Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR最新文献

{"title":"Protective Effect of <i>Tilia americana</i> var. <i>mexicana</i> Against Kainic Acid-induced Damage in Brain, Liver, and Kidney: Behavioral and Biochemical Changes.","authors":"Elvia Coballase-Urrutia,&nbsp;Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Liliana Carmona-Aparicio,&nbsp;Vicente Sánchez-Valle,&nbsp;Liliana Rivera-Espinosa,&nbsp;José Pedraza-Chaverri,&nbsp;Hortencia Montesinos-Correa,&nbsp;Edith Bello-Robles,&nbsp;Aristides Iii Sampieri,&nbsp;David Martínez-Vargas,&nbsp;Leticia Granados-Rojas,&nbsp;María Eva González-Trujano","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-126914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-126914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tiliaamericana</i> var. <i>mexicana (Tilia)</i> possesses anticonvulsant, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. The spectrum of anticonvulsant activity in status epilepticus models has not been sufficiently explored. We evaluated the effects of ethyl acetate (EAc), and methanol (ME) extracts on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures by measuring rats'behavior (severity and latency) and lipoperoxidation in different brain areas (cerebellum, brain hemispheres, cortex, and medulla), kidneys, and liver. Male Wistar rats were administered KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) after three days of pretreatment with <i>Tilia</i> extract (100 mg/kg). The EAc and ME <i>Tilia</i> extracts significantly decreased the severity of phase 1 and phase 2 seizures, respectively. The ME <i>Tilia</i> extract increased the latency to seizure (27 ± 2 min) compared to the control (13 ± 2 min). The ME and EAc <i>Tilia</i> extracts significantly prevented the increased lipid peroxidation caused by KA-induced seizures in the cerebellum, brain hemispheres, cortex, medulla, liver, and kidneys. The vehicle olive oil (OO) also showed anticonvulsant effects, decreasing the severity of seizures to phase 3 and lipoperoxidation levels in the cerebellum, brain hemispheres, cortex, medulla, liver, and kidneys. The anticonvulsant activity of <i>Tilia</i> is mediated by antioxidant effects in central and systemic areas that involve synergistic interactions among the chemical constituents of these extracts (glucosides of quercetin and kaempferol), while vehicle OO showed the same effects, probably due to its constituent oleuropein.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e126914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/fc/ijpr-21-1-126914.PMC9420231.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective and Simple Determination of Isoquinoline Alkaloids in <i>Papaver</i> Species by Ion Mobility Spectrometry.","authors":"Fateme Tajabadi,&nbsp;Farahnaz Khalighi-Sigaroodi,&nbsp;Majid Ghorbani Nahooji,&nbsp;Mona Ghiaci-Yekta,&nbsp;Seyed Vahid Ghasemi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-127037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-127037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a fast and precise method for determining three opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, and thebaine) in different parts of some <i>Papaver</i> species was developed and validated with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 - 0.20 mg/L. The proposed method was based on three extraction steps by alkaline aqueous solution/chloroform/acidic aqueous solution and analysis by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After optimizing IMS parameters based on an experimental design, IMS was applied to analyze the extracts of seeds, stems, leaves, and capsules of seven <i>Papaver</i> species collected from different regions of Iran. All prepared samples were analyzed by HPLC and IMS at the same time. Then, the obtained results of the two instrumental methods were compared. The HPLC did not detect morphine in the prepared samples, while IMS results showed trace amounts of morphine in the capsules and leaves of four <i>Papaver</i> species. Other results were comparable and showed that IMS is more sensitive, affordable, and faster than HPLC for alkaloid analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e127037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/d7/ijpr-21-1-127037.PMC9420235.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Artemisia haussknechtii</i> Boiss.","authors":"Sajjad Nasseri,&nbsp;Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi,&nbsp;Farshad H Shirazi,&nbsp;Faraz Mojab","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-126917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-126917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytotoxic activity of crude extract and fractions (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and n-butanol) of <i>Artemisia haussknechtii</i> aerial parts was investigated by MTT assay. Dichloromethane fraction showed the highest cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line (IC₅₀ = 297.17 ± 7.99 µg/mL). Phytochemical analysis of the most effective fraction was carried out using normal phase column chromatography (CC) to get eight sub-fractions (A-H). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for further purification. Four known compounds with cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines were isolated from the most active fraction, including 5-Hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (eupatilin 7-methyl ether), 5-hydroxy 3,3',4',6,7-pentamethoxy-flavone (artemetin), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (scopoletin), and methyl caffeate. Structure elucidation of isolated compounds was done using spectroscopic techniques, including ESIMS and 1D-NMR (¹H and ¹³C). Cytotoxic activity of <i>A. haussknechtii</i> is probably due to coumarin and flavonoid compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e126917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f2/cc/ijpr-21-1-126917.PMC9420210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Product Life Cycle of Generic Medicines.","authors":"Atefeh Mousavi,&nbsp;Hossein Zare,&nbsp;Aydin Asadian,&nbsp;Mehdi Mohammadzadeh","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-127039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-127039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Product life cycle (PLC) refers to the time ranging from when a product is introduced into the market to when it is taken off the shelves. The PLC management can guarantee product survival and prevent its decline.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated generic antibiotic PLCs and detected factors affecting them in the competitive pharmaceutical market of Iran to improve the PLC management of such drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To study the PLC of antibiotics, data were collected from 2002 to 2017, and then the PLC curves were analyzed. Accordingly, factors affecting the PLC of antibiotics were illustrated in two sections: all PLC curves and the PLC curves with one sales peak. Using a generalized linear model combined with a machine learning approach, we identified the sales patterns and the effect of the product-related and the competition-related factors on the PLC curves, peak height, and the time to reach peak sales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the findings, 16, 11.87, 13.03, and 59% of the antibiotics had linear, binomial, one-peak, and oscillating sales patterns, respectively. The most crucial factors affecting the PLC shape were the quality, microbial spectrum, dosage forms, number of competitors, and entry arrangement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study examined factors affecting the PLC patterns of generic pharmaceutical products. The findings would provide more insights into the generic pharmaceutical market as one of the less-studied markets in many countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e127039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/9e/ijpr-21-1-127039.PMC9420220.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Monitoring System on Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins in Iran's Pistachio Nuts Exported to the E.U. During 2012 - 2018.","authors":"Ali Dini,&nbsp;Ali Esmaeili Nadimi,&nbsp;Khosro Behmaram","doi":"10.5812/ijpr.123951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr.123951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pistachio has high nutritional value and popularity. The susceptibility of pistachio to aflatoxin contamination caused establishing a monitoring system introduced and implemented by the Ministry of Health in Iran to ensure consumers' access to safe and hygienic pistachios. In this research, aflatoxin contamination level in all consignments (7298) exporting to E.U. was examined using HPLC with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean up from Nov 2012 to Oct 2018. The average recoveries ranged 78.6% - 97.6%, with a relative standard deviation for reproducibility below 8.5% and expanded uncertainty of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at spiked levels 1, 4, and 8 ng/g were 0.17, 0.57, 0.89 ng/g, respectively. The results showed that aflatoxin B1 and total (AFT) were detected in 1921 (23.4%) and 1927 cases (23.5%), with the mean values ranging from 2.18 - 4.6 ng/g and 2.8 - 5.1 ng/g during six consecutive years, respectively. Implementing an effective monitoring system for pistachio nuts could determine consignments contaminated with aflatoxins. Concerning AFB1, risk assessments recorded for dietary exposure dose, margin of exposure (MOE), Hazard Index (HI), estimated liver cancer risk, and cancer incidence attributable to dietary ranged 0.0132 - 0.1180 ng/kg.bw/day, 1441 - 12843, 0.21 - 1.84, 0.00071 - 0.00633 cases/10⁵ population/year, 0.02 - 0.2%, respectively. Identification and rejection of contaminated cargos lead to an increase in MOE (> 10000), and it also guarantees that pistachio consumption is safe from a toxicology point of view. Due to the monitoring system, the estimation of liver cancer incidence attributable to dietary AFB1 was reduced (≤ 0.02%). It indicates that the consumption of pistachio poses no health risk for Europeans and Iranians.