{"title":"RISK ASSESSMENT OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASE USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL OF SAMUT SONGKHRAM PROVINCE, THAILAND","authors":"T. Chaiphongpachara, Prapawan Suacum","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate factors related to diarrheal disease occurrence in Samut Songkhram Province and create a spatial model to assess the level of diarrhoea risk at the district level of Samut Songkhram Province, including Muang Samut Songkhram, Amphawa and Bang Khonthi. Ten factors, including land use, population density, number of food establishments, standardized markets, hygienic toilets, volume of waste, water quality, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were used to study their relationship with cases of diarrhoea. The results of the analysis determined four factors associated with diarrhoea, including land use, standardized markets, volume of waste and water quality (p ≤ 0 .0 5 ) . Meanwhile, assessment of diarrhoea risk levels employing GIS established that Muang Samut Songkhram had the highest risk followed by Amphawa and Bang Khonthi, respectively. This information is important for planning and controlling diarrhoeal disease in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133225573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. E. Widodo, Muhammad Kamal, S. R. Dirmawati, Zulferiyenni Zulferiyenni, Rachmansyah A. Wardhana, L. Aini
{"title":"EFFECTS OF AMINOETHOXYVINYGLYCINE AND POSTHARVEST TREATMENT PACKAGE OF PLASTIC WRAPPING, FUNGICIDE PROCHLORAZ, AND LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE FRUIT SHELF-LIFE AND QUALITIES OF ‘CALLINA’ PAPAYA","authors":"S. E. Widodo, Muhammad Kamal, S. R. Dirmawati, Zulferiyenni Zulferiyenni, Rachmansyah A. Wardhana, L. Aini","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"'Callina' papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit is a recently released papaya fruit cultivar that dominates domestic markets in Indonesia. Its fruit has a very short shelf-life due to high respiration and transpiration rates. In our previous research, a postharvest treatment package consisting of one-layer plastic wrapping, fungicide Prochloraz 0.67 mL/L, and low temperature of 16-18 °C was able to prolong its shelf-life and maintain its high fruit qualities. By adding an anti-ethylene of aminoethoxyvinyglycine (AVG) to the postharvest package, longer fruit shelf-life can be expected. The purpose of this research was to study the combined effect of the fruit postharvest treatment package and AVG to the shelf-life and qualities of 'Callina' fruit. The study was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design of a 2 x 2 factorial. The first factor was the fruit postharvest treatment package (without and with the package consisting of a single layer plastic wrapping + Prochloraz fungicide 0.67 mL/L + low temperature 16-18 °C) and the second factor was the anti-ethylene AVG (without and with 5 mg/L AVG). The results showed that (1) the fruit postharvest treatment package had a significant effect on the fruit shelf-life of 'Callina' papaya by prolonging the shelf-life of 14 days longer than without the fruit postharvest treatment package, without affecting its fruit qualities, (2) the AVG had no effect on the shelf-life and fruit qualities, and (3) the combination of fruit postharvest treatment package and AVG gave the best result that prolonged its fruit shelf-life up to 16 days longer","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115428968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRACELLULAR PULLULANASE BY KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATED FROM SOIL","authors":"S. Abdul-Hadi, Aswan H. Al-Bayyar","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Many soil samples collected from different locations in Mosul city in Iraq showed existence of bacterial isolates produce pullulanases, seven isolates were obtained and the most prominent one was denoted No5 in terms of the decomposition halo diameter, which reached 8.46 mm, and when the isolates subjected to primary screening by cultured on pullulan-supported medium it was identified as Klebsiella pneumonia after a number of diagnostic and biochemical tests. A number of sequenced steps for enzyme purification included precipitation with 75% saturation of ammonium sulphate which record enzyme activity 93.05 U/ml, followed by dialysis step for 24 hours. The purification step by using Sephadex-G100 gave 19.013% as enzymatic yield with 74.581 folds. It is cleared by using electrophoresis, that the molecular weight of the enzyme was 94 KD. By studying some enzyme characteristics, the results showed that optimum pH for activity was 6 while the optimum pH for stability was 6-7, and the optimum temperature was 600C, while 95% of enzyme activity was retained at 50-600C.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130820994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFFECT OF BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS ON CULEX QUINQUE FASCIATUS AND CULEX MOLESTUS IN IRAQ","authors":"M. H. Abed-Ali","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted, between Juley and April 2013, to investigate the environmental factors (biotic and abiotic) affecting the relative abundance and distribution of mosquito in College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University. The sampling unit comprised different aquatic habitat types including basins, ponds and trocar. Morphological identification revealed two mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus and C. molestus. Statistical analysis indicated that C. quinquefasciatus individuals were significantly higher than C. molestus in all habitats. The relative abundance of both species was 80.3 and 16.6 respectively in trocars. Results showed the presence of other aquatic habitats including five insect families belonging to three orders (Odonata, Diptera and Coleoptera), frogs and snails.