Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria最新文献

{"title":"Palaeoanthropological Materials Excavated at the Cemetery of Eski-Kermen (According to 2017 Excavations)","authors":"V. Radochin","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.354-385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.354-385","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the joint expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the History and Archaeology of the Crimea Research Centre of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University continued rescue excavations of the site of ancient settlement on Eski-Kermen plateau and the cemetery on the slope of the mountain. The excavation at the cemetery uncovered ten burial constructions from various chronological periods: a burial vault and two undercut graves dating back to the early stage of the ancient town, though seven flat graves date from a later period. The flat graves were found close to the Three Holy Riders’s Church on the slope of Eski-Kermen. This article examines the palaeoanthropological materials obtained from the said burial constructions. The preservation of osseous remains from the undercut graves and burial vault was poor; the materials required preliminary restoration. Studying the materials from the burial vault was impeded since the skeletons were incomplete and osseous material was damaged. The materials from the flat graves were of good and satisfactory level of preservation. Most of the skeletons preserved in complete anatomic order. In investigation determined quantitative and sex-and-age structure of the deceased; the analysis of palaeopathological condition was undertaken; some non-metric features were recorded. Epigenetic peculiarities more often occurred on the cranial bones. The most common diseases among pathological cases were related to the teeth-maxillary apparatus. Diseases of locomotor apparatus occurred on vertebral column and big joints of long bones of arms and legs of mature male individuals. One of the buried female individuals had some changes on the sacrum bones known as spina bifida. There were pathological changes related with iron-deficient conditions, inflammations, and changes of bone tissue in result of overstrain of osseous apparatus due to excessive physical load. Only one case of traumatic lesion was documented. The cleaning of the skeleton from grave 395 uncovered the incompleteness of post-cranial skeleton: it laid in anatomic order, but there were no fibulae.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45024002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stamped Ceramic Vessels from Mediaeval Sougdaia","authors":"V. Maiko","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.420-440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.420-440","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the first-time analysis of the stamped ceramic ware (“Stamped Monochrome Green Ware”) from the Golden Horde Period discovered in all the years of archaeological researches of mediaeval Sougdaia. Although there are publications of the pottery kilns where this ware was produced, the collection itself was not introduced into the scholarship before. Nevertheless, this collection is one of the most representative for the Crimean peninsula. In total, there are 84 glazed and non-glazed fragments, including archaeologically complete forms, and 10 qalyp matrices. From the morphological features, there are reasons to establish five main types. Three of them divide into two variants according to the functional purpose. Two types more are so far isolated vessels with no analogies among the materials of Taurica and nearby territories. Each of the selected types contains vessels of two technique groups. Relief designs form seven main elements, combined into seven main ornamental compositions with several variants. According to the archaeological contexts represented mainly by stratigraphic horizons featuring wide chronological framework, the stamped ceramics of Sougdaia dates from the fourteenth to the first half of the fifteenth century. It is not possible to distinguish the complexes from the first quarter of the fourteenth century. The distribution area of stamped ware and, above all, the most representative collections of Solkhat and Azak have been analyzed. The sources from which this ware came to the Crimea have been repeatedly analyzed. Among them could be Khwarazm, which is still disputed by some experts, and the territory of Transcaucasia.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44245113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Archaeological and Geophysical Researches in the Port Area of Tauric Chersonese","authors":"A. Bukatov, V. Glazunov, Natalia Efimova, Vadim Panchenko","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.26-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.26-45","url":null,"abstract":"The best results of researching archaeological sites in the coastal zone come from integrated interdisciplinary approach involving modern geophysical methods. The analysis of the archaeological material obtained during excavations of the “diamond-shaped tower” in the water area near the port quarters of Chersonese suggests that the structure was constructed in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. The results of research on this site show that from the ninth and tenth to the period from the late eleventh to the first half of the thirteenth centuries the sea level in Karantinnaia Bay rose by ca 1 meter. The data obtained by continuous seismoacoustic profiling were used to identify continuous changes of the coastline in result of transgression and accumulation of the bottom sediments in the section of the water area near the port district of Chersonese. The analysis of the built-up seismogeological sections and isobath map enabled the research group to identify 3 terraces and associated morphological elements indicating the location of ancient coastlines in different historical periods. A spatial relationship has been established between the archaeological objects found at the sea bottom and the position of the underwater terraces. A reconstruction of the ninth- and tenth-century coastline has been suggested according to the archaeological data. The location of the “diamond-shaped tower” and the construction remains discovered in 2019 on the same terrace suggests that the structures existed approximately at the same time. Electrical prospecting research using bottom electrotomography explored the sediment structure of marine terraces to a depth of 10 m. The research results have determined bottom anomalies corresponding to various stages of development of the coast of Karantinnaia Bay. An extended linear anomaly, located 40–50 m from the modern coast and hidden by a layer of bottom soil up to 3 m thick, most likely corresponds to the early period of the ancient city. The sea in this area is ca 2–3 m deep.