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e123951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/ce/ijpr-21-1-123951.PMC9191219.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40404785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Properties of the Genus <i>Symphytum</i> L.: A Review.","authors":"Elaheh Mahmoudzadeh,&nbsp;Hossein Nazemiyeh,&nbsp;Sanaz Hamedeyazdan","doi":"10.5812/ijpr.123949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr.123949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Symphytum</i> genus has been mainly used in traditional medicine, containing its anti-inflammatory activity. <i>Symphytum</i> spp.'s active components, such as allantoin, polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, can act on several intentions in the signaling pathway, constrain pro-inflammatory enzymes, reducing the construction of inflammatory chemokine's and cytokines, and decreasing oxidative stress, which afterward suppresses inflammation procedures. Preclinical and clinical trials have reported the prevailing anti-inflammatory effect of several <i>Symphytum</i> species. This review presents an overview of the anti-inflammatory activities of different products and bioactive constituents in this genus. The papers with the English language were gathered from 2000 to 2021. This review may provide a scientific base for establishing innovative and alternative techniques for isolating a single individual from this genus to attenuate inflammatory disorders. The <i>Symphytum</i> genus is waiting for researchers to develop safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents for additional investigation of other different mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e123949"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/e5/ijpr-21-1-123949.PMC9420230.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) Protocol for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Maryam Sadat Mirenayat,&nbsp;Atefeh Abedini,&nbsp;Arda Kiani,&nbsp;Alireza Eslaminejad,&nbsp;Parisa Adimi Naghan,&nbsp;Majid Malekmohammad,&nbsp;Jalal Heshmatnia,&nbsp;Seyed Alireza Nadji,&nbsp;Esmaeil Idani,&nbsp;Reyhaneh Zahiri,&nbsp;Somayeh Lookzadeh,&nbsp;Hakimeh Sheikhzade,&nbsp;Farzaneh Dastan,&nbsp;Mihan Porabdollah Toutkaboni,&nbsp;Mitra Sadat Rezaei,&nbsp;Elham Askari,&nbsp;Payam Tabarsi,&nbsp;Majid Marjani,&nbsp;Afshin Moniri,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian,&nbsp;Behrooz Farzanegan,&nbsp;Zahra Abtahian,&nbsp;Fatemeh Yassari,&nbsp;Nazanin Mansouri,&nbsp;Davood Mansouri,&nbsp;Maryam Vasheghani,&nbsp;Babak Mansourafshar,&nbsp;Mojtaba Mokhber Dezfoli,&nbsp;Salman Soleimani,&nbsp;Sharareh Seifi,&nbsp;Farah Naghashzadeh,&nbsp;Atefeh Fakharian,&nbsp;Mohammad Varahram,&nbsp;Hamidreza Jamaati,&nbsp;Alireza Zali,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Velayati","doi":"10.5812/ijpr.123947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr.123947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than a year after the onset of the coronavirus disease pandemic in 2019, the disease remains a major global health issue. During this time, health organizations worldwide have tried to provide integrated treatment guidelines to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at different levels. However, due to the novel nature of the disease and the emergence of new variants, medical teams' updating medical information and drug prescribing guidelines should be given special attention. This version is an updated instruction of the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) in collaboration with a group of specialists from Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, which is provided to update the information of caring clinicians for the treatment and care of COVID-19 hospitalized patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e123947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/08/ijpr-21-1-123947.PMC9191225.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting EGFR Tyrosine Kinase: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Quinazolinone Derivatives.","authors":"Manijeh Nematpour,&nbsp;Elham Rezaee,&nbsp;Maryam Nazari,&nbsp;Omid Hosseini,&nbsp;Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai","doi":"10.5812/ijpr.123826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr.123826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impaired cell cycle regulation and disturbance in signal transduction pathway are two major causes of a condition defined as cancer, one of the significant reasons for mortality worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been commonly used as anticancer agents, and the majority of this medications possess quinazoline moiety as a heteroaromatic core. In this study, two novel series of EGFR-TKIs containing quinazolinone core were designed and synthesized. Most compounds showed reasonable inhibitory activity against EGFR-TK compared to that of erlotinib, a reversible inhibitor of this enzyme. Compound 8b, 2-((2-chlorobenzyl)amino)-6-phenoxyquinazolin-4(1H)-one, with an IC₅₀ value of 1.37 nM exhibited the highest potency. Molecular docking study of compound 8b showed that it had the same direction of erlotinib and formed proper hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the important amino acid residues of the active site. Based on in-silico calculations of ADME properties, our novel compounds have the potential to be orally active agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e123826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/37/ijpr-21-1-123826.PMC9191221.