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A Short Report on Newly Identified Manuscripts of Miṣbāḥ al-Arwāḥ: A Treatise Authorizing Takfīr in the Early Sokoto Caliphate 关于新发现的 Miṣābḥ al-Arwāḥ 手稿的简要报告：早期索科托哈里发授权 Takfīr 的论文
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-20240002
Kota Kariya
{"title":"A Short Report on Newly Identified Manuscripts of Miṣbāḥ al-Arwāḥ: A Treatise Authorizing Takfīr in the Early Sokoto Caliphate","authors":"Kota Kariya","doi":"10.1163/21540993-20240002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-20240002","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Miṣbāḥ al-arwāḥ fī uṣūl al-falāḥ</jats:italic>, written by a fifteenth-century Maliki scholar from Tlemcen, Muḥammad al-Maghīlī (d. <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>. 1505), had a great influence on the religious and legal thought of ʿUthmān b. Fūdī (d. 1817), the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and the issue of <jats:italic>takfīr</jats:italic> in the history of his jihad movement. Although this work has not been fully examined because only one manuscript was previously known, I recently identified two manuscripts of this work held at al-Khizāna al-Ḥasaniyya (<jats:sc>mss</jats:sc>. 13446 and 13722). In the present paper, I provide a brief examination of these newly identified manuscripts, particularly from the perspective of the historical study of the early Sokoto Caliphate.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No Longer ‘Christian’ Education: Ulama Edupreneurship in Ilorin 1995–2022 不再是 "基督教 "教育：1995-2022 年伊洛林的乌拉玛教育创业精神
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-20240001
Sakariyau Alabi Aliyu
{"title":"No Longer ‘Christian’ Education: Ulama Edupreneurship in Ilorin 1995–2022","authors":"Sakariyau Alabi Aliyu","doi":"10.1163/21540993-20240001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-20240001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to its Christian roots, western education in Nigeria was initially resisted by Muslims as Judeo-Christian agenda, despite some acquiescence and appropriation of values of western education for Islamic education system. However, from the mid-1980s, neoliberal economic policies led to decline of government responsibility over education, and by the new millennium, private enterprise had become the major provider of education in Nigeria. The fear of Christianisation through education particularly challenged the Muslims. Socio-economic contingencies and prodding by the Muslim populace encouraged some of the ulama to venture into edupreneurship. Using the infrastructures of the madrasa, they adapted by establishing Western-style nursery/primary schools, running the two systems in the same space but at different times. What are the arguments of these scholars? Using the analytical lens of adaptive position-taking, this paper argues that, apart from the economic benefits, the trend also broadens Muslims’ socio-economic and political agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A History of a Traveling Qurʾān Manuscript in Inhambane, Mozambique 《古兰经游记》ān莫桑比克伊尼扬巴内手稿
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-20230001
Chapane Mutiua
{"title":"A History of a Traveling Qurʾān Manuscript in Inhambane, Mozambique","authors":"Chapane Mutiua","doi":"10.1163/21540993-20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-20230001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present article traces the history of a Qurʾān manuscript that, according to oral testimony, travelled from Oman to Inhambane via Zanzibar between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The manuscript is kept at the Jam’a Mosque in the city of Inhambane, southern Mozambique. Inhambane fell under the sphere of influence of the ancient sheikhdom of Sofala, founded by Swahili Arab traders as part of the Zimbabwe gold trade in the eighth century ad and destroyed by the Portuguese in the early sixteenth century. The presence of this manuscript in Inhambane contradicts the general idea of a disconnect between the southern Mozambique region and Swahili trading networks as a result of the Portuguese presence in Sofala, Tete, Quelimane, and Mozambique Island. The properties of the manuscript, its materials (ink and paper), and its writing style (its script style and punctuation marks) are adduced, on the one hand, to argue that it was not produced in the territory of Mozambique; on the other hand, this highlights its connection with Qurʾān manuscripts produced in other parts of the western Indian Ocean region.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89187755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Formation of Muslim Minorities within a Muslim Majority Context: the Case of Shia Groups in Nigeria 穆斯林多数背景下穆斯林少数民族的形成:以尼日利亚什叶派群体为例
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-01302003
M. Ibrahim
