Progress in Surface Science最新文献

{"title":"Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations of organic ultrathin films: Correlation between geometrical structures and unoccupied electronic states","authors":"Takashi Yamada,&nbsp;Toshiaki Munakata","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we summarize recent progress in experimental approaches to the investigation of the unoccupied electronic structures of organic ultrathin films, based on a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. At the molecule/substrate interface, electronic structures are greatly affected by the geometrical structures of adsorbed molecules. In addition, a delicate balance between substrate-molecule and intermolecular interactions plays an important role in the formation of complex polymorphism. In this context, we have clarified the correlation between geometric and electronic structures using a combination of two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Organic ultrathin films of metal phthalocyanines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, rubrene and perylene) on graphite substrates were examined as model systems. Depending on the substrate temperature and coverage, unique morphologies, including well-ordered films, a metastable phase and a two-dimensional gas-like phase, were determined at the molecular level. The data show that variations in molecular orientation have a significant impact on the occupied/unoccupied electronic structures. In addition to static information regarding electronic states, ultrafast electron excitation and relaxation dynamics can be tracked in real time on the femtosecond scale by time-resolved 2PPE spectroscopy. The excited electron dynamics of rubrene films are discussed herein, taking into account structural information, in the presence and absence of an overlap of the wave function with the substrate. Spatial resolution at the molecular level is also obtainable via STM-based local spectroscopy and mapping, which have been utilized to elucidate the spatial extent of unoccupied orbitals in real space. Visible photon emissions from the unoccupied states of perylene monolayer films were observed using 2PPE, representing a characteristic deexcitation process from electronically excited states, depending on the surface structure. These spectroscopic and molecular level microscopic investigations provide fundamental insights into the electronic properties of organic/substrate interfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 108-130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water at surfaces and interfaces: From molecules to ice and bulk liquid","authors":"Tomoko K. Shimizu ,&nbsp;Sabine Maier ,&nbsp;Albert Verdaguer ,&nbsp;Juan-Jesus Velasco-Velez ,&nbsp;Miquel Salmeron","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structure and growth of water films on surfaces is reviewed, starting from single molecules to two-dimensional wetting layers, and liquid interfaces<span><span><span>. This progression follows the increase in temperature and vapor pressure from a few degrees Kelvin in ultra-high vacuum, where Scanning Tunneling and </span>Atomic Force Microscopies (STM and AFM) provide crystallographic information at the molecular level, to ambient conditions where surface sensitive spectroscopic techniques provide electronic structure information. We show how single molecules bind to metal and non-metal surfaces, their </span>diffusion<span> and aggregation. We examine how water molecules can be manipulated by the STM<span> tip via excitation of vibrational and electronic modes, which trigger molecular diffusion<span> and dissociation. We review also the adsorption and structure of water on non-metal substrates including mica, alkali halides, and others under ambient humid conditions. We finally discuss recent progress in the exploration of the molecular level structure of solid-liquid interfaces, which impact our fundamental understanding of corrosion and electrochemical processes.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 87-107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2415677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action spectroscopy of single molecules reactions with STM – My personal view back from 2001-","authors":"H. Ueba","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Having obtained an invitation to submit this personal view back to 2001 when I started to work with Prof. Maki Kawai for developing a theory of lateral hopping of a single CO molecule on Pd (1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;0) with Bo Persson, I briefly describe how I got an idea for elementary processes of vibrationally mediated reactions of single molecules on metal surfaces. During the work with Prof. S.G. Thihodeev on a theory of inelastic &lt;/span&gt;electron tunneling&lt;span&gt; spectroscopy (IETS) with scanning tunneling spectrum (STM-IETS), I found that IET current is expressed in terms of a vibrational density of states of a single molecule. This enabled me to propose a formula for a reaction rate &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; or yield per electron &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, here &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; is a tunneling current, &lt;em&gt;i.e.,&lt;/em&gt; action spectrum (STM-AS) of a single molecule reaction. I applied this formula to reproduce the experimental result of a CO molecule hopping on Pd (1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0) surface and more insights into the elementary process were revealed. Thomas Frederiksen and Magus Paulsson jointed me to develop a general