Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria最新文献

{"title":"A Study of the Pigments and Cohesive Colour Layers of the Paintings in a Church from the Tenth to Thirteenth Centuries on the Plateau of Eski-Kermen","authors":"A. Loboda, I. Trunkin, R. Svetogorov, Nicolas Produit, A. Kamaev, S. Malakhov, K. Y. Pelve, E. Tereschenko, E. Khairedinova, A. Aibabin, Ekaterina B. Yatsishina","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.156-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.156-174","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018–2019, the excavations of an aisleless church dated from the tenth to thirteenth centuries and located in quarter II on the territory of a provincial Byzantine town atop of the plateau of Eski-Kermen discovered fragments of wall-plaster with polychrome painting. There are several shades of green, two shades of red, white (beige), yellow (ochre), and grey-brown colours. This paper presents the results of studies of the colour layer, determines pigments and cohesive colour components, and uncovers the features of the painting technique applied to the walls of the church. Four groups of samples were selected for the study featuring: 1 – white, 2 – yellow, 3 – red, and 4 – green colours. The elemental composition of the colour layer was studied by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX). The phase constitution of the samples was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method with the use of diffractometers operated in a transmission mode at the Kurchatov synchrotron radiation source. The chemical composition of colour layers was studied by infrared spectroscopy, and the study of cohesive colour materials was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The elemental composition and phase constitution of the white colour indicated the use of lime whitewash. Yellow ochre (goethite) was used as yellow colour. Red colour features the presence of hematite typical for the group of pigments united under the name of red soils. However, the discovery of 1% goethite typical for yellow ochres in the phase constitution of one sample allows the possibility that burnt yellow ochre was used as a red pigment. The green colour was green soil (glauconite and celadonite). It should be noted that none of the examined samples of red pigment contained traces of vermilion, which occurred in ancient paintings in the Crimea and was typical for Byzantine wall-paintings. In all the samples of pigments contained a significant degree of calcite (36-98%), possibly due to the presence of particles of undercolour in the measured samples of wall paintings, or diluting the pigment with lime water for the making of wall-painting featuring fresco technique. The use of the latter technique is also indicated by the presence of white lime colour. The traces of cohesive component in the form of fish glue and protein products from chicken eggs found in the red and green paint samples also suggests the use of the dry painting technique. Therefore, there are reasons to suppose that the painting of the quarter church of Eski-Kermen used two techniques, fresco and dry plaster paintings.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69757015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Threads from the Fourteenth-Century Slabbed Graves at the Plateau of Eski-Kermen","authors":"A. Antipenko, A. Loboda, E. Khairedinova, A. Ismagulov, E. Vashchenkova, E. Tereschenko, Ekaterina B. Yatsishina","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.229-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.229-245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the study of metal threads found in the fourteenth-century burials in slabbed graves located atop of the plateau of Eski-Kermen. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determined the metal of the threads in question as high-grade silver. The results of scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology of the artefacts allowed the one to suggest a variant of reconstruction of the sequence of technological operations in the manufacture of the metal threads in question. The feature of all the metal threads under study is very even outer and inner surface and stable thickness and width of the metal band. In all cases, gold inclusions were stretched in the mass of metal along the long edge of the bands. Cast metal was flattened into a thin band. Parallel scratches along the butt end of the threads suggest that rolled out metal was cut with a tool with a thin, sharp blade leaving scratches along the course of the blade. Semi-finished products were wound onto an organic core. The threads found in the slabbed graves atop of the plateau of Eski-Kermen were spun silver threads wound onto a silk core. Technologically, these threads correspond to the products of Mediterranean workshops. The location of the metal threads in the burial indicates that they were used in the embroidering of the collar and neck.