ISRN Agronomy最新文献

Varietal Trials and Physiological Components Determining Yield Differences among Cowpea Varieties in Semiarid Zone of Nigeria 尼日利亚半干旱区豇豆品种试验及决定产量差异的生理因素

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/925450

N. Kamai, N. A. Gworgwor, J. W. Wabekwa

{"title":"Varietal Trials and Physiological Components Determining Yield Differences among Cowpea Varieties in Semiarid Zone of Nigeria","authors":"N. Kamai, N. A. Gworgwor, J. W. Wabekwa","doi":"10.1155/2014/925450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/925450","url":null,"abstract":"Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (11°47.840′N; 13°12.021′E; elevation 319 m asl), in Borno State in semiarid zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the agronomic performances of some improved cowpea varieties and to identify the physiological traits associated with high grain yield in the semiarid zone of Nigeria. The trial consisted of eight treatments, which included two local varieties, namely, Kannanado White and Borno Brown and six improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-568-18, IT89KD-288, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-391. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The gross plot size was 5.0 m × 4.0 m (20 m2) while the net plot size was 3.6 m × 3.0 m (10.8 m2). The results showed that the improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-288, had significantly higher grain yield per hectare and matured earlier to escape drought in this agroecological zone. The local varieties also had significantly heavier grains, took more days to reach first and 50% flowering, and matured later than the improved varieties. Cowpea grain yield per hectare was highly positively correlated with harvest index, shell weight, soil moisture suction measurements, shelling percentage, and grain yield per plant and also significant negative correlation between cowpea grain yield per hectare and number of days to first and 50% flowering, 100-grain weight, number of days to physiological maturity, and pod development period. The results also indicated that fodder yield per hectare was highly positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation thereby indicating that higher photosynthetically active radiation produced higher yield of fodder.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131154685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Characterization of the Wine Grape Thermohydrological Conditions in the Tropical Brazilian Growing Region: Long-Term and Future Assessments 巴西热带产区酿酒葡萄热水文条件特征:长期和未来评估

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2014-02-10 DOI: 10.1155/2014/727123

A. Teixeira, J. Tonietto, G. Pereira, F. Hernandez

{"title":"Characterization of the Wine Grape Thermohydrological Conditions in the Tropical Brazilian Growing Region: Long-Term and Future Assessments","authors":"A. Teixeira, J. Tonietto, G. Pereira, F. Hernandez","doi":"10.1155/2014/727123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/727123","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last years, Brazil has appeared among the new tropical wine producing countries. The joined effect of rising air temperature and decreasing precipitation makes it important to quantify the trend of the thermohydrological conditions of the commercial vineyards. The aims of the current research were to classify and delimit these conditions for the winemaking processes under different time scenarios in the Brazilian Northeastern region. Bioclimatic indicators were used together with long-term weather data and projections of the IPCC emission scenarios under simulated pruning dates. The results showed that decreasing of precipitation should be good for wine production when irrigation water is available, but rising air temperature will affect the wine quality and stability mainly for pruning done from November to March. The best pruning periods are around May for any time scenario considered. In general, more care should be taken for pruning happening in other periods of the year, regarding the effect of increasing thermal conditions on wine quality. The classification and delimitation done, joined with other ecological characteristics, are important for a rational planning of the commercial wine production expansion, mainly in situations of climate and land use changes together with rising water competition.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128072869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Growth Responses and Leaf Antioxidant Metabolism of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes under Salinity Stress 草豆的生长响应及叶片抗氧化代谢盐胁迫下的基因型

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-12-24 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284830

D. Talukdar

引用次数: 9

Remote sensing applications in tobacco yield estimation and the recommended research in Zimbabwe 遥感在津巴布韦烟草产量估算中的应用及建议的研究

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-12-15 DOI: 10.1155/2013/941873

E. Svotwa, A. Masuka, B. Maasdorp, A. Murwira, Munyaradzi Shamudzarira

{"title":"Remote sensing applications in tobacco yield estimation and the recommended research in Zimbabwe","authors":"E. Svotwa, A. Masuka, B. Maasdorp, A. Murwira, Munyaradzi Shamudzarira","doi":"10.1155/2013/941873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/941873","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco crop area and yield forecasts are important in stabilizing tobacco prices at the auction floors. Tobacco yield estimation in Zimbabwe is currently based on statistical surveys and ground-based field reports. These methods are costly, time consuming, and are prone to large errors. Remote sensing can provide timely information on crop spectral characteristics which can be used to estimate crop yields. Remote sensing application on agriculture in Zimbabwe is still very limited. Research should focus on identifying suitable reflectance indices that are related to tobacco growth and yield. Varietal yield response to fertiliser and planting dates as well as suitable temporal windows for spectral data collection should be identified. The challenges of the different tobacco land sizes have to be overcome by identifying suitable satellite platform, with sufficient spectral resolution to separate the tobacco crop from the adjacent competing crops and noncrop vegetative surfaces. The identified suitable index should be strongly correlated with tobacco in season dry mass and yield. The suitable vegetative indices can be employed in establishing tobacco cropped area and then apply the long-term area yield relationship from government and nongovernmental statistical departments to estimate yield from remote sensing derived cropped area.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128878320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Effect of Management of Sulfonylurea Resistant Stellaria media on Barley Yield 抗磺脲菌管理对大麦产量的影响