formula of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and successfully applied it to analyse the experimental results of H-atom relay reaction of a linear chain, H(D)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-OH(D)-O(D) H → H(D)-H(D)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-OH(D)  → H(D)-H(D)-OH(D)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; that was observed by Takashi Kumagai and Hiroshi Okuyama. Actually a hydrogen atom excited at one end of a linear chain composed of H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and several OH generates another one at the other end. We employed our formula of to reproduce the experimental result of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. It was found that excitation of the three characteristic vibrational modes (free OH/OD stretch, OH&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; = OD&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; stretch, and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O scissors, where H&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; = D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; denotes the shared H/D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt; atom in the H bond) were involved in the relay reaction. It was remarked that the OH(D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt;) = OD(D&lt;sup&gt;∗&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; stretch modes are significantly redshifted from free OH/OD stretch and also characterized by very large broadening. The significant mode softening with respect to the free stretch modes and spectacular enhancement of the width are known to originate in the strong anharmonic character of a single H bond. Thomas investigated the reaction pathway from total energy calculations for the H-atom transfer reaction by the nudged elastic band method. The initial step is translation of the shared H-atom to the center &lt;/span&gt;hydroxyl, which is almost barrierless. The subsequent H-bond cleavage between OH and the center water molecule ","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 4","pages":"Pages 146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3390899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitride layers on uranium surfaces","authors":"Kezhao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Yin Hu ,&nbsp;Huoping Zhong ,&nbsp;Qifa Pan ,&nbsp;Lizhu Luo ,&nbsp;Shouchuang Chen ,&nbsp;Yongbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhong Long","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Uranium as an important energy material plays a significant role within the field of material sciences and nuclear industrial applications. However, metallic uranium is chemically active in ambient environment and is easily oxidized and corroded, leading to not only deterioration of its properties and failure of performance as working components but also nuclear pollution of the environment. Therefore, the development of corrosion protection<span><span> systems for metallic uranium is an issue of prime importance. In view of the nitridation technology in Ti and Fe-based alloys, the successful application to improve the surface wear hardness and corrosion resistance, several nitridation methods have been developed for the surface modification of metallic uranium. Many studies have shown that the surface nitridation of metallic uranium can efficiently improve its corrosion resistance. The surface oxidation layer thickness is as thin as several nanometers even if placed 4 years in the atmosphere. At the present, nitridation of uranium surface is considered as the most promising surface modification way to protect uranium from corrosion. To design and fabricate </span>nitride<span> layers on uranium surface with reliable long-term protective effects, however, one needs deep understanding on the relationships among the physical and chemical properties of the nitride layers, the composition and structure of the layers, and the dependence on the techniques and the processing parameters. One also needs deep understanding on the corrosion behavior of the prepared nitride layers in the environment, and the related corrosion mechanism.</span></span></p><p>In this review, we bring to the readers the achievements and recent advances on the uranium nitridation in the world, including the processing techniques and the related studies on the formation mechanism of the nitride layers, and the understanding on the property-processing-corrosion performance relationship of the layers, aiming at the development of high-performance resistance layers for metallic uranium by the surface nitridation technique. In the review (1) the surface nitridation techniques developed recently, the relationship between the preparation parameters and the composition as well as the structure of the surface layer are summarized; (2) the fundamental physical properties of the uranium nitrides are summarized, depicted and discussed; (3) the influence of the nitrides structure and composition and of the environment on resistance to corrosion as well as the formation mechanism of corroded products in oxidizing environments are depicted and discussed; (4) the potential application of uranium nitrides in other application field such as the application of thermal-electrical conversion is also discussed. Finally, the prospective on the investigations of nitride layers is suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 3","pages":"Pages 47-84"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2120070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ studies of oxide nucleation, growth, and