{"title":"The Formation of Muslim Minorities within a Muslim Majority Context: the Case of Shia Groups in Nigeria","authors":"M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1163/21540993-01302003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01302003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Focusing on al-Ḥaraka al-Islamiyya fī Nayjīriyā (Islamic Movement in Nigeria), which is the largest Shia group in the country, this article examines Shia’s growth and social relations between its members and the Sunni majority. It analyses how the imn uses its structure, networks, and reform programs to spread Shia at the grassroots despite theological and political opposition from the Sunni majority. Beyond engaging in doctrinal polemics with the Sunnis, the Shias organized themselves into a well- structured religious movement with a political agenda challenging the Sunni majority and the Nigerian state. They are construed as a threat by the state, a notion supported by the Sunni Muslims within and outside the government. Subsequently, these dynamics inform how both Shia minorities and Sunni majority react to each other and how they both partake in remaking the wider social fabric of the society they share through interpersonal encounters and their relationship with the state.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80992988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minorities Between State and Sharia Discourses in African Muslim Societies 非洲穆斯林社会中国家与伊斯兰教法话语之间的少数民族
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-01302002
A. Tayob
{"title":"Minorities Between State and Sharia Discourses in African Muslim Societies","authors":"A. Tayob","doi":"10.1163/21540993-01302002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01302002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay proposes a framework for understanding the construction of religious groups and minorities in Muslim societies through two intersecting and inter-related discourses. The first is a discourse and experience of modern state formation with roots in Africa’s colonial history. And the second is a discourse of the Other in Islamic jurisprudence and theology. It builds on Talal Asad’s thesis that a modern state discourse of secular authority does not preclude religious symbols that shape religious minorities. However, the essay goes beyond Asad by showing that Muslim reformist groups also articulate a religious discourse on minorities and religious groups. The essay argues that a discursive construction of Muslim religious minorities and groups occurs through contemporary state and Islamic reformist discourses. The article presents Egypt and Nigeria as case studies to illustrate this construction.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80913879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ngo-ization as Legitimization: The “Engineering” of a Senegalese Shi‘i Islamic Development Model 作为合法化的非政府组织:塞内加尔什叶派伊斯兰发展模式的“工程”
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-01302005
M. Leichtman
{"title":"ngo-ization as Legitimization: The “Engineering” of a Senegalese Shi‘i Islamic Development Model","authors":"M. Leichtman","doi":"10.1163/21540993-01302005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01302005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Senegal’s Shi‘i Muslim leaders have been establishing religious centers as ngo s, which bring material and spiritual development to neighborhoods and villages. Obtaining ngo status grants legitimacy and convinces a growing network of followers of the wider benefits of adhering to a minority branch of Islam. This article uses a framework of “development brokerage,” “religious engineering,” and “translation” to examine one Shi‘i ngo’s presentation of self. A promotional video illustrates the Shi‘i development project for Western and Muslim donors and the Senegalese state by appropriating the global discourse of international development. This example is contrasted with a religious ceremony for converts grounded in the universal rhetoric of Islamic salvation and the exclusivity of belonging to a local West African community of Shi‘a. Through employing multiple linguistic registers strategically adapted for distinct audiences, ngo leaders assert authority and cultivate a self-sustaining society of moral and ethical Shi‘a able to contribute to the Senegalese nation.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83732888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconsidering the Intellectual Relationship between Muḥammad al-Maghīlī and ʿUthmān b. Fūdī: A Comparative Examination of Ajwiba and Sirāj al-Ikhwān 重新考虑Muḥammad al- magh ā l ā和al ā Uthmān b. Fūdī: Ajwiba和Sirāj al-Ikhwān的比较考察
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-01302004
Kota Kariya
{"title":"Reconsidering the Intellectual Relationship between Muḥammad al-Maghīlī and ʿUthmān b. Fūdī: A Comparative Examination of Ajwiba and Sirāj al-Ikhwān","authors":"Kota Kariya","doi":"10.1163/21540993-01302004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01302004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It has been frequently stated that ʿUthmān b. Fūdī (d. 1817), founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, was influenced by the works of Muḥammad al-Maghīlī (d.c. 1505), a Maliki jurist from Maghrib, in the formation of his religious and juristic views. However, their intellectual relationship has not been fully scrutinized based on a concrete and detailed comparison of their works. By closely comparing two of their well-known works (Ajwiba by al-Maghīlī and Sirāj al-ikhwān by ʿUthmān), I demonstrate that ʿUthmān did not blindly accept al-Maghīlī’s views but actively reorganized his predecessor’s words using selective quotations and strategic interpretations to justify his own thoughts and actions.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74206316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
End Times and the Modern World: The Ahmadiyya in Colonial Ghana 《末世与现代世界:加纳殖民地的艾哈迈迪亚派》
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-01302001
J. Hanson
