L. Camuñas-Mesa, T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco
{"title":"Event-driven sensing and processing for high-speed robotic vision","authors":"L. Camuñas-Mesa, T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981776","url":null,"abstract":"We present here an overview of a new vision paradigm where sensors and processors use visual information not represented by sequences of frames. Event-driven vision is inherently frame-free, as happens in biological systems. We use an event-driven sensor chip (called Dynamic Vision Sensor or DVS) together with event-driven convolution module arrays implemented on high-end FPGAs. Experimental results demonstrate the application of this paradigm to implement Gabor filters and 3D stereo reconstruction systems. This architecture can be applied to real systems which need efficient and high-speed visual perception, like vehicle automatic driving, robotic applications in non-structured environments, or intelligent surveillance in security systems.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123826020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An implantable system for intracranial neural recording applications","authors":"G. Yilmaz, C. Dehollain","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981749","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents integration of a wireless power transmission and bidirectional data communication system for implantable neural recording applications. Wireless power transfer is realized by means of magnetic coupling at 10 MHz achieving 36% efficiency. Downlink communication at 1 Mbps is realized on the same frequency as the wireless power transmission by changing the amplitude of the source signal. Uplink communication at 1.8 Mbps is performed at MICS band by means of an integrated transmitter and a discrete receiver. Design and implementation of the entire system has been explained and practical integration issues have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122635203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xilin Liu, Milin Zhang, Hanfei Sun, A. Richardson, T. Lucas, J. Spiegel
{"title":"Design of a net-zero charge neural stimulator with feedback control","authors":"Xilin Liu, Milin Zhang, Hanfei Sun, A. Richardson, T. Lucas, J. Spiegel","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981770","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a high efficiency, net-zero charge neural stimulator. A new stimulation strategy is proposed to reduce the charge error that originates from the irreversible charge diffusion, which is a common issue in traditional current matching stimulator designs. In addition, an arbitrary channel configuration of the working and counter electrodes is achieved. Two methodologies are applied to the proposed design to increase the stimulation efficiency: i) feedback control of an adaptive driving voltage, which enables a constant low operating voltage for the entire active circuits; ii) charge recycling, which “recycles” the accumulated charges on the blocking capacitor. An improved current mode DAC and a digital feed-forward error compensation comparator are integrated in the output stage to suppress the process variation, and minimize the charge error in continuous stimulation pulse trains. Performance characterization and invivo experimental result of a prototype chip fabricated in standard 180nm CMOS technology are presented. An efficiency improvement of 51% is measured in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132581993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayato Komori, K. Niitsu, Junko Tanaka, Yu Ishige, M. Kamahori, K. Nakazato
{"title":"An extended-gate CMOS sensor array with enzyme-immobilized microbeads for redox-potential glucose detection","authors":"Hayato Komori, K. Niitsu, Junko Tanaka, Yu Ishige, M. Kamahori, K. Nakazato","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981763","url":null,"abstract":"An extended-gate CMOS sensor array with enzyme-immobilized microbeads for redox-potential glucose detection is demonstrated for the first time. Redox-potential detection has the possibility to achieve high accuracy because it is not affected by the buffer conditions. Despite this high-accuracy property, redox-potential detection requires a sufficient amount of enzyme, which leads to increased cost. In order to reduce the enzyme consumption while maintaining the detection capability, we have introduced enzyme-immobilized microbeads. By using the microbeads, the enzyme can be efficiently positioned and reused several times. Thus, the required amount of enzyme can be reduced dramatically. To verify the proposed concept, we have developed and measured a prototype with a 0.6-μm CMOS test chip including the microfluidics. Measurements successfully demonstrate glucose detection with a sensitivity of -61.6 mV/decade while reusing identical enzyme-immobilized microbeads.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134217958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Xiong, Yuanming Suo, J. Zhang, Siwei Liu, R. Etienne-Cummings, S. Chin, T. Tran
{"title":"A dictionary learning algorithm for multi-channel neural recordings","authors":"T. Xiong, Yuanming Suo, J. Zhang, Siwei Liu, R. Etienne-Cummings, S. Chin, T. Tran","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981632","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-channel neural recording devices are widely used for in vivo neuroscience experiments. Incurred by high signal frequency and large channel numbers, the acquisition rate could be on the order of hundred MB/s, which requires compression before wireless transmission. In this paper, we adopt the Compressed Sensing framework with a simple on-chip implementation. To improve the performance while reducing the number of measurements, we propose a multi-modal structured dictionary learning algorithm that enforces both group sparsity and joint sparsity to learn sparsifying dictionaries for all channels simultaneously. When the data is compressed 50 times, our method can achieve a gain of 4 dB and 10 percentage units over state-of-art approaches in terms of the reconstruction quality and classification accuracy, respectively.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117154886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Programmable active pixel sensor for low-light biomedical applications","authors":"Gozen Koklu, Y. Leblebici, G. Micheli, S. Carrara","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981811","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the diseases are being treated with less invasive and more sophisticated, technology-oriented methods. The diagnostic tools that were usually used in the hospitals have become available at our homes. Within the heart of this new generation health-care systems, CMOS technology lies with its high capability of integration, low power consumption, and low cost. Within this context, CMOS image sensors require continuous research effort in this field. In this paper, we introduces a novel programmable Active Pixel Sensor (APS), which gives the end-users to choose among different modes of sensor operation by varying the pixel pitch/size vs the sensor output resolution. This method increases the photon collection efficiency and maximum two times the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The final camera chip reaches a very high fill-factor of 79% with a total pixel size of four pixel as 12.64μm × 12.64μm, while the size of each photodiode is 5.6μm × 5.6μm. The full-well capacity and conversion gain are respectively 66629e- and 27μV/e-, while the total chip area is 5 × 5mm2.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"86 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123289274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahsa Shoaran, G. Yilmaz, R. Periasamy, S. Seiler, S. Santo, C. Pollo, Kaspar Anton Schindler, H. Widmer, C. Dehollain, A. Schmid
