REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW最新文献

{"title":"‘Sin is Rightly Called the Punishment of Sin’: Francis Turretin’s Reformed Doctrine of Sin","authors":"Nicholas A. Cumming","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1699683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1699683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article contextualizes Francis Turretin’s (1623–87) doctrine of sin, and in particular his understanding of sin as a punishment for sin. Specifically, it elaborates on the theological context into which Turretin speaks. Through analyzing Turretin’s historical situation, it progresses to the content of Turretin’s theology in light of his theological and political opponents. Utilizing Turretin’s Institutes of Elenctic Theology (1679–1685), St Augustine’s Contra Julianum, and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion, amongst others, this article evaluates Turretin’s view of the doctrine of sin and its relation to medieval and early-modern European theology. Ultimately, it argues that Turretin’s view of sin as a punishment of sin is born from his understanding of God’s holiness being demonstrated through his ‘vindicatory justice’ and Turretin’s self-understanding as an ‘orthodox’ theologian in the grand tradition of Western theology extending back to the Church Fathers.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"73 1","pages":"48 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76446445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emperor: A New Life of Charles V","authors":"P. Ayris","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1715549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1715549","url":null,"abstract":"1561, there was a royal command to dismantle rood lofts. This did not finally happen at Great St Mary’s until 1571 and moreover, between 1561 and 1571, the rood loft appears to have disappeared and re-appeared before finally being taken down. As Professor William Sheils argues, it was the intrusion of national political concerns that may well have disrupted communities’ tendencies towards neighbourliness and co-operation. The traditional view of the Elizabethan church as concerned with puritan opposition underplays what this book emphasizes – the continuing importance of Catholic conservatism and non-conformity. The work Contested Reformations in the University of Cambridge, 1535-1584, is a work which updates the interpretation of Professor H.C. Porter in his Reformation and Reaction in Tudor Cambridge (Cambridge: CUP, 1958). The use of archival material in the new work is important, but nonetheless caution needs to be exercised. This work is at pains to emphasize examples of Catholic conservatism in Tudor Cambridge, and it is right to do so. Nonetheless, the picture of a Cambridge which supported Protestant reform should not be forgotten. The conservative ascendancy under Mary can be seen as an example of obedience to the Tudor state. What the book acknowledges is that national developments helped condition local reactions to reforming tendencies. With the accession of the Protestant Elizabeth, a Protestant trajectory could only be confirmed and strengthened, not denied.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"31 3 1","pages":"86 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89087227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Early Influence of Humanism on Balthasar Hubmaier (1485–1528) During His University Studies","authors":"Andrew P. Klager","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1708021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1708021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historians have long accepted the influence of humanism on Anabaptist origins. The emphasis on text-based support of early reforms and critiques of the Catholic Church characterize the brand of humanism in northern Europe and the Protestant Reformation. However, little attention has been given to the precise dynamics, networks, and mechanisms exposing early Anabaptists to humanism years before they even began to consider a more drastic reformation of the Church. As the martyred Balthasar Hubmaier was a central figure and the only university doctor of the early Radical Reformation, this article will study the personal, textual, and curricular components of his academic career at the universities of Freiburg-im-Breisgau and Ingolstadt; it is important for revealing a commitment to humanism that is deeper than was previously thought. It throws light on how the New Learning affected some Anabaptists, which humanists influenced their radical reforms, and which academic disciplines inspired their reforming methodologies.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"13 1","pages":"24 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81399599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘To Take the Sword is to Draw the Sword without the Authority of the Prince’: Obedience, Duty and Romans 13 During the 1549 Rebellions in England","authors":"S. Foster","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1702144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1702144","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The motivations behind the 1549 rebellions were born of socio-economic and religious concerns. However, some contemporary commentators identified another underlying factor: a failure to observe the precepts of Romans 13. The text demands that all subjects must obey the higher powers for fear of God’s wrath, and that rulers have a reciprocal duty to protect their subjects from evil. In their response to the rebellions, Thomas Cranmer, Robert Crowley, and Thomas Lever, amongst others, provided an exegesis of Romans 13 that refused to place the blame for the uprising at the door of the rebels alone. Instead, they recognized that the temporal and spiritual ministers were likewise guilty of failing to observe their divinely ordained duties. As a result, what these interpreters revealed was that all classes of society shared a responsibility for the rebellions of 1549 because all had equally failed to observe the commands of Romans 13.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"32 1","pages":"25 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87328703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Martin Luther: Rebel in an Age of Upheaval","authors":"Ian Hazlett","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1715552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1715552","url":null,"abstract":"The calibre of this generously but discreetly illustrated study of Luther by a famous and influential historian of sixteenth-century Europe is very high. Better known as a ‘structuralist’ and as one of the inventors of the religio-political ‘confessionalization’ paradigm, Heinz Schilling admits here that employing biographical and theological genres are late developments for him. Although he might be vaguely characterized as ‘culturally Protestant,’ Schilling subscribes publicly to no religious persuasion and thus implicitly claims to be disinterested in dealing with the Luther-phenomenon. Targetting what he believes are open-minded modern people, his approach is paradoxical in tone. Hence, it both evaluates Luther’s albeit disputed impact on the modern age and affirms that outside the devotional, or transcendental spiritual, sphere, Luther is ‘different, not one of us... he is foreign to our age... a witness to a lost world.’ (3). His regular tête-à-têtes and stormy disputes with God and the Devil as well as his inherited medieval prejudices testify to the latter. But I am sure that considering this book’s sub-title: Rebel in an Age of Upheaval, Schilling would concur that irrespective of the Reformer’s sometimes shabby medieval baggage and socio-politically conservative instincts, much of the genius of Luther was also foreign to his own age and subversive of it. This important study first appeared in German in 2012, with revised editions later, that of 2013 being normative. Happily, its wider reception in the English-speaking world will be hastened by an overall convincingly idiomatic translation by Dr Rona Johnston of Yale – a monumental achievement. Anyone who has ever ventured into the field of translation can only corroborate that. This book adds to other recent and readable anniversary Luther-studies written in, or translated into, English by Scott Hendrix, Lyndal Roper, Richard Rex, Herman Selderhuis, Volker Leppin and Thomas Kaufmann, among others. Schilling, however, urges legitimately that it is high time to liberate Luther from the ‘cult of remembrance.’ While the Wittenberg professor did not publicly disseminate his fundamentally groundbreaking religious and theological ideas until 1520, his half-rebellious Ninety-five Theses in 1517 helped generate two conventional axioms in historiography and popular perception. First: the Reformation began in 1517. Second: the symbiosis between ‘1517’ and ‘Luther’ is secure by both belt and braces. Consequently, while there have always been high-profile, centenaries of Luther’s birth (1483) and death (1546), the 1517 anniversaries usually take shape as another Luther memorial, rather than remembering the Reformation in general and as something more than a German event. This is understandable if not justifiable, and certainly 2017 was no exception. In literature, the various media and commemoration events, Luther’s fame and celebrity status re-asserted itself in and around that year. In London, at ","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"64 1","pages":"80-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Birth of Modern Belief: Faith and Judgment from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment","authors":"P. Reisner","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1715551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1715551","url":null,"abstract":"to emigrate on the grounds of religion. One of the most striking developments of Charles’s reign was the colonization of Mexico and parts of South America. This should be considered as a rape of these regions, since Charles used treasure and resources shipped over to Europe to fund his wars across the European continent. Little survives concerning the Americas in Charles’s letters, but the conduct of the conquistadors clearly troubled him. He decreed that the book, Spain Victorious by Francisco López de Gómara, about the conquest of the Americas, should not be sold or read. In 1529, Charles accepted the recommendation of his council of the Indies that Peru should be settled, and that Pizarro should be entrusted with the task, but with respect. Pizarro defeated Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him, having first collected enormous quantities of gold and silver as ransom. Appalled by such reports, Pope Paul III issued a Bull in 1537 proclaiming that native Americans were full members of the human race and so not enslaved. The rape of these areas by Charles and his European subjects is utterly unacceptable to modern thinking. Could Charles have done more to stop it? It is difficult not to conclude that the emperor was blinded by European activity – he could have done more. Charles met his end at Yuste where he lived in seclusion, adding two wings to the Jeronymite monastery there. He contracted malaria and died in 1558. During his life, Charles ruled over vast territories. The size of his possessions was to prove a challenge for his successors, for the empire was broken up after his death. His personal rule of such enormous territories made them, as Professor Parker notes, an impossible empire. It can be argued, as Professor Parker does, that the reign of Charles V marked the point when maintaining the balance of power in Europe became the defining problem of western politics because Habsburg hegemony was unacceptable to the international community. Emperor: A New Life of Charles V is a magnificent achievement. It is beautifully illustrated with thirty-nine colour plates, including work by Titian. After Charles’s death, his son Philip left Titian’s great canvas of Charles V at the battle of Mühlberg (plate 25) in the storeroom of the Madrid Alcázar. Such an ungracious act underlines the contrasting opinions with which Charles was viewed by his contemporaries. He ruled a great empire, but at a cost in the Americas and in Europe which twenty-first century society is still having to address.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"63 1","pages":"88 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86564290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reformation Commentary on Scripture: Acts","authors":"A. Hugill","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1715546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1715546","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":"81 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90171266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contested Reformations in the University of Cambridge, 1535-1584","authors":"P. Ayris","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2020.1715548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2020.1715548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"5 1","pages":"83 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82803505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Doctrina Deo vivendi’: William Ames, the Nature and Sources of His Voluntarism","authors":"Takayuki Yagi","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1704359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1704359","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To establish his vision of theology as the doctrine of ‘living to God,’ William Ames, the English puritan theologian exiled in The Netherlands, strongly emphasized the will as the seat of faith. This prominence has often been interpreted as an extreme version of voluntarism eliminating the intellective elements altogether and regarded as something outside mainstream, Reformed orthodoxy. However, when analysed through the distinction between habit and action, it will be clear that Ames’s emphatic statements on the will reflect his concern for the singularity of virtue, and that he did assign some roles to the intellect in terms of the action of faith. Therefore, the difference over the question of the seat of faith is highly technical in nature and should not be exaggerated. Ames argued for the priority of the will over the intellect by drawing from Scotist sources, which was compatible with the Thomistic idea of premotion.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"3 1","pages":"64 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91041486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Property and Restitution in the Lutheran Tradition: Selected Cases of Interaction with the Scholastic Theologians","authors":"P. Astorri","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1661663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1661663","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the interaction between Lutheran and scholastic theologians with regard to property and restitution. It explores the use of scholastic sources by a number of Lutheran theologians on selected cases. Philip Melanchthon and Martin Chemnitz defended the idea that private property is a divine institution founded on the seventh commandment of the Decalogue and refuted the monastic ideal of voluntary poverty. In the seventeenth century, theologians like Friedrich Balduin, Balthasar Meisner, Conrad Horneius, and Johann Adam Osiander started to cite scholastic and early-modern scholastic theologians. They sometimes borrowed concepts and solutions to cases of conscience, but that did not prevent them from also criticizing the scholastics on other occasions. The Lutheran attitude toward the scholastics was therefore not uniform. The Lutheran theologians accepted or refused the scholastic opinions depending on the particularities of the questions treated.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"40 1","pages":"172 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85824873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}