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Early Irish grammarians and the study of speech sound 早期爱尔兰语法学家和语音研究
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2022.2050983
V. Krivoshchekova
{"title":"Early Irish grammarians and the study of speech sound","authors":"V. Krivoshchekova","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2022.2050983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2022.2050983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Irish grammatical tradition, with its thoroughly bilingual mindset, was one of the most prolific in early medieval Europe. Bringing together vernacular and Hiberno-Latin texts from ca. 700–900, this article explores Irish grammarians’ approaches to the linguistic study of sound on various levels, from single phonemes to complete phonological units. It is argued that the combination of corporeal and incorporeal views of speech sound displayed in the sources resulted from the symbiosis of Stoic and Aristotelian philosophy of language. The innovative and transformative character of Irish grammarians’ work is explored through an analysis of vernacular terminology for phonetics and phonology. Abbreviations: eDIL: The Electronic Dictionary of Irish Language; GL: Grammatici Latini; LSJ: Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon; PL: Patrologia Latina.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42671899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Definitions, dialectic and Irish grammatical theory in Carolingian glosses on Priscian: a case study using a close and distant reading approach 加洛林王朝《普里西安注释》中的定义、辩证法和爱尔兰语法理论:以近距离阅读法和远距离阅读法为例
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2022.2055960
Bernhard Bauer, V. Krivoshchekova
{"title":"Definitions, dialectic and Irish grammatical theory in Carolingian glosses on Priscian: a case study using a close and distant reading approach","authors":"Bernhard Bauer, V. Krivoshchekova","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2022.2055960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2022.2055960","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the links between a group of early medieval (ninth century) glossed copies of Priscian’s Institutiones grammaticae, including manuscripts from the Irish tradition as well as Carolingian manuscripts without overt Insular connections. The corpus comprises glosses on the chapter De uoce from eight manuscripts. Both Latin and Old Irish glosses are considered. The data is explored with a multi-disciplinary approach combining methodologies of network analysis, philology and intellectual history. At first, network analysis helps to establish overarching connections between the manuscripts based on their shared parallel glosses. These results are corroborated by a case-study of a pair of glosses which occurs across a number of manuscripts and whose origin can be traced back to Hiberno-Latin grammatical commentaries of the eighth and ninth centuries. Abbreviations: Ambros.: Ars Ambrosiana; Bern.: Ars Bernensis; Clem.: Clemens Scottus, Ars grammatica; DO: Donatus Ortigraphus, Ars grammatica; GL: Grammatici Latini; Laur.: Ars Laureshamensis; Mur.: Murethach, In Donati artem maiorem; Sed.: Sedulius Scottus, In Donati artem maiorem.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Chinese textbook of Manchu and its Western translations 中文满语教科书及其西方译本
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2022.2058342
Mariarosaria Gianninoto
{"title":"A Chinese textbook of Manchu and its Western translations","authors":"Mariarosaria Gianninoto","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2022.2058342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2022.2058342","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An Introduction to Manchu (Qīngwén qǐméng 清文啟蒙, 1730) is one of late imperial China’s most important Manchu-Chinese bilingual primers. Its third chapter, entitled ‘The Manchu Empty Words and Grammatical Particles’, is devoted to grammatical description and uses Chinese linguistic categories and terminology to describe Manchu morphology. An Introduction to Manchu was used as a teaching tool for European learners of Chinese and Manchu. Both Wylie and Hoffman adopted a contrastive approach for their English and Italian translations of ‘The Manchu Empty Words and Grammatical Particles’, in which they added references to Western linguistic categories and comparisons with European languages (Latin, Greek, French, English, Italian). The result was a merging of linguistic paradigms and terminologies. After briefly introducing this bilingual primer, the present paper focuses on the Western translations and presentations of its third chapter. The adaptation of Western and Chinese linguistic categories and terminologies to the description of Manchu is an interesting case of the hybridisation of descriptive categories and the circulation of linguistic knowledge.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60449403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The medieval life of language: grammar and pragmatics from Bacon to Kempe 中世纪的语言生活:从培根到肯普的语法和语用学
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2022.2026701
P. Russell
{"title":"The medieval life of language: grammar and pragmatics from Bacon to Kempe","authors":"P. Russell","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2022.2026701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2022.2026701","url":null,"abstract":"The episode in Chaucer’s Miller’s Tale when Alisoun permits Absolon to kiss some private part of her anatomy through the privy window is well known. His exclamation, ‘Fy! Allas!’ and her response ‘Tee-hee’ before slamming the window shut forms the subject of one of the central chapters of this volume on the pragmatics of medieval language and literature. It explores the history of medieval pragmatic theory and metapragmatic awareness across social discourses through a series of fascinating inter-related case-studies within a broadly Bakhtinian framework, engaging with cultural discourse analysis and conversational theory.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41679792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Explaining the foundations of global English. A review article on Global English and political economy, by John O’Regan (Routledge 2021) 解释全球英语的基础。一篇关于全球英语和政治经济学的评论文章，作者:John O 'Regan (Routledge出版社，2021)
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2021.2022324
R. Phillipson
{"title":"Explaining the foundations of global English. A review article on Global English and political economy, by John O’Regan (Routledge 2021)","authors":"R. Phillipson","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2021.2022324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2021.2022324","url":null,"abstract":"This is a complex, well-written book. The opening chapter is on political economy, followed by four chapters on the way capitalism has functioned in successive historical periods. In each of these John O’Regan (JOR) notes how English progressively became the supreme language of global power through exploring the dovetailing of political economy and language policy. The narrative integrates evidence from all continents of the synergies between corporate and government initiatives that consolidated the Anglo-American prestige variant of what JOR terms capital-centric English. In the first part of this review article I will present the principal ideas of each chapter, following which I suggest additional dimensions of how the globalisation of English was undertaken.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prescriptivism on its own terms. Perceptions and realities of usage in Siegenbeek’s Lijst (1847) 规定主义有其自身的条件。《希根贝克的清单》(1847)中用法的感知与现实
