Problemos最新文献_第7页

Jacques Lacan’s Theory of Rupture: the Perspective of the Real 雅克·拉康的断裂理论：真实的视角

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.8

Kasparas Pocius

{"title":"Jacques Lacan’s Theory of Rupture: the Perspective of the Real","authors":"Kasparas Pocius","doi":"10.15388/problemos.100.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.100.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses Jacques Lacan’s theory of rupture that encompasses the three planes – the imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real – that comprise his topology. It is named the theory of rupture because it allows grasping the unfinished Lacanian subject as it encounters Other in all of those planes. The main question is whether this lack could be considered as positive. The attention is paid to the phallic signifier; the hypothesis is that this signifier, by linking the symbolic and the Real, allows the creation of new meanings and the resistance towards the fundamental fantasy.The Lacanian ternary conception of topology helps us to analyse the field of politics. While grasping this field from the “ex-sisting” perspective of the Real, we can observe the two scenarios of the development of (political) subject. On the one hand, there is a possible link between the subject and fantasy, in which one tries to compensate for the lack of the Real by “comforting” itself in the plane of symbolic discourse. On the other hand, in the alternative scenario, the subject consciously admits its lack, rejects the fantasy and begins to create new names which “hole” the symbolic discourse itself as well as the insufficiency of the symbolic field. The Real is defended by the phallic signifier, which helps to maintain the subject’s negativity and militancy. By enclosing the Real into the Symbolic we create the new consistency as the subject seeks not to maintain a passive form and place inside the structure, but names the positive lack in the structure itself and thereby creates the new political content.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46192796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kantian Moral Agency and the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence 康德的道德能动性与人工智能伦理

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.11

Riya Manna, Rajakishore Nath

引用次数: 1

Heraclitus and Hippocrates: the Paradigm of the Elements 赫拉克利特和希波克拉底:元素的范例

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.4

J. Čiurlionis

引用次数: 0

The Problem of Consciousness and its Origin in Vasily Sesemann’s Manuscripts 《瓦西里·赛赛曼手稿》中的意识问题及其起源

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.1

Dalius Jonkus

{"title":"The Problem of Consciousness and its Origin in Vasily Sesemann’s Manuscripts","authors":"Dalius Jonkus","doi":"10.15388/problemos.100.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.100.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to analyse the concept of consciousness in Vasily Sesemann’s manuscripts. Sesemann studied consciousness, describing it as an intentional experience and rejecting its naturalistic explanations. Sesemann revealed the irreducibility of life to physiological or chemical processes and at the same time rejected the dualistic opposition of spirit and matter, soul and body. In the manuscript text “Self-knowledge, self-consciousness and objectification” the philosopher explores the relationship of consciousness with self-consciousness and the subconscious, as well as various forms of objectification of consciousness. This manuscript can be attributed to a group of manuscript texts that discuss the origin of consciousness and the metaphysical relationship between matter and spirit. In the article, I will first discuss the relationship between Sesemann’s concept of consciousness and the philosophy of nature. Second, I will examine how Sesemann understands the relationship between consciousness and self-consciousness and the objectifications of consciousness. Third, I will analyze how the philosopher understands emotional intuition and subconsciousness. I argue that Sesemann’s approach is phenomenological.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43831330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dialogue Between Believers and Atheists: the Platonic Model in the Laws 信徒与无神论者的对话：法律中的柏拉图模式