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-12-12 DOI: 10.1155/2013/310764

Tuomas Uusitalo, Asmo Saarinen, P. Mäkelä

{"title":"Effect of Management of Sulfonylurea Resistant Stellaria media on Barley Yield","authors":"Tuomas Uusitalo, Asmo Saarinen, P. Mäkelä","doi":"10.1155/2013/310764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/310764","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfonylureas represent one of the largest herbicide groups that have been widely used since 1980s. Their continuous use has resulted in development of sulfonylurea resistance in weeds. The aim of this research was to investigate options to manage putative sulfonylurea-resistant chickweed in barley stands and to evaluate the effect of chickweed and its management on barley yield. A field experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design and included 14 herbicide treatments applied at two different times. Tribenuron-methyl (sulfonylurea) affected minimal control of chickweed. A bromoxynil-ioxynil (photosystem II inhibitor) mix did not control chickweed efficiently. However, nearly total control was achieved with fluroxypyr, mecoprop, and their mixtures (synthetic auxins and photosystem II inhibitors). Chickweed had no effect on barley yield whether controlled or uncontrolled. Therefore, further evaluation of the chickweed management threshold would be needed. It seems that even in the boreal region, typified by a cold climate, limited solar radiation, a very short growing season, and relatively low-intensity cropping systems, unilateral use of sulfonylureas might lead to herbicide resistance. Although resistant weed populations can be controlled with herbicides of groups other than the sulfonylureas, this represents an increasing problem when planning weed management, especially when including sulfonylurea-resistant crops.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128124806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Impact of Time of Weeding on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Growth and Yield 除草时间对烟草生长和产量的影响

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-09-29 DOI: 10.1155/2013/517824

M. Ian, Rukuni Dzingai, M. Walter, Svotwa Ezekia

引用次数: 1

Spectral Indices: In-Season Dry Mass and Yield Relationship of Flue-Cured Tobacco under Different Planting Dates and Fertiliser Levels 光谱指数:不同种植日期和施肥水平下烤烟的季内干质量与产量关系

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-09-17 DOI: 10.1155/2013/816767

E. Svotwa, J. Anxious Masuka, B. Maasdorp, A. Murwira

{"title":"Spectral Indices: In-Season Dry Mass and Yield Relationship of Flue-Cured Tobacco under Different Planting Dates and Fertiliser Levels","authors":"E. Svotwa, J. Anxious Masuka, B. Maasdorp, A. Murwira","doi":"10.1155/2013/816767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/816767","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment investigated the relationship between tobacco canopy spectral characteristics and tobacco biomass. A completely randomized design, with plantings on the 15th of September, October, November, and December, each with 9 variety × fertiliser management treatments, was used. Starting from 6 weeks after planting, reflectance measurements were taken from one row, using a multispectral radiometer. Individual plants from the other 3 rows were also measured, and the above ground whole plants were harvested and dried for reflectance/dry mass regression analysis. The central row was harvested, cured, and weighed. Both the maximum NDVI and mass at untying declined with later planting and so was the mass-NDVI coefficient of determination. The best fitting curves for the yield-NDVI correlations were quadratic. September reflectance values from the October crop reflectance were statistically similar (), while those for the November and the December crops were significantly different () from the former two. Mass at untying and NDVI showed a quadratic relationship in all the three tested varieties. The optimum stage for collecting spectral data for tobacco yield estimation was the 8–12 weeks after planting. The results could be useful in accurate monitoring of crop development patterns for yield forecasting purposes.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"37 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124147750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment Conditions on Swelling Power and Water Soluble Index of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas (L). Lam) Starch 热湿处理条件对不同品种甘薯淀粉溶胀力和水溶性指数的影响

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-08-12 DOI: 10.1155/2013/502457

