ISRN Agronomy最新文献_第3页

Evaluation of Morphological and Molecular Diversity among South Asian Germplasms of Cucumis sativus and Cucumis melo 南亚黄瓜和甜瓜种质形态和分子多样性评价

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-10-14 DOI: 10.5402/2012/134134

Chi Zhang, A. Pratap, S. Natarajan, L. Pugalendhi, S. Kikuchi, H. Sassa, Senthilkumar A. Natesan, T. Koba

{"title":"Evaluation of Morphological and Molecular Diversity among South Asian Germplasms of Cucumis sativus and Cucumis melo","authors":"Chi Zhang, A. Pratap, S. Natarajan, L. Pugalendhi, S. Kikuchi, H. Sassa, Senthilkumar A. Natesan, T. Koba","doi":"10.5402/2012/134134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/134134","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber, Cucumis sativus (), and melon, Cucumis melo (), are two common vegetable crops worldwide. The present study evaluated eighteen Cucumis accessions (nine C. sativus and nine C. melo) that were collected from three South Asian countries that have the most diversity of Cucumis. Nine quantitative and twenty-three qualitative characteristics were measured. The values of fruit weight displayed the biggest divergence among the nine quantitative traits and much variation was displayed in twenty-three qualitative traits among eighteen accessions. For eight morphological quantitative traits other than fruit weight, eighteen accessions were divided into three groups by using Principle Component Analysis and K-means cluster analysis. Also, two chloroplast genes rbcL and matK of eighteen accessions were sequenced. Combined sequences were subjected to construct phylogenetic trees by Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods. Topologies of nine melon accessions were same in these two methods and nine cucumber accessions showed difference. The genetic distances among each of C. sativus and C. melo accessions were not high. We conclude that the genetic relationship among the eighteen accessions used in this study is not distant although they display significant morphological variations. The information on novel Cucumis germplasms provided here would contribute to breeding program as well as evolutional study in Cucumis.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125213265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Effects of Inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strains on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) Varieties on Nitisols of Bako, Western Ethiopia 接种日本慢生根瘤菌对大豆(Glycine max L. Merill)品种在埃塞俄比亚西部Bako硝土上结瘤、固氮和产量的影响

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-09-25 DOI: 10.5402/2012/261475

T. Solomon, L. Pant, T. Angaw

{"title":"Effects of Inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strains on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) Varieties on Nitisols of Bako, Western Ethiopia","authors":"T. Solomon, L. Pant, T. Angaw","doi":"10.5402/2012/261475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/261475","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the 2005/6 growing season to assess the effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains on the performance of soybean varieties. The field experiment was conducted at Bako ATVET College, West Shoa, Ethiopia. Three varieties of soybean (Jalele, Cheri, and Ethio-Yugoslavia) and two strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (TAL 378 and TAL 379) along with one uninoculated treatment were laid out in a randomized complete block design with nine variety and strain combinations and three replications. Inoculated and uninoculated seeds of soybean were planted on prepared beds. All the nodulation parameters, namely, nodulation rating, nodule number per plant, nodule volume per plant, and nodule dry weight were significantly influenced by the main effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains alone. The main effect of soybean variety did not affect these parameters significantly. The dry matter production and nitrogen uptake at midflowering were highly significantly () affected by the main effects of both variety and strain. The yield and the yield components such as number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, thousand seed weight, above-ground dry biomass, and total nitrogen uptake were highly significantly () affected by inoculation of Bradyrhizobium strains alone. A yield increase of 53.2% was obtained due to inoculation of TAL 379 over the uninoculated control. The variety effect was also significant () on number of pods per plant, seed yield, thousand seed weight, harvest index, and total nitrogen uptake. Variety and Bradyrhizobium strain interaction was detected on number of nodules per plant and nodule dry weight.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128681766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

Influence of Soybean (Glycine max) Population and Herbicide Program on Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control, Soybean Yield, and Economic Return 大豆(Glycine max)种群和除草剂计划对苋菜(Amaranthus palmeri)防治、大豆产量和经济效益的影响