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Question of the Sacral Centre of Archaic Tyritake","authors":"V. Zin’ko","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.496-508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.496-508","url":null,"abstract":"The recent years of researches at Tyritake uncovered a number of new results about the Archaic Period in the history of this Bosporan town. The urban structure of Tyritake was created from 540–530 to 480–470 BC. From this period, there are two clearly distinguished stages II-A and II-B, with the border between them as the horizons of two fires and destructions. At stages II-A, the construction of adobe-and-stone residential buildings started in the central area of the town, as well as in its western area with already existing buildings of another purpose around rectangular square. The excavations uncovered numerous storage pits with amphorae and black-slip tableware, as well as ash stains with broken black-figured goblets. The whole area on the western edge of the town was used for all-town sacral purposes and was the western temenos of Tyritake. The western fortification wall of the town was erected ca 520–510 BC, after the first fire; and the layer of the next, second fire, dated to ca 480–470 BC, touches the said wall. The houses and temenos constructed in Tyritake suffered from the second great fire in 480–470 BC. According to the extraordinary sacrificial and sacral complex with four horses (storage pit no. 19), these events ended with some important success of the Tyritake population. The western temenos of Tyritake was active throughout a long period, from 540–530 BC to the turn of the eras.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46503458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Games of the Population of Byzantine Taurica (According to the Archeological Sources)","authors":"Anton A. Dushenko","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.222-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.222-262","url":null,"abstract":"Games were a popular form of leisure activities in Byzantium. The aim of this article is to reconstruct the complex of games practiced by the population of Byzantine Taurica. The source base comprises of items of gaming equipment excavated at the Byzantine towns of the Crimea. Following to the nature of the gameplay, the games are divided into three groups: tactical, gambling, games of dexterity. The first group includes chess and board games, the Nine Men’s Morris, in particular. The second group includes games with six-sided dice and four astragali. The third group consists of two more games with astragali: knucklebones and πεντέλιθα. The games, archaeologically documented in the Byzantine towns of the Crimea, are typical for the entire territory of the empire and adjacent territories.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45721544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A History of the Preparation of the First All-Russia Population Census of 28 January 1897 in the Crimea","authors":"Natal'ya Borschik","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.648-662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.648-662","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents little-known facts about the preparation of the all-Russian Empire population census of 1897. Archival documents revealing the entire spectrum of the creation of census commissions in the Crimean Peninsula have been identified. The Crimean specificity was the simultaneous existence of the provincial census commission in Simferopol and special commissions in the town governments of Kerch and Sevastopol. Their functions, personnel, and specific activities have been analyzed. Specific difficulties that the organizers of the census had to face have been outlined. The conclusion is that careful preparation and implementation of the recommendations from higher authorities contributed to the successful census in the peninsula.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42295336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Materials for B. N. Zasypkin’s Biography","authors":"Andrei A. Nepomniashchy","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.711-723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.711-723","url":null,"abstract":"This article continues the author’s series of publications on the history of organization and participants of the studies in Eastern culture in the Crimea in the mid-1920s. A page of the expeditionary activities of the team of the Central State Restoration Workshops in the Crimea is revealed. This work was a part of large-scale archaeological and ethnographic expedition for the study of the Crimean Tatar monuments. It was commissioned and funded by the Crimean ASSR and carried out by researchers from the academic centres of the USSR. The article has analysed the participation of Boris Nikolaevich Zasypkin (1891–1955), a well-known restorer and the organizer of the archaeological monument protection in different regions of the USSR, in the study of the Crimean cultural heritage. It has introduced into the scholarship previously not known documents from the collections of the Central State Restoration Workshops now residing in the Moscow Central State Archives. These materials shed light on new aspects of the architect-restorer B. N. Zasypkin’s works in the Crimea in 1926 and 1927. The texts of Zasypkin’s reports on his works on the peninsula in 1926 are supplied. Informative but little-known letters of P. I. Chepurina, the head of Yevpatoria Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, and K. E. Grinevich, the director of the State Museum of