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Problemos最新文献

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John Buridan. Summulae de Dialectica (excerpt) 约翰·布里丹。辩证法摘要（节选）
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.13
Živilė Pabijutaitė
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引用次数: 0
On the Paradigmatic Conception of the Physical 论物理的范式概念
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.6
Tufan Kıymaz
{"title":"On the Paradigmatic Conception of the Physical","authors":"Tufan Kıymaz","doi":"10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.6","url":null,"abstract":"What “physical” means is sometimes clarified by appealing to paradigmatically physical objects, properties, or phenomena. This move is not entirely unmotivated. The most basic intuition behind physicalism can be identified as that we, as conscious beings, are not ontologically special: we are, ultimately, like all these inanimate and unconscious things; we do not exemplify any mysterious properties that are categorically over and above all the properties that are exemplified by ordinary things like chairs or rocks or their constituents. And, according to the dualists, we are, in terms of substance or property, metaphysically different from chairs, rocks, and the like. The kind of conception of the physical that refers to paradigm cases of the physical is in line with this disagreement in intuition between the physicalist and the dualist. Trying to conceptualize the physical based on some paradigmatically physical objects or phenomena, I argue, however, is a dead-end.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46332168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Philosophy as a Vocation and Personal Commitment: the Young Heidegger and the Question of Philosophy 哲学作为一种职业与个人承诺:青年海德格尔与哲学问题
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.12
Juan José Garrido Periñán
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引用次数: 0
Creative Emotion and Understanding of Democracy in the Philosophy of H. Bergson 柏格森哲学中的创造性情感与对民主的理解
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.1
Povilas Aleksandravičius
{"title":"Creative Emotion and Understanding of Democracy in the Philosophy of H. Bergson","authors":"Povilas Aleksandravičius","doi":"10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the concept of creative emotion (emotion creatrice) and the understanding of democracy, which arises out of it, in the philosophy of Bergson is analysed. This specific emotion does not depend on an object’s intellectual representation; therefore, Bergson refers to it as “supra-intellectual.” Contrary to the usual “infra-intellectual” emotions, it is primary in regard of the mind and the will, and it comprises the fundamental matrix of creative acts of the human being. Creative emotion is one of the forms of the intuition of duration that is rooted in elan vital. It not only determines the essential changes in the fields of art, religion or science, but also re-configures the political rationality by revealing a deeper form of sociality. Thus, the presumed anti-sociality of the philosophy of Bergson is denied. In his last work, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, Bergson shows how creative emotion transforms understanding of democracy and how it turns this political conception into a dynamic movement corresponding to the deep process of the human being and the whole reality.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":"99 1","pages":"8-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anti-Metaphysical Readings of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 逻辑哲学的反形而上学解读
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.10
Ashoka Kumar Tarai
{"title":"Anti-Metaphysical Readings of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus","authors":"Ashoka Kumar Tarai","doi":"10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses certain anti-metaphysical readings of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The metaphysical and anti-metaphysical readings can be divided on the interpretations of textual fidelity. The anti-metaphysical readings can be differentiated in taking into account two different understandings with regard to Wittgenstein’s pronouncement of nonsense in Tractatus. One is the logical positivists’ understanding of nonsense and the other is the resolute reading of the text that emerged as an opposite to the orthodox or standard reading. The aim of discussing these anti-metaphysical readings is to highlight whether a metaphysical reading is possible.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46174324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Phenomenon of Death and the Possibility of Immortality 死亡现象与永生的可能性
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.4
E. Nagy
{"title":"The Phenomenon of Death and the Possibility of Immortality","authors":"E. Nagy","doi":"10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about death and about immortality. It explores the experience and philosophical implications of death from different perspectives. Firstly, in the light of Mamardashvili’s philosophy, it deals with the interconnection and interdependence of death and thinking. Secondly, through Jankélévitch’s philosophy, it changes the perspective on the interdependence of death and thinking from the general to the personal perspective, when death becomes an intimate part of life. Further, thanks to Aries’ research, the paper introduces historical details about what people brooded over death and how they expressed their thoughts in more explicit way. This makes it possible to look at the mediology of death as a philosophy that leads to reflection and critique of our contemporary attitude to death. On the one hand, the mediology of death motivates us to think about death – in this way it follows the philosophical tradition, on the other hand, it attempts to convince us for the first time of the immortality that can happen only in material form – and it is its novelty.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Problem of Experience in E. Voegelin’s Philosophy 沃格林哲学中的经验问题
