International Conference on Tourism Research最新文献

{"title":"Tourism Promotion Using Social Networks: A Systematic Review","authors":"Duberlyn Mayly Lopez-Ortiz, Isela Fernanda Rosas-Ybañes, Franklin Cordova-Buiza, W. Auccahuasi","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1130","url":null,"abstract":"Social networks function as a strategy for the promotion and dissemination of tourism destinations. The objective of this systematic review is to determine what is known about the use of social networks as a tool for tourism promotion, in the scientific literature between 2012 and 2022. The Prisma methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta - Analyses) was used, the databases were Science direct, Taylor and Francis, Dialnet, Redalyc and Scielo, with a total of 49 systematized articles, the inclusion criteria were those that are published between 2012 and 2022, are in Spanish, English or Portuguese language, and that have free access. The results obtained determine that, 78 % of the articles are current as of 2017, with a significant decrease during 2020 due to the global health crisis. It is concluded that the use of social networks by tourists allows them to publicize a destination indirectly, and they do so by posting photos and videos, accompanied by texts, either with information about the destination or with inspirational phrases. Finally, it is mentioned that there is a wide variety of social networks that could be used to promote a destination; but, among the most relevant we have Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, which have been observed in most of the articles, regardless of the category, are used as the main social networks for the dissemination and promotion of destinations. Tiktok could also be included as a social network with a lot of diffusion power; however, there are still not many studies that support this information.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125075307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism and Marginalization in the Alps. The Case of Media-Alta Valtellina Region","authors":"F. Mazza","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism and marginalization are broadly considered different trajectories in the Alpine region's development. On the one hand, tourism is one of the main economic drivers in the Alps. However, many areas still depend on a mass tourism economy that produces relevant ecological, sociocultural and economic impacts. At the same time, marginalization identifies those contexts excluded by mass tourism development affected by shrinkage, abandonment and economic decline. Within this framework, the paper points out that these processes often overlap and coexist, producing complex and layered spatial geographies. The Media-Alta Valtellina Region, located in the Lombard Italian Alps, is provided as a case study to investigate the relationship between mass tourism and marginalization through two sets of indicators. Tourism indicators measure the impact of mass tourism development, while territorial capital indicators assess marginalization processes and the potential expressed by environmental, productive, demographic, infrastructural, settlement, and cultural resources. As a result, besides popular mass tourism poles and non-touristic marginalized areas, several mature tourism destinations emerge where marginalization effects and mass tourism issues overlap. Furthermore, territorial capital broadly appears as the intrinsic potential that must be activated and valorized to build new development trajectories. In conclusion, according to the different potentials expressed by territorial capital, the paper provides preliminary suggestions and guidelines for achieving the territorial rebalance between the multiple processes investigated.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122718936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Real Effectiveness of VR: the tourism and cultural organization managers' point of view","authors":"J. Wirth, Nina Racine","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) has become an important field of academic research investigation, firstly and obviously in relation to its technological aspects. Then, as a marketing tool for promotion and communication purposes. In this context, researchers have mainly focused on analyzing the behavior and appreciation of tourists with respect to this new technology. This article proposes an alternative approach, focusing on the company’s decision-makers, mainly tourism and cultural organizations, who use this technology. This approach seeks to understand how and why VR is integrated into a company's strategy. Methodology: Firstly, we did a literature review and studied a systematic collection of virtual tour offers in Switzerland, which led to the analysis of characteristics of these virtual reality offers. These characteristics consider the different virtual reality systems according to the level of immersion, interactivity, and presence, which made it possible to construct a classification of virtual tour offers in Switzerland. Secondly, a qualitative method was used to conduct twelve semi-structured interviews with companies offering virtual tours of Swiss regions, in order to understand the managerial vision of VR usage and to deepen understanding of the various applications of virtual reality in the context of Swiss tourism. Findings: The analysis revealed that there is a distinction between the different virtual reality systems used in the Swiss tourism sector. Research has shown that non-immersive 360° videos as a marketing tool are no longer of great benefit to tourist destinations. Conversely, immersive virtual tours for promotional purposes at trade fairs and with travel partners are still of interest however are no longer considered a competitive advantage. It is the integration of VR into the in-situ tourism experience which has received a more enthusiastic response but creating fears among tourism stakeholders. Originality/Value: The main argument of this article is that it analyzes the use of VR tools from the point of view of managers of cultural and tourist institutions, and not from the point of view of customers. Furthermore, the article proposes a new structural classification of VR projects in Switzerland and offers practical implications for tourism and cultural organizations, as well as new directions for future studies.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126639046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of Travelling after Covid-19, the Moderation Effect of Social Distancing","authors":"Dao Anh Kim, Hung Phi Truong, Sinh Duc hoang","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1120","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has caused unparalleled public dread, which will most certainly impede tourist business recovery once the epidemic is gone. This research investigates the causes of the general public's epidemic travel anxiety, as well as how individuals impose self-protection, coping, and resilience with travel. The study blends theories such as protection motive theory, coping theory, and resilience theory to achieve the research goal. The primary data came from an online poll of 322 Southeast Asian travelers. According to the findings, the magnitude and vulnerability of the danger might induce \"travel dread,\" which leads to protection motivation and precautionary travel behaviors during the pandemic. The findings also demonstrate that social distancing has memory consequences. In other words, individuals who willingly engaged in social separation during the pandemic are more likely to continue doing so in the post-COVID period since their long-term behavior has been influenced. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127193557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Cultural Places of Interest in Tshwane to Inform a Tourism Shift From Colonial to Indigenous Towards Decolonisation","authors":"Luthando Thomas, Tlhologello Sesana, F. van Tonder","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1234","url":null,"abstract":"This paper continues from the premise that the built form of the South African post-apartheid city continues to perpetuate the paradigm that only the colonial culture is available for tourist consumption. South Africa is a culturally diverse country that provides tourism to an international tourist market that seeks diverse cultural experiences. However, with most African cultural artefacts found encased in colonial architecture museums, questions arise regarding the authenticity of the cultural experience and the appropriate cultural representation in built form. This paper provides recommendations towards the transformation of the post-apartheid city following an assessment of the current tourist attractions that host cultural artefacts and serve as tourist attractions. Most of this data exists, and this paper investigates, collates and assesses the data based on these criteria: colonial and indigenous, restricted, and accessible, and static or transformative. The collated data is presented in urban mapping and architectural illustrations. The study is focused on the City of Tshwane in South Africa. Selected case studies are presented. The findings indicate a substantial under-representation in the City of Tshwane of what this paper argues to be culturally appropriate tourist attractions. This paper argues that there is a market for the consumption of culture as an experience away from colonial towards indigenous.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132201981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Indicators in the Tourism Sector: Comparative Analysis of the Visegrad Group","authors":"Dominik Trubač, Dávid Paculík, Katarína Ághová","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1206","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic shifts in society accelerate the need to measure performance and use the data to identify promising areas for continuous improvement and eliminate potential risk factors. The process of measuring and analysing performance isn't anymore an essential task of strategic management only from the perspective of individual enterprises but also from the perspective of other subjects. Countries evaluate the performance of various sectors to track and record the economic benefits of industries and calculate shares of industries in the country's gross domestic product and other macroeconomic results. Considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and digital transformation on global economics, the stakeholders understand the need to be aware of potential risks and opportunities in the future. Detailed measuring of industry performance is a driving force for identifying critical factors in economic systems and effective strategic planning. Countries should design and use the correct metrics and performance measurements to achieve desired outcomes. In the tourism sector, the most important performance indicators and results at the country level are presented as a part of Tourism Satellite Accounts. In this paper, we compare the current use of performance indicators in the tourism sector in Visegrad Group countries based on information from national statistical offices and other relevant sources. We investigate the processes of collecting data from economic subjects used to evaluate industry performance. The findings of this research confirm slight differences in using tourism performance indicators among analysed countries and tools used for obtaining required data. Although we identify several shortcomings in the existing conditions in Slovakia, we also formulate practical recommendations based on examples from other analysed countries to improve the current state of measuring industry performance. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the correct use and visual presentation of performance indicators. Our findings can also be applied in other countries to identify the possibilities of better monitoring for taking appropriate strategic actions and measuring the impact of activities to support tourism at the level of individual destinations or regions.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115115060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative tourism based on handicrafts in the municipality of Ráquira, Boyacá","authors":"Jorge Alexander Mora Forero, Alvelayis Nieto Mejía","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1099","url":null,"abstract":"This research allows to know the symbolic value and the representations that tourists give to the traditional utilitarian and artistic handicraft work in pottery and ceramics, to identify the criteria of inclusion and exclusion at the time of purchase in Ráquira Boyacá, considered as the handicraft capital of Colombia. The objective of this research is to identify the potential of creative tourism based on utilitarian and artistic crafts as a strategy for economic revitalization and cultural dissemination in the municipality of Ráquira Boyacá. In addition, it is based on the main categories which identifies having a support or information on a participatory scenario involving artisans, tourists, merchants and the community. Likewise, the type of research handled in this project is qualitative where the analysis is interpretative and reflexive. In this way, ethnographic interviews are carried out to obtain decisive information from the artisans in relation to the techniques, know-how and traditional knowledge associated with their artisan work in which tourism contributes to the dissemination, valuation and conservation of artisan work, privileging the principles of sustainability, quality and responsibility of cultural and creative tourism. Therefore, as a result, relevant information from tourists who visit Ráquira was evidenced, with the purpose of knowing the symbolic value and the representations they give to artisan work. Equally important, concluding this research, there is a great potential to strengthen creative tourism products based on handicrafts in Ráquira.