Measuring Equipment and Metrology最新文献

{"title":"LPG ACCOUNTING SPECIFICITY DURING ITS STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION","authors":"Oleksiy Zivenko","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125197722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF CALORIMETRIC METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL GAS CALORIFIC VALUE","authors":"Andrij Motalo, V. Motalo","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2021.03.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.03.032","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the current methods of measuring the calorific value of natural gas which are valid in the upto-date gasometry. The procedure for measuring the gross and net volume-basis specific calorific value of natural gas by the calorimetric method is analyzed. It is shown that to increase the accuracy and validity of measurement results, the experiment to determine the values of gross and net volume-basis specific calorific should be performed for at least 5 samples of the investigated gas. A methodology for estimating the accuracy of measuring the gross and net volume-basis specific calorific values of natural gas by the calorimetric method by finding estimates of the uncertainty of the obtained measurement results taking into account both random and systematic influencing factors are developed. The uncertainty budgets for measuring the gross and net volumebasis-specific calorific values of natural gas have been developed for the practical implementation of the methodology. The results of experimental studies of samples of one of the natural gas fields are given and the objective values of the gross and net volumebasis specific calorific with estimates of extended uncertainty are obtained.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126413038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CALIBRATION OF HIGH AND ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY POWER METERS IN THE RANGE OF UP TO 30 MHZ","authors":"O. Velychko, Serhii Kursin, Valentyn Gaman","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2022.04.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2022.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"High-frequency (HF) and ultra-high-frequency (UHF) power measurements are applied in various industries both in the development and design of radio-electronic equipment and in testing, commissioning, or repair. Since such measurements are one of the basic types of measurement for metrological support in the field of radio engineering and communication, it is necessary to ensure metrological traceability of the calibration of working standards and measuring instruments to standards on fundamental constants in wide frequency and dynamic ranges. The National primary standard of Ukraine for units of power of electromagnetic oscillations in coaxial paths reproduces units of power in the frequency range 0.03 … 18 GHz, and the frequency range of the nomenclature of watt-meters and power converters are much wider – from 9 kHz, and for some types of converters even from direct current. The calibration and measurement capabilities of HF and UHF power measurement of national laboratories of different countries were studied for the possibility of solving the issue of expanding the frequency range of calibration of HF and UHF power meters. The analysis of data on the calibration factor and the efficiency factor in coaxial paths with a resistance of 50 Ohm in the Database of Key Comparisons of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures was carried out. A study of possible solutions was carried out and a scheme was developed to reproduce a unit of power by units of voltage and resistance using a precision voltmeter Boonton 9242 RF for the calibration of measuring transducers Rohde&Schwarz NRP-Z55 and NRP6A in the frequency range from 0.1 … 30 MHz. A reproduction model was created based on the developed scheme, and the contributions of the reproduction model components to the calibration result and the corresponding uncertainties of the model components were estimated. The measurement uncertainty budget was drawn up based on the proposed calibration model of radio signal power measuring transducers.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125711744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GROUP EXPERT EVALUATION OF QUALITY CRITERIA OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE FIELD OF METROLOGY AND INFORMATION-MEASURING TECHNIQUE","authors":"T. Gordiyenko, O. Velychko","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2022.01.