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.3
Dovydas Caturianas
{"title":"The Problem of Experience in E. Voegelin’s Philosophy","authors":"Dovydas Caturianas","doi":"10.15388/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the problem of E. Voegelin’s notion of experience: the positive meaning of this concept is not specified in any of the author’s works. Based on W. James’s ‘‘Essay on Radical Empiricism” and Voegelin’s late works, it is shown that Voegelin’s theory of consciousness is rooted in James‘s concept of “pure experience”, which essentially sought to close the epistemological chasm between subject and object, phenomena and noumena. According to this notion, mental and physical, subjective and objective realities are merely derivative aspects of a certain primordial pure experience, which is more elementary and fundamental than the two former aspects of reality. Finally, the article exposes other implications of this connection with James’s philosophy for E. Voegelin’s theory of consciousness.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond Function: Imagination as Semi-Determination 超越功能:作为半决定的想象
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.5
Kristupas Sabolius
{"title":"Beyond Function: Imagination as Semi-Determination","authors":"Kristupas Sabolius","doi":"10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article raises the hypothesis that the activity of imagination cannot be fully described by a functional description. To this end, two positions are analyzed: the philosophy of Cornelius Castoriadis, who emphasizes social imaginary and radical imagination, is juxtaposed with Gilbert Simondon’s theory of cyclic and genetic images. Castoriadis’s consideration reveals the specific character of indeterminacy, found in the work of imagination, which enables the coexistence of contradictions in psyche. Based on this reading I propose to perceive imagination through a semi-deterministic take. Whilst it is also possible to see an effort to overcome functional determination in Simondon’s theory, the latter also offers a way to interpret the imagination beyond the anthropological realm. The image performs as mutual potential between organisms and their milieus, and this relationality is never fully determined, but rather semi-determined. Thus, by providing the tools for rethinking of determination and functionality, the juxtaposition of Castoriadis and Simondon enables to speculate on the need of a possible the concept of sociobiological imagination.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":"99 1","pages":"63–79-63–79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46853916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Problem of Transworld Identity: in Defence of Essentialism 跨世界身份问题：为本质主义辩护
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.7
Pranciškus Gricius
{"title":"The Problem of Transworld Identity: in Defence of Essentialism","authors":"Pranciškus Gricius","doi":"10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the problem of transworld identity – that is the question, if and how it is possible to ground the intuition that the same individual exists in more than one possible world – is solved by arguing that individuals have essences. First of all, it is claimed that the concept of transworld identity is desirable since it betters both global pan-essentialism and counterpart theory. Then, necessary terminology for successful understanding of the transworld identity problem is introduced. Afterwards, it is contended that the well-known Chisholm’s paradox for transworld identity can be resolved by appealing to individual essences. It is argued that if extreme haecceitism is true, then essences of individuals are non-qualitative and hence haecceitist switches are ontologically grounded. On the other hand, if reductionism is true, then essences of individuals are qualitative and hence haecceitist switches are impossible. Finally, it is shown that by referring to individual essences across possible worlds it is possible to solve the problem of cross-world identification.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":"99 1","pages":"87–100-87–100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48998349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ambivalence in the Kierkegaardian Conception of Angest 克尔凯郭尔焦虑概念中的矛盾心理
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.11
Justinas Grigas
{"title":"Ambivalence in the Kierkegaardian Conception of Angest","authors":"Justinas Grigas","doi":"10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/PROBLEMOS.99.11","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers two problems related to the interpretation of S. Kierkegaard’s conception of Angest. Firstly, a tendency to interpret Kierkegaard’s Angest as a “fear without an object” and to posit its similarity to Heidegger’s Angst is put in question. Questioning this interpretation, an analysis of The Concept of Anxiety is undertaken, in order to reveal ambivalence as the primary feature of Kierkegaard’s conception of Angest. Secondly, the question of translating Angest into Lithuanian is addressed, criticizing the established tradition of translating Angest as “baimė” (fear) and supporting translator’s I. Tomaševičiūtė’s choice of “nerimas”. The aforementioned ambivalence of Angest serves as the basis for the critique, revealing Angest as a paradoxical attraction to that, which frightens. The first part of the paper expounds on the moment of ambivalence in the descriptions of Angest, found in The Concept of Anxiety. The second part compares and underlines the differences between the philosophical approaches of Kierkegaard and Heidegger. It is shown that Kierkegaard’s attention to the ambivalence of Angest is related to the practical bent of Kierkegaard’s philosophy and the problematics of personal individuation.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":"99 1","pages":"148-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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