{"title":"In-vivo validation of a compact inductively-powered neural recording interface","authors":"Mahsa Shoaran, G. Yilmaz, R. Periasamy, S. Seiler, S. Santo, C. Pollo, Kaspar Anton Schindler, H. Widmer, C. Dehollain, A. Schmid","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2014.6981737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2014.6981737","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the electrical and in-vivo validation of a compact, low-noise and low-power integrated circuit for the acquisition of cortical signals in a high-density implantable system. Using a three-stage topology, the proposed architecture enables a compact implementation of the analog front-end, while preserving a low-noise and lower-power performance. A wireless energy transfer module is also implemented which consists of a four-coil resonant inductive link. The proposed circuit architecture is implemented in a UMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The analog front-end achieves a noise efficiency factor of 4.2, consuming 9.4 μW of power within an effective area of 200 μm × 200 μm per channel. The wireless power transmission link achieves an efficiency of 36% at a separation distance of 10 mm, while providing 10 mW of DC power.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121397333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa Donati, Federico Corradi, C. Stefanini, G. Indiveri
{"title":"A spiking implementation of the lamprey's Central Pattern Generator in neuromorphic VLSI","authors":"Elisa Donati, Federico Corradi, C. Stefanini, G. Indiveri","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2014.6981775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2014.6981775","url":null,"abstract":"The lamprey has been often used as a model for understanding the role of Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) in locomotion. Many artificial neural network models have been proposed in the past to explain the neuro-physiology and behavioral data measured from the lamprey, and several robotic implementations have been built to test the software models in a real physical bio-mimetic artifact, and to reproduce the characteristic locomotion patterns observed in the real lamprey. However, in these systems there has typically been a clear separation between the mechanical component of the system (the body), and its control part (the CPG), typically implemented with conventional digital platforms, such as micro-controllers or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Here we propose to implement a CPG network using neuromorphic electronic circuits, that can be directly interfaced to the robotic actuators of a bio-mimetic robotic lamprey, eliminating the distinction between software and hardware. These circuits comprise low-power analog silicon neurons and synapses, that are affected by device mismatch and noise. The challenge is therefore to determine the CPG model that can best implement robust locomotion control of the bio-mimetic artifact, in face of the constraints imposed by the neuromorphic implementation. As these constraints are similar to the ones faced by the neurons and synapses in the real lamprey (e.g., finite and small power consumption, finite and small resolution or signal to noise ratio, large variability, etc.), the final system implementation will shed light onto the neural processing principles used by real CPG networks to produce robust and distributed control of locomotion in a physical bio-mimetic artifact.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122889879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward neuromorphic intelligent brain-machine interfaces: An event-based neural recording and processing system","authors":"Federico Corradi, D. Bontrager, G. Indiveri","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981793","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analog neural recording front-end design that can be easily interfaced with Address-Event Representation (AER) neuromorphic systems via an asynchronous digital communication channel. The proposed circuits include a low-noise amplifier for biological signals, a delta-modulator analog-to-digital converter, and a low-power bandpass filter. The bio-amplifier has a gain of 54 dB, with an Root Mean Squared (RMS) input-referred noise level of 2.1 μV, and consumes 90 μW. The bandpass filter and delta-modulator circuits include asynchronous handshaking interface logic compatible with the AER communication protocol. We describe the circuits, present experimental measurements to demonstrate their response properties and show how they can be used in conjunction with neuromorphic computing architectures to implement decoding and learning functions useful for Brain-Machince Interfaces (BMIs).","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129379619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building an antibody-based pathogen specific plant disease monitoring device for agriculture pest management","authors":"Susie Li, Yollanda Hao, Jian Yang, Xiaoyan Yang, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981715","url":null,"abstract":"Current plant disease forecasting models require collection of information on inoculum density or pathogen load. This information is typically collected using subjective assessments or laborious and slow spore trapping or pathogen culturing methods, which in turn limit the amount of data that can be collected and may delay results past the time that disease control decisions can be made. In this article, we have selected Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of stem rot of canola and many other economically important plant diseases, as our model target organism. We have shown that the conductivity of the nanoparticle-ascospore complexes is correlated with the number of spores. These signals could be easily processed electronically and converted to rapidly distributable results, e.g. to smart phones.","PeriodicalId":414575,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128647502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}