{"title":"Optical comparator based on FLC LCOS technology","authors":"T. Wilkinson, N. New, W. Crossland","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869686","url":null,"abstract":"SLMs based on FLCs offer a potentially cheap and fast technology for optical systems. However, they are limited by their binary modulation. An efficient JTC can be implemented with FLC SLMs, if the 1/f or two pass architecture is used. It is shown how the 1/f system can be made into a very powerful yet optically simple processor when it is implemented with a liquid crystal over silicon binary phase modulator.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114798903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of CW-CRDS to monitor and control chemical vapor deposition","authors":"D. Green, J. Looney, G. Rubloff","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869712","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous wave excitation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CW-CRDS) is being developed for real time chemical sensing of volatile CVD byproducts (e.g. HF, H/sub 2/O) and as a quantitative and robust metrology tool for advanced process control methodologies.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126683848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Lee, S. Seo, S. Huang, Y. Joo, W. Doolittle, S. Fike, N. Jokerst, M. Brooke, A. Brown
{"title":"Design of a smart pixel multispectral imaging array using 3D stacked thin film detectors on Si CMOS circuits","authors":"K. Lee, S. Seo, S. Huang, Y. Joo, W. Doolittle, S. Fike, N. Jokerst, M. Brooke, A. Brown","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869697","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the design of a smart multispectral imaging system which can be fabricated with independently optimized detector arrays and Si CMOS circuits, which are stacked in three dimensions on top of one another for complete physical registration of the multispectral image. This smart multispectral imager utilizes the heterogeneous integration of thin film GaN (UV), MCT (MWIR), and Si CMOS circuitry to create an outstanding example of the power of heterogeneous integration for enhancing optical systems using electronic signal processing capabilities.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128990981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical monitoring techniques for WDM networks","authors":"Y. Chung","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869759","url":null,"abstract":"Future optical networks are envisioned to be dynamically reconfigurable-the optical channels are added/dropped or cross-connected frequently in the optical layer using wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) technologies. For the efficient operation and maintenance of these network, however, it is essential to monitor various parameters including the wavelength, optical power, optical signal-to-noise ratios, optical paths, etc. In this paper, we review the current status of WDM monitoring techniques and introduce the relevant research activities at KAIST.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133677986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wavefront compensation using liquid crystal spatial light modulators-scaling issues","authors":"D. Guthals, D. Sox, M. Joswick, P. Rodney","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869734","url":null,"abstract":"We have demonstrated compensation of a severely warped meter-class telescope and explored there performance. Real time holographic (RTH) compensation can permit the use of large imperfect mirrors of misphased mirror segments in aggressively lightweighted deployable optics. The technique can also compensate for dynamic aberrations introduced by vibrations and thermal loading. This can greatly reduce the weight and complexity of isolation and positioning systems for large deployable telescope systems. The optical efficiency of an optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM)-based holographic compensation system can approach 40%.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123469210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated opto-VLSI mobile multimedia communicator","authors":"K. Eshraghian","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869684","url":null,"abstract":"The new generation of personal interactive mobile multimedia mobile communication (M/sup 3/C) demand highly compact low power devices capable of image capture and display as well as low bit rate coding and transmission. The new design concept based upon integration of optics with that of electronics has facilitated the realisation of a novel intelligent pixel array architecture to create a real-time implementation of forward and inverse wavelet transform for image capture, in-situ processing and display. The processor consists of an array of intelligent pixel (IP) processing elements. Each element of the array incorporates three components: (a) a photodetector with associated analogue to digital converter for the conversion of the incident light; (b) embedded processor for implementation of parallel video codec algorithm; (c) a liquid crystal display for the conversion of the decoded incoming video stream to an optical output for display. To carry out the required video coding the IP array is used to emulate a mesh network of processing elements such that the inherent parallelism and interconnectivity of the architecture is fully exploited.