transformation using slow electrons","authors":"Jan Ingo Flege ,&nbsp;David C. Grinter","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Surface processes such as metal oxidation and metal oxide growth invariably influence the physical and chemical properties of materials<span> and determine their interaction with their surroundings and hence their functionality in many technical applications. On a fundamental level, these processes are found to be governed by a complex interplay of thermodynamic variables and kinetic constraints, resulting in a rich variety of material-specific phenomena. In this review article, we discuss recent results and insights on transition metal oxidation and rare-earth oxide growth acquired by low-energy electron microscopy and related techniques. We demonstrate that the use of </span></span><em>in situ</em><span> surface sensitive methods is a prerequisite to gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts and the mechanisms responsible for the emerging oxide structure and morphology. Furthermore, examples will be provided on how structural and chemical modifications of the oxide films<span> and nanostructures can be followed in real-time and analyzed in terms of local reactivity and cooperative effects relevant for heterogeneous model catalysis.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 2","pages":"Pages 21-45"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single magnetic adsorbates on s-wave superconductors","authors":"Benjamin W. Heinrich ,&nbsp;Jose I. Pascual ,&nbsp;Katharina J. Franke","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In superconductors<span>, magnetic impurities induce a pair-breaking potential for Cooper pairs, which locally affects the Bogoliubov </span></span>quasiparticles<span> and gives rise to Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR or Shiba, in short) bound states in the density of states<span> (DoS). These states carry information on the magnetic coupling strength of the impurity with the superconductor, which determines the many-body ground state properties of the system. Recently, the interest in Shiba physics<span> was boosted by the prediction of topological superconductivity and Majorana modes in magnetically coupled chains and arrays of Shiba impurities.</span></span></span></p><p><span>Here, we review the physical insights obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy into single magnetic adsorbates on the </span><em>s</em><span>-wave superconductor lead (Pb). We explore the tunneling processes into Shiba states, show how magnetic anisotropy affects many-body excitations, and determine the crossing of the many-body ground state through a quantum phase transition. Finally, we discuss the coupling of impurities into dimers and chains and their relation to Majorana physics.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"93 1","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2018.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon upconversion towards applications in energy conversion and bioimaging","authors":"Qi-C. Sun ,&nbsp;Yuchen C. Ding ,&nbsp;Dodderi M. Sagar ,&nbsp;Prashant Nagpal","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The field of plasmonics can play an important role in developing novel devices for application in energy and healthcare. In this review article, we consider the progress made in design and fabrication of upconverting nanoparticles<span><span><span> and metal nanostructures for precisely manipulating light photons, with a wavelength of several hundred nanometers, at nanometer length scales, and describe how to tailor their interactions with molecules and surfaces so that two or more lower energy photons can be used to generate a single higher energy photon in a process called photon upconversion. This review begins by introducing the current state-of-the-art in upconverting </span>nanoparticle synthesis<span><span> and achievements in color tuning and upconversion enhancement. Through understanding and tailoring physical processes, color tuning and strong upconversion enhancement have been demonstrated by coupling with surface plasmon </span>polariton waves, especially for low intensity or diffuse infrared radiation. Since more than 30% of incident sunlight is not utilized in most </span></span>photovoltaic cells, this photon upconversion is one of the promising approaches to break the so-called Shockley-Queisser thermodynamic limit for a single junction solar cell. Furthermore, since the low energy photons typically cover the biological window of optical transparency, this approach can also be particularly beneficial for novel biosensing and bioimaging techniques. Taken together, the recent research boosts the applications of photon upconversion using designed metal nanostructures and nanoparticles for green energy, bioimaging, and therapy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"92 4","pages":"Pages 281-316"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3390900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional silica opens new perspectives","authors":"Christin Büchner,&nbsp;Markus Heyde","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, silica films have emerged as<!--> <!-->a novel class of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Several groups succeeded in epitaxial growth of ultrathin SiO₂ layers using different growth methods and various substrates. The structures consist of tetrahedral [SiO₄] building blocks in two mirror symmetrical planes, connected via oxygen bridges. This arrangement is called a silica bilayer as it is the thinnest 2D arrangement with the stoichiometry SiO₂ known today. With all bonds saturated within the nano-sheet, the interaction with the substrate is based on van der Waals forces. Complex ring networks are observed, including hexagonal honeycomb lattices, point defects and domain boundaries, as well as amorphous domains. The network structures are highly tuneable through variation of the substrate, deposition parameters, cooling procedure, introducing dopants or intercalating small species.