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69757162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Byzantine Elements of Prestigious Horse Harness with Cloisonné Inlaid Decoration in the Post-Hunnic Period (Eastern Europe, Danube Area, and Eurasian Steppes)","authors":"M. Kazanski","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.57-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.57-70","url":null,"abstract":"The elements of prestigious horse tack of the Early Byzantine origin, decorated with cloisonné inlay style decor, have long been identified among the steppe nomads of the Post-Hunnic Period (the so-called Shipovo horizon from the second third of the fifth to the second third of the sixth centuries), as well as among the sedentary barbarians in Eastern and Central Europe. These finds include disc-shaped badges or plaques or appliques, rectangular belt-ends, and horse bits with zoomorphic images. Now it is difficult to infer specific mechanisms for the distribution of prestigious early Byzantine artefacts in the Barbaricum in the Post-Hunnic Period. It looks like that apart from the usual military trophies these items could have been included in diplomatic gifts. Written sources testify to specific cases of donation of horse accessories (saddles) to barbarian leaders. Along with weapons, these artefacts could also be obtained as a result of a symbolic investment of the Empire’s allies on behalf of the emperor. The hypothesis of making the artefacts in the cloisonné inlay style directly in the Barbaricum seems less probable, though the presence there of craftsmen including those who knew the technique of the Constantinople jewellery “school” is quite possible. However, it should be remembered that the technique of sawing and processing precious stones was particularly complex and was owned by a very limited number of craftsmen. Therefore, the overwhelming majority of barbarian jewellery pieces from the Hunnic and Post-Hunnic Periods used the secondary-used stones, in contrast to the case of the finds in steppe, like those from Morskoi Chulek, Bylym-Kudinetovo, Ialpug, or Altynkazgan. Rather, the latter were made in the Mediterranean workshops.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69757512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issuing Cast Lead Coins in Byzantine Cherson: A Local Phenomenon or a Technological “Flaw”?","authors":"N. A. Alekseienko, A. Antipenko","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.447-458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.447-458","url":null,"abstract":"Although the aspects of the production of Byzantine-Cherson cast coins and the technological nuances of their manufacture have been repeatedly studied in Russian scholarship, every time there appeared various hypotheses and assumptions, mostly remain highly debatable so far. For a long time, the lack or difficulties of access to the special equipment allowing the one to determine coin alloys allowed the researchers to draw conclusions about the coin material only against the background of some definitions from the scholarship and visual indicators. Among the disputable aspects is the casting of Cherson-Byzantine lead coins. In this connection, we have studied 30 specimens of coins by laboratory research of the alloy composition by X-ray fluorescent analysis. The samples selected for examination visually suggested a high content of lead. It has been found out that in the samples examined have similar elemental composition of coin alloy, lead with additions of arsenic. It is possible that, in the Byzantine Period, the Taurica received lead from the mines located in the Caucasus area, which were typical of a high content of arsenic. The most part of the of samples (27 specimens) contained more than 2/3 of lead; the alloy of three coins contained similar proportions of copper and lead. Taking the said results into account, we can suppose that the “almost pure” lead coins most likely were a specific kind of technological “flaw” in the casting in Cherson. It is still possible that, in the sorting of the ready-made coins, the specimens not corresponding to the standard samples and having casting defects (partial casting of the mould or lead casts) were withdrawn and returned to remaking. This interpretation explains why the so-called “lead” coins are relatively rare: they occurred mostly in the coinages from the age of Basil I and Leo VI, though in some series they were unique or unknown.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69757643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Knowledge of “Small Things” Matters: A Response to A. Iu. Mitrofanov","authors":"Valery P. Stepanenko","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.656-672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.656-672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69757724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrilocal, Areal and Religious Symbolic in Traditional Wedding Rituals of the Tuvans and Buryats in Late 19th – Beginning of 21st Century.","authors":"V. Lygdenova, E. G. Batonimaeva","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-7-169-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-7-169-178","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to reveal archaic matrilocal and the cult of fire, areal, shaman and late Buddhist symbols in wedding traditions of the Buryats and Tuvans. A comparative ethnographic method is applied in the research according to which the symbols are considered and compared in terms of synchronic and diachronic aspects. The paper is current due to representation of unity of nomadic family-tribal orientation based on the example of similarities in wedding traditions of Turk and Mongol