S. Senanayake, A. Gunaratne, K. Ranaweera, A. Bamunuarachchi

{"title":"Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment Conditions on Swelling Power and Water Soluble Index of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas (L). Lam) Starch","authors":"S. Senanayake, A. Gunaratne, K. Ranaweera, A. Bamunuarachchi","doi":"10.1155/2013/502457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/502457","url":null,"abstract":"A study was done to analyse the change in swelling power (SP) and the water soluble index (WSI) of native starches obtained from five different cultivars of sweet potatoes (swp 1 (Wariyapola red), swp 3 (Wariyapola white), swp 4 (Pallepola variety), swp 5 (Malaysian variety), and swp 7 (CARI 273)) commonly consumed in Sri Lanka. Extracted starch from fresh roots, two to three days after harvesting has been modified using 20%, 25%, and 30% moisture levels and heated at 85°C and 120°C for 6 hours and determined the SP and WSI. Results were subjected to general linear model, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out by using MINITAB version 14. Overall results showed a significantly high level () of SP and WSI in all the cultivars of moisture—temperature treated starches than their native starch. Correlation analysis showed an effect on SP with the variation in the cultivar, temperature, and moisture; temperature combination and moisture alone had no significant effect. Significantly high levels of swelling power () were observed in 20%—85°C, and 30%—120°C and the highest amount of swelling in the modified starch than its native form was observed in swp 7 cultivar. Results revealed a nonlinear relationship in the WSI with the cultivar type, moisture level, and the lower moisture—temperature combinations but higher temperature—moisture combinations had a significant effect. SP and WSI had a slight positive linear relationship according to analysis. Based on the results, a significantly high level of swelling and water solubility of native starches of different cultivars of sweet potatoes can be achieved by changing the moisture content to 30% and heating at 120°C for 6 hours.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"96 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Screening for Salt Tolerance in Eight Halophyte Species from Yellow River Delta at the Two Initial Growth Stages 黄河三角洲8种盐生植物两个生长初期的耐盐性筛选

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-07-10 DOI: 10.1155/2013/592820

Liu Xianzhao, Liu Xianzhao, Liu Xianzhao, Wang Chun-zhi, Su Qing

{"title":"Screening for Salt Tolerance in Eight Halophyte Species from Yellow River Delta at the Two Initial Growth Stages","authors":"Liu Xianzhao, Liu Xianzhao, Liu Xianzhao, Wang Chun-zhi, Su Qing","doi":"10.1155/2013/592820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/592820","url":null,"abstract":"Screening of available local halophytes for salinity tolerance is of considerable economic value for the utilization of heavy salt-affected lands in coastal tidal-flat areas and other saline areas. In this study, the germination and seedling pot experiments on salt tolerance of eight halophytic species from Yellow River Delta, China, at seven NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mM), were conducted at both growth stages. Results showed that germination rate and germination index decreased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The higher germination rates were obtained from Tamarix chinensis and Suaeda salsa seeds exposed to 0~200 mM NaCl. At the seedling stage, the salt tolerances of eight halophytes were also different from each other. Tamarix chinensis had significantly greater fresh biomass and plant height in relative terms than the others in all salt treatments. The order of the relative growth yield in seedling was Tamarix chinensis > Suaeda salsa > Salicornia europaea > Limonium bicolor > Atriplex isatidea > Apocynum venetum > Phragmites australis > Sesbania cannabina. The comprehensive analysis showed that Tamarix chinensis had the highest tolerance to salt, followed by Suaeda salsa, and the salt tolerance of Sesbania cannabina was the lowest.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127079583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Assessment of Pollen Viability, Germination, and Tube Growth in Eight Tunisian Caprifig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars 8种突尼斯无花果(Ficus carica L.)花粉活力、萌发和管状生长的评价品种

ISRN Agronomy Pub Date : 2013-06-27 DOI: 10.1155/2013/207434

B. Gaaliche, A. Majdoub, M. Trad, M. Mars

{"title":"Assessment of Pollen Viability, Germination, and Tube Growth in Eight Tunisian Caprifig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars","authors":"B. Gaaliche, A. Majdoub, M. Trad, M. Mars","doi":"10.1155/2013/207434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/207434","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of pollen viability and its germination capacity are two essential criteria for pollinator’s characterization. This study was carried out to evaluate pollen quality of eight caprifigs grown in the center-east and north-west of Tunisia. Two colorimetric tests 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and acetocarmine were used to estimate pollen viability. Germination rate and pollen tube growth in a culture medium containing 5% sucrose, 5 ppm boric acid (H3BO3) and 1% agar were registered after 24, 48, and 72 hours (H) of incubation. Results showed that the highest pollen viability rate (84%) was obtained by TTC test in caprifig Assafri, followed by Jrani (80.2%), Djebba 2 (77.8%), and Djebba 1 (73.6%). That of other caprifigs did not exceed 50% for the two tests. In all caprifig types, germination rate and pollen tube growth varied according to the incubation period. The highest percentage of germination (72%) and maximum pollen tube length (960 μm) were recorded after 72 H of incubation in caprifigs Assafri and Jrani, respectively. Among the caprifigs studied, four types (Assafri, Jrani, Djebba 1, and Djebba 2) appeared to be suitable pollinators with respect to the criteria investigated.","PeriodicalId":413640,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Agronomy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122063660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50