{"title":"Development of On-Chip Calibration for Hybrid Pixel Detectors","authors":"P. Skrzypiec, R. Szczygiel","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417021","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor hybrid pixel detectors of X-ray radiation are recently commonly used in many fields, such as material science, medicine, and synchrotron measurements. One of the most common problems to be solved in the pixel detector design are offsets and gain spreads in the readout electronics, which come from very small sizes of the transistors used. The mentioned problem can be mitigated by implementing a “digital-assisted analog” design approach, where the offsets are corrected by trimming digital-to-analog converters (DACs), fed with proper digital data. To find the correct input value for each DAC, the execution of the calibrating procedure is necessary, which is usually run using assistive devices, such as PCs or FPGAs, and is a time-consuming task. This paper presents the concept of the pixel matrix detector on-chip calibration, that enables standalone improvement of the device accuracy. The proposed solution integrates the RISC-V-based microprocessor, Pixel Matrix Controller, and pixel matrix detector inside the single integrated circuit. The solution does not require data transfer out of the chip and is therefore significantly faster than off-chip methods.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131240026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Neural Network Approximation via Bayesian Reasoning","authors":"A. Savino, Marcello Traiola, S. Carlo, A. Bosio","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417057","url":null,"abstract":"Approximate Computing (AxC) trades off between the accuracy required by the user and the precision provided by the computing system to achieve several optimizations such as performance improvement, energy, and area reduction. Several AxC techniques have been proposed so far in the literature. They work at different abstraction levels and propose both hardware and software implementations. The standard issue of all existing approaches is the lack of a methodology to estimate the impact of a given AxC technique on the application-level accuracy. This paper proposes a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian networks to quickly estimate the impact of a given approximation technique on application-level accuracy. Moreover, we have also shown how Bayesian networks allow a backtrack analysis that automatically identifies the most sensitive components. That influence analysis dramatically reduces the space exploration for approximation techniques. Preliminary results on a simple artificial neural network shown the efficiency of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130194732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Sentieys, Silviu-Ioan Filip, David Briand, D. Novo, Etienne Dupuis, Ian O’Connor, A. Bosio
{"title":"AdequateDL: Approximating Deep Learning Accelerators","authors":"O. Sentieys, Silviu-Ioan Filip, David Briand, D. Novo, Etienne Dupuis, Ian O’Connor, A. Bosio","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417026","url":null,"abstract":"The design and implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for deep learning (DL) is currently receiving a lot of attention from both industrials and academics. However, the computational workload involved with CNNs is often out of reach for low power embedded devices and is still very costly when running on datacenters. By relaxing the need for fully precise operations, approximate computing substantially improves performance and energy efficiency. Deep learning is very relevant in this context, since playing with the accuracy to reach adequate computations will significantly enhance performance, while keeping quality of results in a user-constrained range. AdequateDL is a project aiming to explore how approximations can improve performance and energy efficiency of hardware accelerators in DL applications. This paper presents the main concepts and techniques related to approximation of CNNs and preliminary results obtained in the AdequateDL framework.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"144 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113980632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Nagy, D. Arbet, M. Kovác, M. Potocný, Michal Sovcík, V. Stopjaková
{"title":"EKV MOS Transistor Model For Ultra Low-Voltage Bulk-Driven IC Design","authors":"L. Nagy, D. Arbet, M. Kovác, M. Potocný, Michal Sovcík, V. Stopjaková","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417051","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses a development and evaluation of well-known EKV MOS transistor model with focus on the ultra low-voltage / ultra low-power analog IC design employing rather “exotic” bulk-driven technique. The presented contribution can be viewed as an extension of already established compact simulation model with modifications to the original parameter extraction flow. The article contains a brief description of EKV model fundamentals, a novel parameter extraction flow and most importantly, the comparison of developed EKV model with the foundry-provided BSIM model (v3.3) and the experimental measurement data obtained from prototype chip samples fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114777581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Stamenkovic, H. Aziza, Ernesto Sánchez, A. Bosio
{"title":"Tutorial: Silicon Systems for Wireless LAN","authors":"Z. Stamenkovic, H. Aziza, Ernesto Sánchez, A. Bosio","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417056","url":null,"abstract":"Up to date, there are very few publications covering all the steps (from the system-level to the transistor-level) necessary to design, model, verify, implement, integrate, and test a silicon system. Our tutorial targets this empty space and intents to bridge the gap between system and circuit designers, technologists, and physicist. It is extremely important nowadays (and will be more important in the future) for system and circuit designers to understand the physical implications of system and circuit solutions based on hardware/software codesign as well as for technologists and physicists to cope with the system and circuit requirements in terms of energy, speed, and data throughput.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123827136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Wen, Markus Ulbricht, E. Pérez, Xin Fan, M. Krstic