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127798521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-creating Experiences in Cultural Events: The Case of Three Portuguese Festivals","authors":"Paulo Teixeira Costa, Rui Miguel Ferreira Carvalho, Medéia Veríssimo, C. Costa","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1129","url":null,"abstract":"Experience co-creation has received much attention in tourism, events, and festivals literature. Often shared and consumed collectively, those experiences positively affect visitors’ satisfaction, the volume of expenditure, and levels of happiness, being essential for businesses, attractions, and destinations. As add-ons, co-creation experiences can play a significant role in diversifying and differentiating the supply of cultural events while contributing to fostering events and festivals as tools of territorial development. Within this context, this exploratory research aims to analyse the characteristics of co-creation experiences developed in three cultural events. Considering participation and personalisation as two relevant dimensions of experience co-creation, this paper analyses how they can be applied in the context of cultural events. The study follows a comparative approach, describing three cases of cultural events on the central coast of Portugal (Aveiro region). The methodology was based on participant observation and documental analysis of secondary data, namely the events and festivals characteristics, cultural programs, websites, and promotional materials. Major results indicate that two of the three events analysed have better conditions for the participation of visitors and the local communities, mainly due to the considerable number of activities that provide active participation and learning. On the other hand, one of the festivals fosters better conditions for the personalisation of services and experiences compared to the others, mainly due to the venue's characteristics and the way the program is designed. In that sense, the paper highlights the potential for the inclusion of co-creation experiences in events and festivals, providing a set of good practices for events and festival organisers and other tourism agents such as tourism businesses, tourism professionals, and local communities.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Climate and The Achievement of Objectives in a Governmental Tourism Management Institution","authors":"Franklin Cordova-Buiza, Heber Luis Olavarria-Benavides, Veronica Elizabeth de Jesus Jimenez-Tavara, Percy Ronald Ventura-Suclupe","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1275","url":null,"abstract":"Communication is an essential part to achieve the goals of any organization. Thus, nowadays, many organizations are committed to have an appropriate communication flow, being of total obligation to provide their collaborators with the necessary tools for an assertive communication; therefore, if the collaborators perceive that the institution offers them value, they will show great commitment to the achievement of the goals, based on internal communication. The government institution under study, which manages tourism in a region of Peru, presents several problems related to the organizational climate and its factors, such as lack of cooperation, poor relations between employees, conflicts and poor communication, which causes low productivity by the institution. The general objective is to determine the relationship between the organizational climate of the Regional Management of Foreign Trade and Tourism of Lambayeque and the impact on the achievement of the institution's objectives. Its variables seek to know if there is a relationship between organizational climate and the impact on the achievement of goals. Likewise, in relation to the methodology, it was a quantitative study, the method used was inductive and deductive, with a non-experimental design of correlational cross-sectional cut.  Its population consisted of 35 workers of the Regional Management of Foreign Trade and Tourism of Lambayeque, and its sample was a census, since it worked with the entire population and had a non-probabilistic sampling, of these correspond to 19 males and 16 females. Likewise, in terms of techniques and instruments, a survey was used, and a questionnaire was used as an instrument for both variables. As the main result, when applying Spearman's Rho, a value of 0.872 was obtained, which indicates that there is a strong and positive relationship between organizational climate and goal fulfillment. In view of the above, it has been concluded that there is a significant relationship between organizational climate and goal achievement.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130154441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional elements as part of the digital tourism experience","authors":"Johanna Heinonen, M. Murto","doi":"10.34190/ictr.6.1.1193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1193","url":null,"abstract":"Digital tools and platforms are often considered to improve customer experiences. Especially during the pandemic, businesses engaged with digital tools, e.g., marketing, sales, communication and experience creation. However, using digital solutions is often considered to solve all the challenges and problems, and the emotional and human touch needs to be remembered. With the requirements of multi-channelled communication, customer encounters are becoming more and more challenging. Technical excellence is not enough, but understanding customer behaviour and emotions is crucial. The age of the customer challenges companies to create experiential digital services instead of mere efficiency. Digital customer experience includes value proposition, human-centred innovation, and experiences (Tussyadiah 2014) along all the touch points of the digital customer journey (Zomerdijk & Voss 2010). These can be analysed with the sensorial, emotional and behavioural dimensions of Gentile et al. (2007) to understand the elements that create a customer experience. Gentile et al. (2007) also noticed that customer involvement and commitment were more substantial if several dimensions were present in the service. This paper studies the emotional customer responses to one webpage to determine the triggers creating emotions and thus resulting in actions. Laboratory experiments and thematic interviews were used as a method to help to form digital tourism experiences better. As a result, it can be stated that there is much to do to create positive emotional effects instead of frustration and anger. The study showed that even the pragmatic dimension failed in customer experience, and the sensorial dimension settled with vision. Even though this study functioned as a pilot for future research, it provided insights to the companies and increased the understanding of applying Gentile's dimensions of customer experience. While the tourism and hospitality industry is considered an experienced business, adding all the customer experience dimensions to the online channels and communication is recommended to increase customer involvement and, thus, customer loyalty.","PeriodicalId":413105,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Tourism Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133184338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}