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2022.01.035","url":null,"abstract":"The article's urgency of researching the importance of the applied national criteria for the quality of the educational program (CQEP) for higher education institutions (HEI) was established. The approach to group expert assessment of the weight of CQEP for the educational program (EP) in the field of metrology and information-measuring technique was studied. Members of one of the sectoral expert councils on technical specialties are involved in carrying out such assessments. To achieve this goal, the composition and requirements of the CQEP sub-criteria are analyzed, the algorithm of group expert assessment of the CQEP weight was proposed and substantiated, and the priority of the CQEP sub-criteria based on the conducted assessment was established. Conducting a quality assessment of EPs by experts and the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education according to clearly established criteria and sub-criteria helps to improve the quality of EPs of HEI. Although the HEI should pay attention to all the established criteria (sub-criteria), more attention should be paid to those identified by experts as the most important and those that significantly affect the quality of EP. It is established that such criteria include, first of all, training through research, human resources, teaching, and learning in the educational program. At the same time, the experts of technical specialties have the most doubts about the sub-criteria of the CQEP for internal quality assurance of the EP (K8), and this criterion itself is not considered important by them. At the same time, a large number of CQEP sub-criteria regarding the structure and content of the EP are also questionable, although they consider this criterion to be important. Therefore, these sub-criteria of the CQEP need special attention during the next revision of the set of CQEP to better balance the system of sub-criteria of the CQEP.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127379887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURFACE TEMPERATURE DIAGNOSIS OF CRACKS ORIGIN IN THE STRENGTH-DEFORMED METALS","authors":"S. Prohorenko, S. Yatsyshyn, N. Hablovska, Maryna Kononenko","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"The results of theoretical studies on the correspondence of the numerical value of the critical density of internal energy to the value of the enthalpy of melting and the structural-energy analogy between the processes of mechanical destruction and melting are analyzed. The physical picture of the distribution of temperature field formed at the time of the birth defect, assuming considered previously investigated defect-free matter and assuming that the temperature redistribution in volume and at the surface is uniform. Analytical and numerical analysis of the heat wavefront arrival created by the growing elemental defect depending on its depth is carried out. The obtained results of the experimental researches with the help of the created control system allowed us to approach the question of prediction of the depth of occurrence of micro defects arising as result of plastic deformation. The calculations have been worked out and practically tested for future applications with the system of external impulse contactless convection perturbation. As a result of studying the temperature-time dependences of the temperature distribution on opposite surfaces of the object of study, and depending on the depth of occurrence of the source of energy changes, the possibility of determining the location of the defect was experimentally determined, provided that the temperature sensors were located in the micro defects zone. For the creation of model quasi-point heating of a real research object corresponding to the model object, a non-contact “quasi-point” heatconvection type heater was developed with the ability to form a temperature difference – up to 100 K/mm. The results of the researches are the basis for the improvement of the existing system of control of the development of microcracks in stressdeformed metal structures.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116809075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEPENDENCE OF THE PYROMETRIC MEASURING TEMPERATURE ON THE EMISSIVITY FACTOR OF OBJECTS","authors":"I. Mykytyn, Pylyp Skoropad","doi":"10.23939/ISTCMTM2019.01.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/ISTCMTM2019.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"Study of the dependence of the temperature determination error on the emissivity factor of materials is conducted in the paper. The mathematical models, which describe the ratio of thermodynamic temperature and measured imaginary temperatures, taking into account the emissivity factor, are analyzed. The constructions of the full radiation, brightness radiation, and spectral ratio radiation pyrometers are underpinned by the considered models. Analyzing the mathematical models of radiation thermometers (or pyrometers), one can observe a fundamental circumstance that interferes with the wide application of pyrometry, namely, lack of knowledge or even the mere absence of information on the true numerical values of the emissivity factor of the objects. When measuring the temperature of objects that fall under the classification of “real body”, there arise serious problems with the reliability of its determination. The vast majority of modern pyrometers, which are calibrated by a blackbody, compute the data received from sensitive element of the pyrometer into temperature values, not taking into account the real value of the object’s emissivity factor. Thus, if the latter is 0.1, and the pyrometer is graded by the blackbody, then, only ~10 % of its radiation energy is perceived by sensitive element of the pyrometer. As result, the determined temperature value is substantially