</p><p>The amorphous networks and structural defects were resolved with atomic resolution microscopy and modeled with density functional theory and molecular dynamics. Such data contribute to our understanding of the formation and characteristic motifs of glassy systems. Growth studies and doping with other chemical elements reveal ways to tune ring sizes and defects as well as chemical reactivities. The pristine films have been utilized as molecular sieves and for confining molecules in nanocatalysis. Post growth hydroxylation can be used to tweak the reactivity as well.</p><p>The electronic properties of silica bilayers are favourable for using silica as insulators in 2D material stacks. Due to the fully saturated atomic structure, the bilayer interacts weakly with the substrate and can be described as quasi-freestanding. Recently, a<!--> <!-->mm-scale film transfer under structure retention has been demonstrated. The chemical and mechanical stability of silica bilayers is very promising for technological applications in 2D heterostacks.</p><p>Due to the impact of this bilayer system for glass science, catalysis and the field of 2D materials, a large number of theoretical and experimental studies on silica bilayers have been reported in the last years. This review aims to provide an overview on the insights gained on this material and to point out opportunities for further discovery in various fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"92 4","pages":"Pages 341-374"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2621771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doped and codoped silicon nanocrystals: The role of surfaces and interfaces","authors":"Ivan Marri,&nbsp;Elena Degoli,&nbsp;Stefano Ossicini","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Si nanocrystals have been extensively studied because of their novel properties and their potential applications in electronic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic, </span>thermoelectric and biological devices. These new properties are achieved through the combination of the quantum confinement of carriers and the strong influence of surface chemistry. As in the case of bulk Si the tuning of the electronic, optical and transport properties is related to the possibility of doping, in a controlled way, the nanocrystals. This is a big challenge since several studies have revealed that doping in Si nanocrystals differs from the one of the bulk. Theory and experiments have underlined that doping and codoping are influenced by a large number of parameters such as size, shape, </span>passivation<span> and chemical environment of the silicon nanocrystals. However, the connection between these parameters and dopant localization as well as the occurrence of self-purification effects are still not clear. In this review we summarize the latest progress in this fascinating research field considering free-standing and matrix-embedded Si nanocrystals both from the theoretical and experimental point of view, with special attention given to the results obtained by ab-initio calculations and to size-, surface- and interface-induced effects.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"92 4","pages":"Pages 375-408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2415679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface and interface sciences of Li-ion batteries","authors":"Taketoshi Minato ,&nbsp;Takeshi Abe","doi":"10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application potential of Li-ion batteries is growing as demand increases in different fields at various stages in energy systems, in addition to their conventional role as power sources for portable devices. In particular, applications in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage are increasing for Li-ion batteries. For these applications, improvements in battery performance are necessary. The Li-ion battery produces and stores electric power from the electrochemical redox reactions<span> between the electrode materials. The interface between the electrodes and electrolyte strongly affects the battery performance because the charge transfer causing the electrode redox reaction begins at this interface. Understanding of the surface structure, electronic structure, and chemical reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interface is necessary to improve battery performance. However, the interface is located between the electrode and electrolyte materials, hindering the experimental analysis of the interface; thus, the physical properties and chemical processes have remained poorly understood until recently. Investigations of the physical properties and chemical processes at the interface have been performed using advanced surface science techniques. In this review, current knowledge and future research prospects regarding the electrode–electrolyte interface are described for the further development of Li-ion batteries.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":416,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Surface Science","volume":"92 4","pages":"Pages 240-280"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2120190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}