peoples. High interest in wedding rituals in traditional society is connected with religious and magical elements that represent praying to local spirits for tribal development and safety. Results. As a result, the authors come to the following conclusions: firstly, similarity of many elements of wedding ceremonies is defined by nomadic traditions and ideals of a family tribal structure by northern Buryats to Turk peoples and southern Tuvans to Mongolia. Secondly, the late arrival of Buddhism to Barguzin valley and Tuva was a reason of preservation of archaic cults of shamanism. Conclusion. In summary, it is important to note that comparative analysis of wedding traditions among the Tuvans and the Buryats helps to reveal historical evolution and transformation not only in wedding traditions but in their traditional world view in general. Similarities in diachronic elements of the ritual show unity of many cults that point to tight interactions between the Tuvans and the Mongols, Buryats and the Turk neighborhood. For instance, archaic cults of mother and fire are similar among the Tuvans and the Buryats. Many Shaman and Buddhist cult symbols do not change in Tuvinian and Buryat culture because their philosophies have not been changed on their corresponding territories for a long time. To conclude, comparative research of wedding traditions of Turk and Mongol peoples offers rich material for future research of historical evolution of many cults because the wedding, as one of the most important stages in humans’ life, is always connected with religious rituals of initiation, safety and sanctification.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76844807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stone Industry of Somchai Cave (Excavations of 1980–1981)","authors":"A. Kandyba, Gia Doi Nguyen, S. Karpova, A. Chekha, A. Derevianko, Sergei A. Gladyshev, H. Le","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-7-62-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-7-62-72","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This article is dedicated to the collection of stone tools obtained as a result of excavations of the Somchai cave (North Vietnam) in 1980–1981. Somchai cave was discovered as a cultural object in 1980 and was investigated by various Vietnamese archaeologists in 1980–1981. The Somchai stone industry was attributed by Vietnamese researchers to the cultural and chronological stages of Hoabin II (Mezolithic) and Hoabin III (Early Neolithic). At the same time, the stratigraphic sequence of the lithological divisions of the site raises questions, due not only to the fragmentation of information in published sources, but also the influence of the modern anthropological factor. The description of archaeological material was selectively compiled, and subsequent publications were devoted to general reviews and paleobotany. Results. Somchai Cave belongs to the Karst region of the Kimboy massif of the northern part of the Annam Highlands (Chyongshonbak). The object is located at an altitude of 85 m above u.m. in the limestone remains in the Muongwang Valley of the Buoy River. It was discovered as a cultural site in 1980 and was investigated by various Vietnamese archaeologists in 1980–1981, 1982 and 1986. The stone industry of the Somchai site contains 845 artifacts. Among tools, the multiple group is represented by sumatralita, further on the frequency of occurrence the adzes, polished axes, choppers stand out, scraped, scrapers and other single products. Conclusion. By relying on a technical and typological analysis of a collection of stone artifacts obtained during research in 1980–1981, the Somchai cave industry can be defined as pebble and flake. It demonstrates the already developed features of stone technologies and tools, which are more distinctive for later cultures, such as Bakshon and Dabut, but at the same time the splitting traditions characteristic of the Paleolithic of Vietnam, which, like the Paleolithic of all Southeast Asia, continued the pebble-cleaved tradition, are preserved.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87410661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glazed Ware from the Golden Horde Period in the Central Museum of Taurida: An Attempt of Attribution of a Collection","authors":"E. Seidaliev, Dzhemile E. Seidalieva","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.282-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.282-307","url":null,"abstract":"A significant collection of ceramic wares excavated at the ancient town of Solkhat in 1925–1928 under the supervision of A. S. Bashkirov, U. A. Bodaninskii, and I. N. Borozdin is lost. In 2017, the Central Museum of Tavrida organized a temporary exhibition entitled The Crimea in the Golden Horde Period. The Crimean Yurt of the Golden Horde: The Legacy of the Vanished Empire, particularly presenting the materials originating from the excavations at the ancient town of Solkhat. Among other artefacts, there were three ceramic items of the origin still not quite clear. Probably these items belonged to the collection originating from the 1920s–1930s excavations, since they were transferred to the museum collection in the Post-War Period in result of liquidation of some museum in Staryi Krym. In total, the collection in question contains 343 items in fragments or archaeologically complete