lower than the actual one. It can be argued that the lack of information about a real numeric value of the monitored object’s emissivity factor is the determining source of distortion of the measurement result. The problem is further complicated by the fact that the mentioned factor is the parameter that depends on many factors, and in particular on the temperature, which is exactly to define. The paper presents the results of the study of the dependence of the absolute measurement error of temperature on emissivity factor for different types of pyrometers. The accuracy of measuring the temperature with pyrometric means is minimal only for measuring the black body or gray body by the spectral ratio pyrometers. The error of measuring the temperature of real object differs significantly from the error of the black body. This is due to the ignorance of the true value of the emissivity factor of the real object. Therefore, presetting of this factor in pyrometers that is recommended by most pyrometers guidelines is completely incorrect.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131019909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DATA CLEANING METHOD IN WIRELESS SENSOR-BASED ON INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Roman Diachok, H. Klym","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2022.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2022.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"The method of cleaning management data in wireless sensor networks based on intelligence technology has been studied. Specific forms of application of wireless sensor networks are analyzed. The characteristics of the structure of wireless sensor networks are presented and the data cleaning technology based on the clustering model is offered. An algorithm for deleting a cluster-based replication record is proposed and the accuracy of data cleaning methods is tested. The obtained results testify to the efficiency of using the studied method.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132461095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF THERMOMETRIC MATERIAL Er1-xScxNiSb. II. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS","authors":"V. Krayovskyy, V. Pashkevych, A. Horpenuk, V. Romaka, Y. Stadnyk, L. Romaka, A. Horyn","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2021.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a comprehensive study of the crystal and electronic structures, kinetic and energetic performances of the semiconductor thermometric material Er1-xScxNiSb, (x=0–0.1) are presented. Microprobe analysis of the concentration of atoms on the surface of Er1-xScxNiSb samples established their correspondence to the initial compositions of the charge, and the diffractograms of the samples are indexed in the structural type of MgAgAs. Because the atomic radius Sc (rSc=0.164 nm) is smaller than that of Er (rEr=0.176 nm), it is logical to reduce the values of the unit cell's period a(x) Er1-xScxNiSb, which correlate with the results of mathematical modeling. The temperature dependences of the resistivity ln(ρ(1/T)) contain high- and low-temperature activation regions, which are specific for semiconductors and indicate the location of the Fermi level in the bandgap, and positive values of the thermopower coefficient a(x, T) specify its position – near the valence band . This result does not agree with the results of modeling the electronic structure for its ordered version. The presence of a low-temperature activation region on the ln(ρ(1/T)) p-ErNiSb dependence with an activation energy =0.4 meV indicates the compensation of the sample provided by acceptors and donors of unknown origin. A decrease in the values of the resistivity ρ(x, T) and the thermopower coefficient a(x, T) points to an increase in the concentration of holes in p-Er1- xScxNiSb in the area of concentrations x=0–0.03. This is possible in a p-type semiconductor only by increasing the concentration of the main current carriers, which are holes. The fact of increasing the concentration of acceptors in Er1-xScxNiSb at insignificant concentrations of impurity atoms is also indicated by the nature of the change in the values of the activation energy of holes from the Fermi level to the valence band . Consequently, if in p-ErNiSb the Fermi level was at a distance of 45.4 meV from the level of the valence band , then at the concentration Er1-xScxNiSb, x=0.01, the Fermi level shifted towards the valence band and was located at a distance of 13.6. Since the Fermi level reflects the ratio of ionized acceptors and donors in the semiconductor, its movement by x=0.01 to the valence band is possible either with an increase in the number of acceptors or a rapid decrease in the concentration of ionized donors. At even higher concentrations of Sc impurity in p-Er1-xScxNiSb, x≥0.03, low-temperature activation sites appear on the ln(ρ(1/T)) dependences, which is a sign of compensation and evidence of the simultaneous generation of acceptor and donor structural defects in the crystal nature. This is also indicated by the change in the position of the Fermi level in the bandgap of the semiconductor Er1-xScxNiSb, which is almost linearly removed from the level of the valence band : (x=0.05)=58.6 meV and (x=0.10)=88.1 meV. Such a movement of the Fermi level during doping of a p-type semiconductor i","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127918681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF SENSITIVE ELEMENTS OF TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS BASED ON THERMOMETRIC MATERIAL Lu1-xScxNiSb","authors":"V. Pashkevych, V. Krayovskyy, Petro Haranuk, V. Romaka, Y. Stadnyk, L. Romaka, A. Horyn","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2022.