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2021.2011563
Marten van der Meulen, G. Rutten
{"title":"Prescriptivism on its own terms. Perceptions and realities of usage in Siegenbeek’s Lijst (1847)","authors":"Marten van der Meulen, G. Rutten","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2021.2011563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2021.2011563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1847, one of the first professors of Dutch, Matthijs Siegenbeek (1774–1854), published a purist word list entitled Lijst van woorden en uitdrukkingen met het Nederlandsch taaleigen strijdende, ‘List of words and expressions at odds with the nature of Dutch’. In this pamphlet, he condemned a variety of loanwords and loan translations. Siegenbeek refers regularly to the usage of disapproved variants, employing a variety of quantifiers and sociolinguistic references. How well such statements reflect the linguistic reality, however, is a contentious issue in studies of prescriptivism. In this paper, we study Siegenbeek’s pronouncements about usage against the backdrop of Curzan’s concept of restorative prescriptivism. By studying the use of different types of quantifiers, and matching these to a text collection of historical fiction from the time, we show that Siegenbeek’s statements about usage miss the mark for most specific variables. However, when we look at the average usage frequency, we see that as frequency terms increase in strength, so do the number of condemned variants, both for relative frequency and absolute frequency. Based on these results, we argue for a re-evaluation of the relationship between prescriptivism and usage, and a reappreciation of prescriptivists’ frequency judgements.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45214918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
‘A philosopher’s grammar’: Henry Sweet’s ‘general’, ‘universal’, and ‘philosophical grammar’
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2021.1974719
J. Subbiondo
{"title":"‘A philosopher’s grammar’: Henry Sweet’s ‘general’, ‘universal’, and ‘philosophical grammar’","authors":"J. Subbiondo","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2021.1974719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2021.1974719","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Henry Sweet (1845–1912) defined a philosophical grammar (which he referred to as philosophical, general and universal grammar) as a grammar ‘not concerned with the details of one special language or family of languages, but with the general principles that underlie the grammatical phenomena of all languages’ (1892: 3). His philosophical grammar, compared to the comparative philological grammars that dominated the nineteenth century, was not only far more expansive and inclusive, but it also reflected Sweet’s unique integration of practical and theoretical grammars. This paper focuses on Sweet’s philosophical grammar from its introduction in ‘Words, Logic, and Grammar’ (1876) to its role in A New English Grammar (1892) and The History of Language (1900a).","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44757562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Grammar–translation method? Why a history of the methods?Considerations from a Spanish perspective Grammar-translation方法?为什么是这些方法的历史?从西班牙的角度考虑
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2021.1996086
María José Corvo Sánchez
{"title":"Grammar–translation method? Why a history of the methods?Considerations from a Spanish perspective","authors":"María José Corvo Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2021.1996086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2021.1996086","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article seeks to draw attention to the particular situation regarding knowledge of the Grammar–Translation Method (GTM), or lack thereof, which still dominates a great part of the teaching and research scenes. Considering mainly what has been published in Spanish, it provides answers to the questions outlined in its title. To that end, it briefly addresses some aspects covered by research on the GTM which show how imprecise knowledge of this method can be. It focuses then on the teaching scene in Spain regarding the GTM in the context of a history of the methods. Its aim is to refute the belief presented in many academic forums by those who still assume that the History of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning begins with the GTM and summarise it as a history of the methods used to teach mainly grammatical contents.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Oral skills versus structural knowledge: the Reform Movement and the Grammar-Translation Method 口语技能与结构知识:改革运动与语法翻译方法
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2021.1996084
F. Klippel, Rolf Kemmler
{"title":"Oral skills versus structural knowledge: the Reform Movement and the Grammar-Translation Method","authors":"F. Klippel, Rolf Kemmler","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2021.1996084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2021.1996084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Considering the most significant international historical research on the history of language learning and teaching since the 1850s as a starting point, this paper builds on the four contributions to this special issue of Language & History to situate the two historical language teaching methods known as the Reform Method and the Grammar-Translation Method in more detail. Before introducing the origins of the Reform Method, the aims and approaches of these two methods are first considered. Then, based on the secondary literature, a brief investigation is made into the possible origins of the German term ‘Grammatik-Übersetzungsmethode’ and the English equivalent ’Grammar-TranslationMethod’, respectively. Finally, the question of whether the Reform Movement can be considered a success or a failure with respect to the dissemination of oral competencies is addressed.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44502202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phonetic Teachers and the Reform Movement: evidence from records of the IPA 语音教师与改革运动:来自国际音协记录的证据
IF 0.5 3区 文学
Language & History Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2021.1996085
M. Ashby, P. Ashby
{"title":"Phonetic Teachers and the Reform Movement: evidence from records of the IPA","authors":"M. Ashby, P. Ashby","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2021.1996085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2021.1996085","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work attempts to discover something about the hundreds of relatively obscure language teachers around the world who put Reform Movement principles to work in their teaching. We use the surviving records of the teachers’ memberships in the International Phonetic Association (IPA). At its foundation and for many years afterwards the IPA was primarily an association for language teachers, and the detailed membership lists which were regularly published in the Association’s journal provide a historical resource of great value, especially when used in conjunction with a recently-produced index which facilitates rapid searching. An exploratory study which focuses on early members in Australasia reveals several forgotten figures who can be traced in other records and archives. The conclusion outlines the eventual transformation of the IPA’s guiding principles and enquires into the effective lifespan of Reform Movement influence within the Association.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45805527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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