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114922124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accuracy and precision of scatterometer measurements relative to conventional CD metrology","authors":"T. Hayes, R. Bowley, M. Littau, C. Raymond","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869723","url":null,"abstract":"Scatterometry is an emerging metrology technique for measuring critical dimensions (CD), profiles, and thicknesses within diffraction gratings printed on semiconductor film stacks. A 2/spl theta/ scatterometer was used to measure diffraction gratings on two film stacks: (1) front end of line logic gate stack, and (2) resist on anti-reflective coating (ARC) on silicon. The CD measurements of the scatterometer were compared to critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and cross-section scanning electron microscope (X-SEM) measurements. The correlation between scatterometer and CD-SEM measurements was analyzed using the Mandel technique of Archie and Banke where AFM and X-SEM measurements were used to characterize the \"real\" properties of the grating. Initial results indicated that the measured CD value by scatterometer and CD-SEM were linearly correlated with a sizeable offset. Further analysis of the correlation shows that the offset was pronounced at grating sidewall angles approaching 90/spl deg/. The effect of sidewall angle on CD-SEM to scatterometer correlation and results for precision and accuracy on the scatterometer are discussed relative to in-line stepper focus control.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129826262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Zhou, R.C. Wang, R. Runser, I. Glesk, P. Prucnal
{"title":"Perfectly synchronized bit-parallel WDM data transmission over a single optical fiber","authors":"D. Zhou, R.C. Wang, R. Runser, I. Glesk, P. Prucnal","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869767","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed and demonstrated a novel bit-level synchronization technique by perfectly synchronizing all bit-parallel WDM data transmitted over a 27.5 km single fiber. By sampling temporally skewed bit-parallel WDM data at a common overlapping range with an all optical switch (TOAD), the bit-parallel WDM channels emerge aligned exactly in time. Error free transmission on all WDM channels was achieved. The working range, where TOAD samples all overlapping bit-parallel WDM channels, is 220 ps for our particular experimental setup. For transmissions where the time skew exceeds 140 ps, traditional dispersion compensation techniques must be employed to contain the time-skew within 220 ps and to transmit longer distances.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129829606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. D. Wagner, D.A. Nash, J. Blair, E. Ressler, B. Shoop
{"title":"A partitioning scheme for optoelectronic neural networks","authors":"T. D. Wagner, D.A. Nash, J. Blair, E. Ressler, B. Shoop","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869703","url":null,"abstract":"Smart pixel technology provides a promising technological alternative for the implementation of the error diffusion network (EDN) because optical input, electronic processing, and optical output are integrated in a single array. While current smart pixel technology could support 256/spl times/256 array sizes, it is of interest to investigate partitioning approaches which use smaller physical array sizes to achieve the same functionality and performance as larger arrays. One approach to this partitioning is to divide a large image into smaller sub-images, multiplex these sub-images into a small smart pixel EDN, and then demultiplex the partitions into the resulting full-sized image. This concept is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128385154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasma diagnostics for semiconductor processing","authors":"H. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2000.869713","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency-modulated infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) and full-spectrum CCD-based optical emission spectroscopy (OES) are two powerful new tools for plasma diagnostics. This presentation focuses on the use of these diagnostics in plasma etch processing used for semiconductor manufacturing. In particular, IRLAS is finding extensive use in measuring absolute concentrations of gas phase radicals formed in the oxide etch process performed with fluorocarbon high-density plasma discharges. Knowledge of the absolute concentrations of reactant and product species formed in trace amounts during etching of oxide substrates is important for predicting the behavior of this complex plasma-surface interaction. These measurements are a critical element in a program for plasma etch model development, and are intended for validating computer simulation models of this complex process. Full-spectrum OES on the other hand is a more mature technology that is finding application in day-to-day semiconductor fab plasma processing operations like end-point and fault detection. With the development of CCD sensors and micromachined diffraction gratings, it has been possible to build miniaturized spectrometers mounted on computer boards that allow rapid acquisition of the complete UV-visible optical emission spectrum of the plasma. Chemometric multivariate statistical analysis of this full-spectrum database in real time is made possible by integrating the spectrometer with a fast portable computer. In combination, these techniques have been shown to provide superior sensitivity for detecting process end-point in real-time and information for process fault detection.","PeriodicalId":415720,"journal":{"name":"2000 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Electronic-Enhanced Optics. Optical Sensing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Electro-Optics in Space. Broadband Optical Networks (Cat. No.00TH8497)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128598136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}