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-09-19 DOI: 10.5402/2012/947395

Amy E. Hoffner, D. Jordan, A. C. York, E. J. Dunphy, W. Everman

{"title":"Influence of Soybean (Glycine max) Population and Herbicide Program on Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control, Soybean Yield, and Economic Return","authors":"Amy E. Hoffner, D. Jordan, A. C. York, E. J. Dunphy, W. Everman","doi":"10.5402/2012/947395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/947395","url":null,"abstract":"Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) has become one of the most prominent and difficult weeds to control in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in North Carolina. A survey was conducted in North Carolina during fall 2010 to estimate the magnitude of this problem. Palmer amaranth was present in 39% of 2,512 fields representing 0.24% of soybean ha in North Carolina. In recent years, growers have reduced soybean seeding rates in an effort to decrease production costs associated with technology fees. However, given the increase in prevalence of Palmer amaranth and the difficultly in controlling this weed due to herbicide resistance, growers may need to reconsider reductions in seeding rates. Therefore, research was conducted during 2010 and 2011 to determine if Palmer amaranth control, soybean yield, and economic return were affected by soybean plant population, preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides, and herbicide resistant traits (glufosinate-resistant and glyphosate-resistant cultivars). Applying PRE or POST herbicides and increasing soybean population increased Palmer amaranth control, soybean yield, and economic return when compared with POST herbicides only or when lower soybean populations were present. Efficacy of glufosinate and glyphosate did not vary in most instances, most likely because these herbicides were applied timely, and the frequency of glyphosate resistance did not exceed 10% in these fields.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116523295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Diseases of Peanut Caused by Soilborne Pathogens in the Southwestern United States 美国西南部由土传病原体引起的花生疾病

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-09-10 DOI: 10.5402/2012/517905

L. Thiessen, J. Woodward

引用次数: 46

Comparative Evaluation of Different Organic Media on Soil Chemical Composition, Growth, and Yield of Mushroom (Pleurotus tubergium L.) 不同有机培养基对蘑菇(Pleurotus tubergium L.)土壤化学成分、生长和产量的比较评价

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-09-10 DOI: 10.5402/2012/152737

E. Moyin-Jesu, C. S. Iyoha, M. Akinola

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Different Organic Media on Soil Chemical Composition, Growth, and Yield of Mushroom (Pleurotus tubergium L.)","authors":"E. Moyin-Jesu, C. S. Iyoha, M. Akinola","doi":"10.5402/2012/152737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/152737","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of organic media as sources of nutrients on soil fertility, growth, and yield of mushroom (Pleurotus tubergium) was studied at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The organic media were applied at 8 t/ha with an organo-mineral fertilizer medium as a reference material and unfertilized control treatment, replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The result showed that the use of organic media increased significantly (𝑃<0.05) crown width, stalk length, stalk girth, weight of fruiting bodies of mushroom and soil K, Ca, Mg, N, P, K, Ca, and O.M compared to the control treatment. Among the organic media, loamy soil had the highest values of mushroom crown width and weight of fruiting bodies relative to the others. However, the organo-mineral medium still had higher values of mushroom growth and yield than the soil organic media, but it may increase cost of production. For soil chemical composition, loamy soil treatment had the highest values of soil O.M and % N while oil palm bunch husk had the highest values of soil K, Ca, and Mg compared to other treatments. Wood ash treatment increased most the soil pH. In these experiments, loamy soil and soybean husk media applied at 8 t/ha were the most effective organic media for improving growth, yield of mushroom, and soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120950338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of Cultivar and Planting Time on Resistant Starch Accumulation in Pigeonpea Grown in Virginia 品种和种植时间对弗吉尼亚鸽豆抗性淀粉积累的影响

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-09-10 DOI: 10.5402/2012/576471

