to the free stretch modes and spectacular enhancement of the width are known to originate in the strong anharmonic character of a single H bond. Thomas investigated the reaction pathway from total energy calculations for the H-atom transfer reaction by the nudged elastic band method. The initial step is translation of the shared H-atom to the center &lt;/span&gt;hydroxyl, which is almost barrierless. The subsequent H-bond cleavage between OH and the center water molecule ","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3390899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitride layers on uranium surfaces","authors":"Kezhao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Yin Hu ,&nbsp;Huoping Zhong ,&nbsp;Qifa Pan ,&nbsp;Lizhu Luo ,&nbsp;Shouchuang Chen ,&nbsp;Yongbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhong Long","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Uranium as an important energy material plays a significant role within the field of material sciences and nuclear industrial applications. However, metallic uranium is chemically active in ambient environment and is easily oxidized and corroded, leading to not only deterioration of its properties and failure of performance as working components but also nuclear pollution of the environment. Therefore, the development of corrosion protection<span><span> systems for metallic uranium is an issue of prime importance. In view of the nitridation technology in Ti and Fe-based alloys, the successful application to improve the surface wear hardness and corrosion resistance, several nitridation methods have been developed for the surface modification of metallic uranium. Many studies have shown that the surface nitridation of metallic uranium can efficiently improve its corrosion resistance. The surface oxidation layer thickness is as thin as several nanometers even if placed 4 years in the atmosphere. At the present, nitridation of uranium surface is considered as the most promising surface modification way to protect uranium from corrosion. To design and fabricate </span>nitride<span> layers on uranium surface with reliable long-term protective effects, however, one needs deep understanding on the relationships among the physical and chemical properties of the nitride layers, the composition and structure of the layers, and the dependence on the techniques and the processing parameters. One also needs deep understanding on the corrosion behavior of the prepared nitride layers in the environment, and the related corrosion mechanism.</span></span></p><p>In this review, we bring to the readers the achievements and recent advances on the uranium nitridation in the world, including the processing techniques and the related studies on the formation mechanism of the nitride layers, and the understanding on the property-processing-corrosion performance relationship of the layers, aiming at the development of high-performance resistance layers for metallic uranium by the surface nitridation technique. In the review (1) the surface nitridation techniques developed recently, the relationship between the preparation parameters and the composition as well as the structure of the surface layer are summarized; (2) the fundamental physical properties of the uranium nitrides are summarized, depicted and discussed; (3) the influence of the nitrides structure and composition and of the environment on resistance to corrosion as well as the formation mechanism of corroded products in oxidizing environments are depicted and discussed; (4) the potential application of uranium nitrides in other application field such as the application of thermal-electrical conversion is also discussed. Finally, the prospective on the investigations of nitride layers is suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 3","pages":"Pages 47-84"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2120070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ studies of oxide nucleation, growth, and transformation using slow electrons","authors":"Jan Ingo Flege ,&nbsp;David C. Grinter","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Surface processes such as metal oxidation and metal oxide growth invariably influence the physical and chemical properties of materials<span> and determine their interaction with their surroundings and hence their functionality in many technical applications. On a fundamental level, these processes are found to be governed by a complex interplay of thermodynamic variables and kinetic constraints, resulting in a rich variety of material-specific phenomena. In this review article, we discuss recent results and insights on transition metal oxidation and rare-earth oxide growth acquired by low-energy electron microscopy and related techniques. We demonstrate that the use of </span></span><em>in situ</em><span> surface sensitive methods is a prerequisite to gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts and the mechanisms responsible for the emerging oxide structure and morphology. Furthermore, examples will be provided on how structural and chemical modifications of the oxide films<span> and nanostructures can be followed in real-time and analyzed in terms of local reactivity and cooperative effects relevant for heterogeneous model catalysis.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 2","pages":"Pages 21-45"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single magnetic adsorbates on s-wave superconductors","authors":"Benjamin W. Heinrich ,&nbsp;Jose I. Pascual ,&nbsp;Katharina J. Franke","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In superconductors<span>, magnetic impurities induce a pair-breaking potential for Cooper pairs, which locally affects the Bogoliubov </span></span>quasiparticles<span> and gives rise to Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR or Shiba, in short) bound states in the density of states<span> (DoS). These states carry information on the magnetic coupling strength of the impurity with the superconductor, which determines the many-body ground state properties of the system. Recently, the interest in Shiba physics<span> was boosted by the prediction of topological superconductivity and Majorana modes in magnetically coupled chains and arrays of Shiba impurities.</span></span></span></p><p><span>Here, we review the physical insights obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy into single magnetic adsorbates on the </span><em>s</em><span>-wave superconductor lead (Pb). We explore the tunneling processes into Shiba states, show how magnetic anisotropy affects many-body excitations, and determine the crossing of the many-body ground state through a quantum phase transition. Finally, we discuss the coupling of impurities into dimers and chains and their relation to Majorana physics.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 1","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}