{"title":"Behavioral Model of Dot-Product Engine Implemented with 1T1R Memristor Crossbar Including Assessment","authors":"J. Wen, Markus Ulbricht, E. Pérez, Xin Fan, M. Krstic","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417070","url":null,"abstract":"Memristor is an emerging electrical device that enables non-volatile storage and in-memory computing. The memristive crossbar with high memory density and low energy consumption has drawn much attention for the implementation of dot-product engines, which can be deployed in power-hungry applications with intensive multiply-accumulate operations. However, simulating the crossbar containing a group of memristors based on the device-level modeling is time consuming. In this paper, we propose a model to simulate the memristive crossbar with high flexibility and automation at the behavioral level to perform the vector-matrix multiplication. This system-level model captures the non-linearity of memristors aiming for fast and accurate simulation. With the significantly reduced simulation time, this model enables simulating the systems containing memristive crossbar with large scale like neural networks in a more practical way. Moreover, this model can be exploited to analyze the effects of variations, which provides a condition and contributes to revealing potential computational errors. A multilayer perceptron detecting breast cancer is simulated based on this model to assess the classification accuracy with the presence of variabilities.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126338660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bosio, Mayeul Cantan, Cédric Marchand, Ian O’Connor, P. Fiser, A. Poittevin, Marcello Traiola
{"title":"Emerging Technologies: Challenges and Opportunities for Logic Synthesis","authors":"A. Bosio, Mayeul Cantan, Cédric Marchand, Ian O’Connor, P. Fiser, A. Poittevin, Marcello Traiola","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417062","url":null,"abstract":"In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates. Historically, logic synthesis was tightly related to the physical implementation of the logic gates. Nowadays, pushed by the forecasted end of Moore’s law, several emerging technologies (e.g., nanodevices, optical computing, quantum computing) are candidates to either replace or co-exist with the de facto standard CMOS technology. The main consequence of the rising of those emerging technologies is that the logic synthesis has to face new issues and, at the same time, exploits new opportunities. The goal of this paper is thus to present three emerging technologies (Vertical Nanowire Field Effect Transistors, Ferroelectric Transistors, and Memristors), how to use them to implement logic gates, and the main challenges and issues for the logic synthesis.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121532432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Logic Resynthesis of Majority-Based Circuits by Top-Down Decomposition","authors":"Siang-Yun Lee, Heinz Riener, G. Micheli","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417058","url":null,"abstract":"Logic resynthesis is the problem of finding a dependency function to re-express a given Boolean function in terms of a given set of divisor functions. In this paper, we study logic resynthesis of majority-based circuits, which is motivated by the increasing interest in majority logic optimization due to the recent development of beyond-CMOS technologies. To meet the need for an efficient majority resynthesis heuristic, we propose a top-down decomposition algorithm, whose complexity is linear to both n and m, where n is the number of divisors and m is the number of majority operations in the dependency function. We evaluate the resynthesis algorithms by using them in a resubstitution run applied on the EPFL benchmark suite. The experimental results show that, comparing to the state-of-the-art enumeration algorithm whose complexity grows exponentially with m, using the proposed decomposition Algorithm 1eads to 1.5% more circuit size reduction by lifting the limitation on m, within comparable runtime.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130969820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vukan D. Damnjanovic, Marija L. Petrovic, V. Milovanovic
{"title":"A Parameterizable Chisel Generator of Numerically Controlled Oscillators for Direct Digital Synthesis","authors":"Vukan D. Damnjanovic, Marija L. Petrovic, V. Milovanovic","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417063","url":null,"abstract":"Numerically controlled oscillators (NCOs) as part of direct digital synthesizers (DDS) are important components in many digital communication subsystems, such as various digital modulation and demodulation schemes, up and down converters, radar, sonar and laser appliances, etc. The vast number of their beneficial characteristics is what makes NCOs so widely used. Taking this into account, a parameterizable generator of numerically controlled oscillators is implemented using Chisel hardware design language. The proposed generator provides a broad range of parameter configurations, such as input and output data types and widths, the number of different output samples, optional use of spur-reducing techniques or different input interfaces, just to name a few. Numerous generated instances have been tested in software simulations and mapped and tested onto a commercial FPGA platform. Obtained results proved that a generator of this kind can legitimately be compared with custom designed NCO modules, both in terms of performance and resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"31 6-7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115651091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedded Test Instrument for Intermittent Resistive Fault Detection at Chip Level and Its Reuse at Board Level","authors":"Hassan Ebrahimi, H. Kerkhoff","doi":"10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS52668.2021.9417064","url":null,"abstract":"No-fault-founds (NFFs) threaten the dependability of highly dependable systems in avionic and car industries. Moreover, they drastically increase the test and maintenance costs. One of the main causes of NFFs is intermittent resistive faults (IRFs). IRFs mostly occur due to unstable and marginal interconnections. This paper proposes a new periodic testing method to detect IRFs in interconnections at the chip and the board level. The proposed method is based on on-chip embedded test instruments (ETIs), which are scalable, fully digital, and With a low hardware cost. As a case study, a network-on-chip (NoC) infrastructure with a mesh topology has been utilised. The implementation of the testing method requires a small chip area and power consumption overheads being 3% and 2.5%, respectively. In this paper, first, IRF detection at the chip level has been investigated using simulation-based fault injections in selected interconnections of the NoC. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed method at the board level has been verified by hardware-based fault injections as well as thermal cycling experiments on actual solder joints. The experimental results demonstrated that the on-chip ETIs can be reused effectively to detect IRFs at the board level.","PeriodicalId":415808,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129257568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}