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2022.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"The results of experimental studies of sensitive elements of temperature transducers based on semiconductor thermometric material Lu1-xScxNiSb, x=0.01–0.10, are presented. Thermometric materials Lu1-xScxNiSb were made by fusing a mixture of components in an electric arc furnace with a tungsten electrode (cathode) in an atmosphere of purified argon under a pressure of 0.1 kPa on a copper water-cooled hearth (anode). Heat treatment of alloys consisted of homogenizing annealing for 720 h in vacuumed to 1.0 PA at a temperature of 1073 K. Arrays of diffraction data of X-ray diffraction studies were obtained on a powder diffractometer STOE STADI-P, and using the program Fullprof calculated structural characteristics. The chemical and phase compositions of the samples were monitored by metallographic analysis (scanning electron microscope Tescan Vega 3 LMU). The basis of the sensitive element of the resistance thermometer on Lu1-xScxNiSb materials is polycrystalline samples in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds with a size of 0.5 × 0.5 × 5 (mm3 ), to which the contacts are made of copper and/or platinum wire. Experimental measurements of electrical resistance values were performed using the four-contact method, and the values of the thermopower coefficient by the potentiometric method concerning copper and/or platinum. The thermoelectric pair platinumthermometric material was the basis of the thermoelectric converter. Modeling of thermometric characteristics of sensitive elements of the thermometer of resistance of the thermoelectric converter is carried out by a full potential method of linearized plane waves (Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Waves, Elk software package). The results of experimental measurements served as reference currents in modeling the characteristics. X-ray phase analysis showed the homogeneity of the studied samples of thermometric materials Lu1-xScxNiSb, as evidenced by the absence of traces of extraneous phases on the diffractograms. The dependences of the period of the unit cell a(x) Lu1-xScxNiSb are not linear, which indicates more complex structural changes than the one-act substitution of the Lu atom by Sc. Measurements of the values of the specific magnetic susceptibility χ (T, x) were performed by the relative Faraday method at T=273 K using a thermogravimetric installation with an electronic microbalance EM-5-ZMP in magnetic fields up to 10 kGs. Experimental studies of the specific magnetic susceptibility of χ(x) sensitive elements have shown that the samples at all concentrations are Pauli paramagnetics, and the value of χ(x) is determined by the electron gas. In this case, the values of the magnetic susceptibility χ(x) are proportional to the density of electronic states at the Fermi level g(εF). In the area of concentrations x=0–0.02, the values of magnetic susceptibility χ(x) undergo insignificant changes, which indicates small changes in the concentration of current carriers. At a concentration x>0.02 ","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128951905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF THE DIELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL WOOD","authors":"Andrii Lagun, Oleksandr Mamro, Volodymyr Yalechko","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, we consider the model of pulse signal distortion in the computer sound card channel. The use of such a model allows expanding the possibilities of using computers in the researches of the wood properties in the form of various dielectric characteristics analysis, in particular using the computer sound card channel. This makes it possible to verify the state of the signal propagation channel during the experiment. This experiment researches samples of wood for the presence of defects. Also is proposed an approach to constructing the distortion model. It allows to expand the possibilities of investigating the parameters of the pulse signal and to verification the state of the channel during the research of the dielectric properties of wood. To research, a sample of wood using a computer sound card is developed a structured scheme that allows you to analyze the characteristics of pulse signals during the measurement process. To determine the dielectric parameters of different types of industrial wood is developed the software in the MATLAB environment. Using it is analyzed complex pulse signals that used during the research. In particular, were taken into account different currents of wood polarization and dielectric characteristics.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116885851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}