S. S. Narina, Yixiang Xu, A. Hamama, S. Phatak, H. Bhardwaj

{"title":"Effect of Cultivar and Planting Time on Resistant Starch Accumulation in Pigeonpea Grown in Virginia","authors":"S. S. Narina, Yixiang Xu, A. Hamama, S. Phatak, H. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.5402/2012/576471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/576471","url":null,"abstract":"Recent recognition of indigestible starch component named as “Resistant Starch” in the human small intestine raised our interest to execute the current study to identify the best cultivar to produce high-quality pigeonpea seed to incorporate in ongoing pigeonpea breeding program. Though pigeonpea was identified as one of the food legumes with high RS, there were no published reports for pigeonpea resistant starch accumulation as influenced by planting time. The experiment was conducted twice in replicated block design with four varieties and two planting times. The resistant and non resistant (hydrolysable) starch components of ground seed powder of four pigeonpea varieties were analyzed to identify the best planting time and best cultivar for high-resistance starch accumulation. Planting time and varieties showed significant influence on resistant starch (RS), total starch (TS), and hydrolysable starch (HS) accumulation. The pigeonpea variety W1 was significantly superior from other three varieties and has highest RS value (21.4 g/100 g) with 70 per cent RS out of its total starch (28 g/100 g). The planting time 2 (June 11) produced seed with highest values for RS (18.7 g/100 g), HS (6.5 g/100 g), and TS (25.2 g/100 g). The cultivar W1 is the better one followed by GA1 for use in further crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127536718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Allelopathic Activity of the Hydrolate and Water Decoction of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Plant Parts on the Germination of Four Tropical Leguminous Species 湿臂蒿(Brachiaria humidicola)植物部分水解物和水煎液对四种热带豆科植物发芽的化感作用

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-09-03 DOI: 10.5402/2012/838767

R. Ribeiro, M. G. Carvalho, H. M. Lopes, R. Rossiello, É. B. Junior

{"title":"Allelopathic Activity of the Hydrolate and Water Decoction of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Plant Parts on the Germination of Four Tropical Leguminous Species","authors":"R. Ribeiro, M. G. Carvalho, H. M. Lopes, R. Rossiello, É. B. Junior","doi":"10.5402/2012/838767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/838767","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of allelopathic interactions between grasses and legumes can contribute for the successful establishment of mixed tropical pastures in Brazil. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of the hydrolate and water decoction of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) plant parts (root, shoot, and seeds) on four tropical forage legumes Stylosanthes spp. cv. Campo Grande, Macrotyloma axillare, Calopogonium mucunoides, Desmodium ovalifolium, and on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), this last species used as a sensitivity standard in allelopathic bioassays. The results obtained for roots and shoots showed, in the case of hydrolate, the highest inhibitory effect on germination rates of the receiving species, while seed hydrolates had a stimulating effect depending on the legume species. In contrast, water decoction extracts had the highest inhibitory effects on root and seed fraction, and the lowest on the shoot fraction. Regarding the receiving species, germination percentages of M. axillare showed higher tolerance to inhibitory effects of the aqueous extracts of B. humidicola, while D. ovalifolium showed the highest sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"95 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120819102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Potentials and Challenges of Kolanut Production in Niger State, Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔州Kolanut生产的潜力和挑战

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-08-29 DOI: 10.5402/2012/492394