forms. The collection is rather quite comprising 240 imported items. This publication presents about 50 fragments of glazed ceramic ware: table ware is the most numerous category (99.4%). A significant part of the imported ware in this collection suggests that it originated from the excavations of either a caravanserai or the architectural and archaeological complex of the madrasah-mosque of Khan Uzbek. It is also supported by fragmentary records in U. Bodaninskii’s 1928 journals. According to the primary analysis of the collection and analysis of written sources on the history of archaeological researches of Solkhat in the 1920s, there are reasons to suppose that the museum materials in question are related to the archaeological excavations by the All-Union Association for Oriental Studies and the Bakhchisarai Museum of Turkic-Tatar Culture in Staryi Krym. Perhaps following the repressions against the participants and leaders of 1925–1928archaeological researches, the museum depository in Staryi Krym was liquidated and its materials were transferred to the Central Museum of Taurida.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69756768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediaeval Gravestones from the Crimean Steppe","authors":"Elena A. Aibabina","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.362-373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.362-373","url":null,"abstract":"There are late eighteenth-century maps of the town of Eski-Krym (Solkhat, Krym, Staryi Krym) which Muslim commune shaped by the last third of the thirteenth century showing a number of significant architectural objects and gravestones with stone-carved decorations. The system of Muslim gravestones developed by O.-N. A. Akchokrakly and A. S. Bashkirov is based on the study of forms and the location of ornamental and epigraphic parts of monuments from the cemeteries of Staryi Krym. Carved decorations of medieval grave monuments of Solkhat show by the high artistic level of carving, the quality of technical execution, and original ornamentation. Their connection of stone carving of the Crimea in the Golden Horde Period with the Asia Minor appeared simultaneously with the development of Muslim architecture. Photographs and drawings made by an academic expedition in 1925 that surveyed ancient Tatar settlements and cemeteries in the Crimean steppe (its western areas close to Yevpatoria, as well as the north of the Crimean Peninsula and its east close to the town of Staryi Krym) show a wide range of gravestones, mostly of geometrical forms like pillars topped with turbans. There is a small group of grave monuments, or the so-called two-horned gravestones, representing a rough form of similar tombstones originating from the Muslim cemeteries of Solkhat as the capital of the Crimea in the Golden Horde Period and other large settlements, such as Eski-Iurt. The two-horned gravestones from the cemeteries of large settlements present elaborate forms and inscriptions; they are covered with ornaments featuring the Seljuk style of the Asia Minor. The two-horned gravestones from the cemeteries in the steppe have a high base, with their pillars following the shape of vertical","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69756837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coin Alloys of Tauric Chersonese in the Period of Independence","authors":"T. Smekalova, N. Demidenko, Andrey N. Gavriluk","doi":"10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.374-401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.374-401","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the composition of alloys of the two largest collections of coins of ancient Chersonese residing in the State Historical and Archaeological Museum Preserve of Tauric Chersonese and the Yevpatoria Regional Museum. In total, about a thousand coins studied, which, together with the 400 coins previously examined from the State Hermitage Museum, constitutes a solid basis for conclusions. The given paper analyses the data obtained for coins of Chersonese in the Period of Independence, that is from the emergence of local coinage in the early fourth century BC to the wars of Diophantos in the late second century BC. For the first time it has been determined that big dichalkoi were minted from a special coin alloy, two-component high-tin bronze, in the period of economic prosperity of Chersonese in the second half of the fourth and third centuries BC. These coins served as the financial basis for important transformations in the near and distant chora: the land division system of vineyards and territorial expansion of Chersonese into the north-western Taurica. Only in the third century BC, in the period of an unprecedented consolidation of land properties and the transformation of the wine production into a commodity industry, the minting of large silver coins of full metal value began probably for big financial deals and payments in international trade. The crisis in the minting of Chersonese in the late second century BC touched silver drachmae, the overwhelming majority of which were minted from a low-grade silver alloy with the copper comprising more than a third of the composition. Thus, full-weight coins turned to conditional money.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69756897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}