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Nanosuspensions of Triiodoaniline Derivative New Contrast Agent, and Investigation into Its Cytotoxicity and Contrast Properties.","authors":"Mehmet Koca,&nbsp;Rukiye Sevinç Özakar,&nbsp;Emrah Ozakar,&nbsp;Recep Sade,&nbsp;Berhan Pirimoğlu,&nbsp;Nihal Şimsek Özek,&nbsp;Ferhunde Aysin","doi":"10.5812/ijpr.123824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr.123824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iodine-based contrast agents have limitations such as rapid clearance, potential renal toxicity, non-specific blood pool distribution, headache, and adverse events. Nowadays, it is quite common to work with nanosized systems in order to eliminate the side effects of contrast agents. This study aims to synthesize a new iodinated contrast agent, prepare its nanosuspension by using the nanoprecipitation method, investigate its cytotoxicity, and compare its contrast properties with iohexol and iopromide through in-vitro experiments. The values of nanosuspension particle size and zeta potential have been found to be ~ 400 nm and ~ (-) 15 mV, respectively. In-vitro cellular viability findings indicated that the nanosuspension has lower cytotoxicity than the iohexol and iopromide. In the computed tomography (CT) imaging study of contrast features of nanosuspensions and two commercial agents, which involved 86 CT examinations using 31 parameters and two different devices, it was found that iodine had a stronger presence in its nanosuspension form than in iohexol and iopromide, which were the other two commercial contrast agents, when used in equal amounts. Thus in the case of nanosuspensions contrast brightness was achieved by using less iodine, while the same brightness could be obtained with higher doses of iohexol and iopromide. CT imaging therefore be done without much chemical use, which indicates that it may witness fewer side effects in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e123824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/fe/ijpr-21-1-123824.PMC9191222.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Multifaceted Evaluation Tool for Electronic Prescribing System: A Study from a Developing Country.","authors":"Mahnaz Samadbeik,&nbsp;Maryam Ahmadi,&nbsp;Farahnaz Sadoughi,&nbsp;Ali Garavand","doi":"10.5812/ijpr.123821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr.123821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluation of electronic prescribing systems (EPS) can contribute to their quality assurance, and motivate users and policy-makers to implement these systems, directly influencing the health of society. An appropriate evaluation tool plays a determining role in the identification of proper EPS. The present study aimed to develop a multifaceted evaluation tool for assessing the EPS. This study was conducted in two main steps in 2018. In the first step, we conducted a literature review to find the main features and capabilities of the prosperous EPS. In the second step, a Delphi method was used for determining the final criteria for evaluating EPS. After preparing a primary questionnaire based on the first step results, 27 expert stakeholders from related fields participated in this 3-phase Delphi study. The narrative content analysis and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The final evaluation tool consists of 61 questions in 10 main dimensions, including practical capabilities of the process/user and patient safety, data storage and transfer, prescription control and renewal, technical functions, user interfaces, security and privacy, reporting, portability, hardware and infrastructure, and system failure/recovery. The evaluation tool developed in this study can be used for the critical appraisal of features of EPS. It is recommended that this multifaceted evaluation tool be employed to help buyers compare different systems and assist EPS software vendors in prioritizing their activities regarding the system development. By using this tool, healthcare organizations can also choose a system that improves many aspects of health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"e123821"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/6d/ijpr-21-1-123821.PMC9191228.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40408511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}