I. Ndagi, F. D. Babalola, I. Mokwunye, C. Anagbogu, I. Aderolu, O. Ugioro, E. Asogwa, M. Idrisu, F. Mokwunye

{"title":"Potentials and Challenges of Kolanut Production in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Ndagi, F. D. Babalola, I. Mokwunye, C. Anagbogu, I. Aderolu, O. Ugioro, E. Asogwa, M. Idrisu, F. Mokwunye","doi":"10.5402/2012/492394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/492394","url":null,"abstract":"Niger State has unique history of kolanut production in northern part of Nigeria. Unfortunately, the potentials of kolanut production in the state are not duly recognized. Lavun and Mokwa Local Government Areas, where kolanut is widely produced were selected for the study. Kolanut farmers were randomly selected for administration of structured questionnaire. Cola nitida was the dominant species planted by the farmers. More than two third of the kolanut plantations were 60 years and above. Kolanut farms were mainly owned through inheritance. Farmers at Lavun adopted more cultural practices than the farmers at Mokwa; such practices included application of organic manure and mulching to the kolanut trees, felling of unproductive kolanut trees to coppice, and adoption of multiple land practice. Due to this, the farmers at Lavun got more harvest from their kolanut plantations than those at Mokwa. Stored nuts were mainly attacked by weevils and rot disease. Challenges of kolanut production are low yield, lack of information on improved technology, pest and disease infestation, lack of intervention from the government, and transportation. Farmers in the study areas still hold kolanut production in high esteem, and there is vast area of land which could be used for kolanut production.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124035277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress and Subsequent Rehydration in the Symbiotic Association Peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. 花生-慢生根瘤菌共生体对干旱胁迫及后续复水的生理生化响应。

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-08-27 DOI: 10.5402/2012/318083

A. Furlan, V. Luna, S. Castro

{"title":"Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress and Subsequent Rehydration in the Symbiotic Association Peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp.","authors":"A. Furlan, V. Luna, S. Castro","doi":"10.5402/2012/318083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/318083","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate plant growth and development and limit its production. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agriculturally valuable plant with widespread distribution in the world serving as a subsistence food crop as well as a source of various food products. The aims of this work were to evaluate growth and nodulation as well as some physiological and biochemical stress indicators in response to drought stress and subsequent rehydration in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144. Drought stress affected peanut growth reducing shoot dry weight, nodule number, and dry weight as well as nitrogen content, but root dry weight increased reaching a major exploratory surface. Besides, this severe water stress induced hydrogen peroxide production associated with lipid and protein damage; however, the plant was able to increase soluble sugar and abscisic acid contents as avoidance strategies to cope with drought stress. These physiological and biochemical parameters were completely reversed upon rehydration, in a short period of time, in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. Thus, the results provided in this work constitute the initial steps of physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress and rehydration in this nodulated legume.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121304693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Insecticidal Effect and Residual Action of Fenitrothion and Esfenvalerate on Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Maize and Wheat 杀虫硫磷和艾氰菊酯对贮藏玉米和小麦中米象和玉米蚜的杀虫效果及残留效应

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2012-08-27 DOI: 10.5402/2012/158179

J. Vásquez-Castro, G. Baptista, Casimiro D Gadanha, L. R. Trevizan

{"title":"Insecticidal Effect and Residual Action of Fenitrothion and Esfenvalerate on Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Maize and Wheat","authors":"J. Vásquez-Castro, G. Baptista, Casimiro D Gadanha, L. R. Trevizan","doi":"10.5402/2012/158179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/158179","url":null,"abstract":"Among the pests that attack stored maize and wheat grain, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are the most destructive. This paper is aimed at the study of the insecticidal effect and the residual action of organophosphate fenitrothion, pyrethroid esfenvalerate, and the mixture of both on S. oryzae and S. zeamais in stored maize and wheat. Grains were treated in order to obtain theoretical concentrations of 10 and/or 0.5 mg·kg−1 fenitrothion and esfenvalerate, respectively. The effectiveness experiments were installed as of 15, and 30 days, and subsequently at monthly intervals as of 12 months after grain treatment, or until mortality ceased in the plots. After mortality evaluation happened all individuals were eliminated, either dead or alive, and grains were kept for 60 days to assess the number of emerged progeny. The comparison of mortality curves of the pest species within each combination of grain type and insecticide showed significant differences. In general, the mortality of S. oryzae decreased faster than that of S. zeamais considering the grain type-insecticide combination. Esfenvalerate was ineffective in all combinations. Higher mortality of both species was observed on wheat grains treated with fenitrothion and fenitrothion","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123956252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17