Tauric Chersonese, to B. N. Zasypkin uncover tough personal communications of the researchers of the Crimea and Zasypkin’s role in the said process. Zasypkin’s activities for the preservation of the museum in Yevpatoria has been demonstrated. He arranged the intercession of the museum existence and preservation of its storage from the Head of the Museum section of the Glavnauka (Supreme Administration of Scientific, Scientific-Artistic, and Museum Establishments) at the People’s Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR N. I. Sedova, the Head of the Glavnauka F. N. Petrov, and the Chair of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture N. Ia. Marr. The Central State Restoration Workshops’ expedition under the supervision of I. E. Grabar to the peninsula has been reconstructed. It included the head of the Commission for the Preservation and Discovery of Ancient Paintings in Russia and the art historian A. I. Anisimov, the restorer G. O. Chirikov, and the photographer A. V. Liadov. The 1927 expedition was aimed at the inspection of architectural monuments where paintings survived and the development of necessary measures to protect and maintain these architectural sites. Zasypkin’s work for the recording of Chersonese monuments has been shown.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44919473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphero-conical Vessels from the Golden Horde Period Excavated at Solkhat and the Sites in Its Immediate Vicinity","authors":"Dzhemile E. Seidalieva","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.397-419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.397-419","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological researches of the Crimean ulus of the Golden Horde discovered multitude of finds in the cultural layers from the late-thirteenth to the early fifteenth century, and particularly sphero-conical vessels. So far there existed no special studies addressing the sphero-conical vessels from Solkhat and its immediate vicinity. This article investigates the range of ware in question originating from 1978–2021archaeological researches. The materials in question reside in the State Hermitage Museum, Museum of Literature and Art of Staryi Krym, and the Crimean Tatar Museum of Cultural and Historical Heritage. At the moment, there is no information on the manufacture of this ware in the capital of the Crimean yurt of the Dzhuchi Ulus. The finds of sphero-conical vessels appeared at almost all the studied monuments in the fortified settlement of Solkhat. The most widespread are red-clay and grey-clay vessels decorated with “chain-mail” or “honeycomb” patterns. At this stage of the study, one can assume that the finds of sphero-conical vessels were related to the industries developed in the settlement. Moreover, the 2001 to 2008 archaeological research of the industrial settlement of Bokatash II did not uncover any fragment of sphero-conical vessel. The most part of sphero-conical vessels originate from excavation trench 46 located in the vicinity of the mediaeval bath in Georgievskaia ravine and researched in 2017. It could be indirect evidence that the vessels in question were transport containers for expensive and rapidly volatile liquids. An attempt has been made to systematize, analyse, and interpret this category of finds. The study addresses 50 finds total dated from the late thirteenth to the first half of the fifteenth centuries. The article includes the catalogue with detailed description of the ceramic finds and illustrations.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47618409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Mediaeval Wine-Presses in the South-Western Crimea","authors":"V. Gantsev","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.209-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.209-221","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this article is to develop an objective classification of mediaeval caved-in-rock wine-presses in the south-western Crimea. The accounts of 76 best-preserved wineries located within the limits of the “cave towns” of the Crimea or in their immediate vicinity are used. There were four main classes of wine-presses. Class I includes wineries, consisting of pressing platform, juice conduct, and juice container. Four types of class 1 wine-presses with variants have been suggested depending on the presence and location of cuts-in-rock intended for the lever press. Class II comprises of wine-presses consisting only of pressing platform and juice conduct. Class III consists of the wine-presses with portable wooden pressing platforms. Class IV comprises of screw presses. Class I wine-presses were the most common at the mediaeval sites in the Crimea. Lever press prevailed since it provided the cheapest construction and the most efficient usage.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43885056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A Student of the Reactionary Archaeologist A. A. Spitsyn”: To the Biography of N. I. Repnikov in the Early 1930s","authors":"I. Tikhonov","doi":"10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.724-741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2022.27.724-741","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the little-known pages of the biography of the Russian archaeologist N. I. Repnikov in the early 1930s, when he was arrested and spent two months in prison. It was the time when his colleague from the GAIMK (State Academy for the History of Material Culture) A. A. Miller wrote a sharply negative review about Repnikov’s scholarly activities, accusing him of trading antiquities. The main reason for such a sceptical attitude to Repnikov’s academic works was the competition between the school of palaeoethnologists to which A. A. Miller belonged and A. A. Spitsyn’s students. This way, dramatic ideological and political situation of the early 1930s around the Soviet archaeologists was also greatly influenced by the relationship between various groups of researchers within the scholarly community.","PeriodicalId":41183,"journal":{"name":"Materialy po Arkheologii Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii-Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45823055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}