{"title":"End Times and the Modern World: The Ahmadiyya in Colonial Ghana","authors":"J. Hanson","doi":"10.1163/21540993-01302001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01302001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Ahmadiyya, a messianic Muslim missionary movement that expanded globally from South Asia, provided religious, social, and educational services and offered a compelling End Times message in colonial Ghana. An Ahmadi missionary arrived at the invitation of African Muslims, who learned about the movement from the Ahmadiyya’s English-language publications. Africans negotiated the terms of the mission’s founding and supported the residence of a South Asian missionary. Other West African Muslim movements navigated the colonial era with reformed religious practices and organizational changes, and the Ahmadiyya was distinctive with its English-language schools and an eschatology based on its founder’s claims to receive divine revelation as the Messiah and Mahdi. Ghanaian Ahmadi Muslims were a small minority within an overall Muslim minority in Ghana. Their initiatives created a dynamic regional center in an expanding Ahmadiyya network.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"247 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74684949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: the Formation of Religious Minorities in Muslim Africa 引言:穆斯林非洲宗教少数群体的形成
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-01302000
Terje Østebø, Benedikt Pontzen
{"title":"Introduction: the Formation of Religious Minorities in Muslim Africa","authors":"Terje Østebø, Benedikt Pontzen","doi":"10.1163/21540993-01302000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01302000","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Minorities are not defined by mere numbers but must be considered as emergent formations within their wider surroundings. As such, minorities are defined by the relations to their majorities, especially by the differences to, but also by their exchanges with them, which have an impact on their lives and communal identities. Minorities emerge in larger processes and narratives by which their surrounding societies render themselves into imagined communities and thereby partake in the remaking of the wider social fabric. Focusing on religious minorities in Muslim Africa, this introduction to the special issue provides a framework for how to understand how various minorities form and how their minority status impacts how they live their religion, see themselves as members of society, and make claims towards the state. The introduction moreover reviews the scholarly work done on the different religious minorities found within Muslim Africa and presents the essays included in the special issue. Considering the resulting social dynamics and their surrounding debates, we move beyond an understanding of Muslim Africa as coined solely by its Sunni Muslim majority.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88600554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Of Patience and Pity: Rewriting and Reciting the Widely Travelled Islamic Poem “The Hawk and the Dove” in East Africa 耐心与怜悯:东非流传甚广的伊斯兰诗歌《鹰与鸽》的改写与背诵
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Islamic Africa Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1163/21540993-20220003
C. Vierke
{"title":"Of Patience and Pity: Rewriting and Reciting the Widely Travelled Islamic Poem “The Hawk and the Dove” in East Africa","authors":"C. Vierke","doi":"10.1163/21540993-20220003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-20220003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Swahili poem of “The Hawk and the Dove” (Kozi na Ndiwa) has long been popular along the Swahili coast. In brief, the poem tells the story of the prophet Musa, who is put to the test by the angels Mikaili and Jibrili, disguised as a dove and a hawk. The dove, fleeing the famished hawk, finds refuge in the folds of Musa’s clothes. The bird of prey, approaching Musa, claims its right to the dove, since it is hungry. Musa faces a dilemma: he understands the hawk’s argument but is also full of pity for the dove. When he finally offers to cut off a part of his own right thigh to feed the hawk, the birds reveal themselves as the two angels and praise the prophet.\u0000 “The Hawk and the Dove” has been a travelling Islamic poem par excellence: like many other popular Swahili Islamic poems dating back to the eighteenth, but mostly the nineteenth century – the heyday of Swahili Islamic poetry, having flourished amid the Sufi movements and their emphasis on poetry in vernacular languages as a means to ignite religious zeal in wider audiences – the poem is also based on sources that have widely travelled the Indian Ocean. Swahili poets creatively adapted them into Swahili verse, just as other Muslim poets in North Africa, West Africa, and, earlier, the Iberian Peninsula did for the discourses relevant to their own contexts. This contribution takes the double optic of providing a first text edition of the most ancient surviving Swahili manuscript of the poem. Secondly, I view the poem amid a longer history of circulation beyond the Swahili coast, as well as compare it with other popular, vernacular versions in the Arabic dialect of Algeria, Hausa in Nigeria, and the earlier adaptations by moriscos from the Iberian Peninsula in Aljamiado. This kaleidoscope of various rewritings of the story allows me to see the Swahili-specific readings more clearly in contrast.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89285850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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