Language & History最新文献_第10页

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2018-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1441953

D. Cram

{"title":"The proper alphabet principle","authors":"D. Cram","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2018.1441953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2018.1441953","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the notions crucial to understanding early methods of phonetic transcription is the ‘Proper Alphabet Principle’: the idea that each human language should have its own distinct writing system. Having a distinct orthography was taken to be a defining characteristic of the three holy languages (Hebrew, Greek and Latin), and this also applied in the case of ‘exotic’ languages ranging from Arabic to Chinese. The principle further assumes that the relation between alphabet and language is biunique: each language has one and only one proper alphabet, and vice versa. My purpose is to examine how this principle has permeated ideas about writing in the western tradition. I will start by examining the theory and practice of phonetic transcription in the seventeenth century, both in the context of philosophical language schemes and early comparative philology, and then position these developments within the larger historical context, leading to the establishment of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in the nineteenth century. The fundamental principle of the IPA—that it is independent of any specific language—is the precise complement of the Proper Alphabet Principle. The two principles turn out to interplay in complex ways in the development of ideas about phonetic transcription.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":"61 1","pages":"22 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17597536.2018.1441953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45982848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Colonial grammatology: the versatility and transformation of European letters in sixteenth-century Spanish America 殖民语法学:16世纪西班牙美洲欧洲字母的多样性和转变

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2018-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1441952

A. Laird

引用次数: 2

The first century of English monolingual lexicography 英语单语词典编纂的第一个世纪

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2018-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1431499

J. Beal

引用次数: 1

Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-Medieval Europe 小词典与好奇心：后中世纪欧洲的词典学与田野调查

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2018-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1431497

Doyle Calhoun

{"title":"Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-Medieval Europe","authors":"Doyle Calhoun","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2018.1431497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2018.1431497","url":null,"abstract":"isation of Frisian, Pieter Duijff presents details of the problems that arise when deciding on preferred word forms in the standard word list for Frisian, whereby peripheral dialect terms are usually discounted and greater distance from dominant languages are encouraged. Miren Lourdes Oñederra discusses the currently unresolved matter of the standard pronunciation of Basque. Whilst encouraging a large degree of variation to be allowed in standard Basque pronunciation, Oñederra at the same time draws attention to speakers of Basque who learn the language as a second language and who have little experience of the dialects, hence showing that the task involves keeping a delicate balance between uniformity and variation. In her general discussion of standard languages and standards, Pam Peters neatly sums up in the epilogue the main themes covered in the preceding chapters and succinctly describes the common linkages in the contributions. Overall, the volume serves as a valuable resource for exploring language norms and standards from the angle of prescriptivism. The goals of the book to embrace a broad scope of linguistic contexts across four very different thematic sections are commendable. For the most part, the book succeeds in fulfilling these objectives. The chapters are generally well-researched, largely refer to relevant empirical data where appropriate and provide new insights from both contemporary and historical approaches, making the volume a respectable and worthy addition to the field.","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":"61 1","pages":"134 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17597536.2018.1431497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47933269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prescription and tradition: establishing standards across time and space (multilingual matters 165) 处方和传统：建立跨越时间和空间的标准（多语言事项165）

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2017-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2017.1340231

J. Bellamy

引用次数: 0

Linguistic and cultural foreign policies of European states: 18th–20th centuries 18至20世纪欧洲国家的语言和文化外交政策

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1493305

Simon Coffey

引用次数: 0

Federico Garlanda’s The Philosophy of Words (1886) and The Fortunes of Language (1887): models in their class 费德里科·加兰达的《文字哲学》（1886）和《语言的财富》（1887）：他们班上的榜样

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1484017

J. Subbiondo

引用次数: 0

Ars obligatoria: searching for the medieval roots of obligatoriness 义务主义：寻找中世纪义务主义的根源

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1484020

M. Konvička

引用次数: 1

Elementary and grammar education in late medieval France: Lyon, 1285–1530 中世纪晚期法国的基础和语法教育:里昂，1285-1530

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1431498

A. Luhtala

引用次数: 0

Jón Ólafsson from Grunnavík: cultivation of language in his early writings (1727–1737) Jón Ólafsson源自Grunnavík:早期作品中语言的培养(1727-1737)

IF 0.5 3区文学

Language & History Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2018.1492807

Matteo Tarsi

{"title":"Jón Ólafsson from Grunnavík: cultivation of language in his early writings (1727–1737)","authors":"Matteo Tarsi","doi":"10.1080/17597536.2018.1492807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2018.1492807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses Jón Ólafsson from Grunnavík (1705–1779), a prominent spokesperson for purism and language cultivation in eighteenth-century Iceland. Jón’s attitude towards his mother tongue is investigated here by discussing several representative texts that he wrote: his youthful translation of Barthold Feind’s Cosmographia (1727, AM 958 4to); a Latin lecture on the Icelandic language (written no later than 1730, AM 1013 4to, ff. 68r–76r); the introduction to Jón’s orthographic treatise (ca. 1733, AM 435 fol.); a purist wordlist (ca. 1736, AM 1013 4to, f. 37v); and Hagþenkir, a treatise on education (1737, JS 83 fol.). After a short introduction, there follows a brief overview of Jón Ólafsson’s life, learning, and scholarly publications. The next section examines Jón’s attitude towards his mother tongue as reflected in the aforementioned texts. In the concluding section, the issue of language cultivation in - eighteenth-century Iceland is addressed. In particular, it is argued that in Jón’s foster father, Páll Vídalín (1667–1727), there exists a link between Jón Ólafsson and the ‘father’ of Icelandic purism, Arngrímur Jónsson the Learned (1568–1648).","PeriodicalId":41504,"journal":{"name":"Language & History","volume":"60 1","pages":"180 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17597536.2018.1492807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47343998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2