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.3

Simonas Baliukonis

引用次数: 0

Immanuel Kant and the Question of Certainty in Politics 伊曼努尔·康德与政治中的确定性问题

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.6

A. Jokūbaitis

{"title":"Immanuel Kant and the Question of Certainty in Politics","authors":"A. Jokūbaitis","doi":"10.15388/problemos.100.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.100.6","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers of Kant’s political philosophy have not paid enough attention to the problem of certainty in politics which is inseparable from the distinction between phenomenon and noumenon. The primacy of practical reason means that morality has a higher value than knowledge. This is a fundamental presupposition of Kant’s philosophy. However, this emphasis on the importance of morality leads to the problematic question of certainty in politics. The recognition of the primacy of morality seems to lead to a situation where politics loses the certainty that belongs to the sphere of noumenon. Such a situation seems to lead to an impossible situation when the distinction between phenomenon and noumenon reappears in the theory of practical reason. The paper puts forward a thesis that for Kant morality is the only ground that allows speaking about the certainty of politics. However, his understanding of certainty in politics has its drawbacks. Politics is dependent not only on the ontology of morality that was emphasized by Kant, but it is also dependent on the kind of certainty that one finds in the sphere of interpersonal relationships. Kant did not pay enough attention to this aspect which remains outside the sphere of the universal law of morality.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45152921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artistic Research: A Cuckoo’s Egg in Other Bird’s Nest or an Epistemologically Justified Strategy of Research? 艺术研究：另一个鸟巢里的杜鹃蛋还是一种有认识论依据的研究策略？

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.13

Aldis Gedutis, Vytautas Michelkevičius

引用次数: 0

Forgotten Theorists of Lithuanian Romanticism: Priest Ignotas Dembinsky 被遗忘的立陶宛浪漫主义理论家:伊格诺塔斯·登宾斯基牧师

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.2

Dalius Viliūnas

{"title":"Forgotten Theorists of Lithuanian Romanticism: Priest Ignotas Dembinsky","authors":"Dalius Viliūnas","doi":"10.15388/problemos.100.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.100.2","url":null,"abstract":"The sluggish development of romantic philosophy research suggests looking back at new sources that have been ignored so far. Priest Ignacy Dembinsky (1800–1869) is a forgotten romantic theorist. He is not only Wilhelm Schlegel’s translator, but also his promoter, commentator, who formulated authentic insights of romantic philosophy. The article focuses on the circumstances of Schlegel’s two-dimensional publication of “Philosophy of Life” (1840), which remained on the subscriber list, raises the hypothesis that the subscription of the work was a large-scale quasi-political patriotic campaign. The direction represented by Dembinsky is attributable to legal catholic romanticism. The latter sought to establish a positive alternative to Enlightenment’s scientism, naturalism, sensualism, one-sided rationalism, based on ideas of compatibility between science and philosophy, philosophy and Revelation. A person should realize freedom in a moral life and strive for the fullness of life – these ideas had refreshing sociopolitical implications in a depressing tsarist reality. Dembinsky polemicized with his local competitor, Florian Bochvic, a representative of a similar direction. The latter episode raises the question of the compatibility of his catholic theological doctrine and his maxims of a romantic philosopher: it is left open. It is hypothesized that the works translated, commented and creatively supplemented by Dembinsky could function as a bridge between the old Polish-speaking philosophy of Lithuania and the beginnings of the current Lithuanian theorization.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47335684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scholar Entangled: The Unattainable Detachment in Social Inquiry 学者的纠缠:社会探究中难以企及的超然

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.7

Juozas Kasputis

{"title":"Scholar Entangled: The Unattainable Detachment in Social Inquiry","authors":"Juozas Kasputis","doi":"10.15388/problemos.100.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.100.7","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of social studies continues to be a complicated scientific endeavor. From an epistemological point of view, the social sciences, unlike the natural sciences, do not conform to the predominant definition of science. The existing differences among expositions of “science,” “inquiry,” and “studies” lie with the contested role of the intellectual who is embarked on understanding the social realm. The “maturity” of the social sciences is usually discussed in the context of objectivity and rationality. But continuing epistemological debates would be insufficient without reference to the scholar as a human studying humans. The philosophy of science has focused mainly on the procedures of knowledge accumulation, neglecting social context and its implications for inquiry. To address this neglect, this essay sets out first to retrace doubts about the role of the scholar that emerged with the institutionalization of the social sciences at the outset of the twentieth century and then to rethink these issues in terms of recent scientific developments. What surfaces is a new, participatory role for scholars that demands responsible contextualization and a broader conception of causal stories.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deleuze and Guattari’s Logic of Sensation in the Context of Contemporary Art 德勒兹与瓜塔里在当代艺术语境中的感觉逻辑

IF 0.1 4区哲学

Problemos Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.100.14

Sigita Dackevičiūtė

引用次数: 1