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131011640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL OF MORINGA SEEDS IN ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC CONTENT FROM WATER COLLECTED FROM OILFIELD REFINERY","authors":"A. S. Jafer, Ali A. Hassan, Z. Naeem","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this education is to explore uses of moringa seeds (M. oleifera) in the adsorption of organic contents from wastewater of oilfield refinery, Iraq. Adsorption treatment conditions were optimized to assess the relations between working condition, such by means of moringa amount, contact time and pH, to classify the best working circumstances. Organic removal rates were 89.65% under the optimum conditions comprise a contact time of 1.5 h, 1.5 g moringa dose and pH 3. The aptitude of moringa seeds to eliminate organic contents was augmented subsequently addition of different dosage at regular mixing time between 0.5 and 1 h. The equilibrium data of adsorption were investigated by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm replicas. We noted that supreme adsorption capacity of organic intended from Langmuir isotherm stood about 23.97 mg/g. The devised adsorption can be explored as a well-organized green treatment for removal of organic matter from refinery waste water in acidic conditions pH < 7.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121503624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Y. Al-Mahdi, M. Ahmida, A. A. Alabed, Rasheed Abdsalam
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF ARSENIC, LEAD, MERCURY AND COLIFORM COUNT IN SERDANG LAKE, SELANGOR MALAYSIA","authors":"A. Y. Al-Mahdi, M. Ahmida, A. A. Alabed, Rasheed Abdsalam","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116993268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Pato, Y. Yusuf, Ivan Pratama Panggabean, Nurul Putri Handayani, Nadia Adawiyah, Arif Nanda Kusuma
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SKIM MILK AND SUCROSE ON THE VIABILITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND QUALITY OF PROBIOTIC COCOGHURT PRODUCED USING STARTERS Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei R-68 AND Streptococcus thermophilus","authors":"U. Pato, Y. Yusuf, Ivan Pratama Panggabean, Nurul Putri Handayani, Nadia Adawiyah, Arif Nanda Kusuma","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoghurt is made from the main raw material of coconut milk. In this study, the effect of skim milk and sucrose on the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was examined together with the impact on the quality of cocoghurt produced. Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei R-68 and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures. The study was carried out experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design with the variations of both skim milk and sucrose concentrations. The data found were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and then continued with DNMRT at 5% level. Parameters observed were total LAB, pH, total lactic acid, total solid, protein, moisture and ash contents as well as total fat and fatty acid profile. The results showed that the addition of skim milk (2.5%) and sucrose (5.0%) produced cocoghurt which met the quality standard. Cocoghurt produced using skim milk 5.0% and sucrose 7.5% had the characteristic of being slightly white, tasting sour and sweet, with an aroma of coconut milk; the texture was rather thick and preferred by the panelists. Probiotic cocoghurt showed that fatty acid profiles were dominated by medium-chain saturated fatty acid 72.90% followed by long-chain saturated fatty acid 13.11% and unsaturated fatty acid 7.28%.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132053314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Furhan, N. Salaria, M. Jabeen, J. Qadri, Kashmir
{"title":"PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF COLD-ACTIVE METALLOPROTEASE BY BACILLUS SP. AP1 FROM APHARWAT PEAK, KASHMIR","authors":"J. Furhan, N. Salaria, M. Jabeen, J. Qadri, Kashmir","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"A gram-positive, rod shaped psychrotrophic and alkalotolerant bacterium, producing extracellular proteolytic enzyme was isolated from the peak of Apharwat, Kashmir. The strain was identified as Bacillus sp via 16S rDNA sequencing and was designated as Bacillus sp. AP1. Highest quantity of enzyme was secreted when strain was grown for 30 hours at 20oC and pH 9.0. Glucose and skim milk were the best source of carbon and substrate respectively. The optimal activity of partially purified protease was recorded at pH 9.0, classifying the enzyme as alkaline protease. Similarly, the protease was found to be low temperature active with maximum enzyme activity at 20oC. Strong inhibition of activity by EGTA and EDTA defines the enzyme as metalloprotease; among metal ions, Mn enhanced enzyme activity. Finally, the washing test proved that enzyme could possibly be effective as an additive for cold washing purposes.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126033296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROLE OF TNF- (Aplpha) AND IL-10 IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DISEASE AND THE ASSOCIATION WITH SOME HLA -11 DR AND DQ ALLELES","authors":"S. Raheem, Mussa M. Alkhatib, Asraa Jawad Jabber","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"502 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116062420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STUDY THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE ON POLYMER (PAPA) COMPONENT","authors":"A. Shatti, Osamah Adnan, Ihab Aljanabi","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2019.16.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study graphene was prepared from the reaction of the graphene oxide by hummer methods. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Two types of polymers were prepared (PAPA) , Were diagnosed by FT_IR. The polymeric chips were maxed with vinyl alcohol polymer (PVA)(it's physical and chemical properties was known). The physical and electronic properties of these polymers were studied after deflection with nanoparticles. Electrophysiological measurements showed that the PAPA with graphene nanoparticles has shown a higher conductivity than the (PAPA) polymers. and the real dielectric moment constant of (PAPA +Graphene). Whereas the electrostatic moment constant showed a significant in PAPA. The study showed that these latter particles have a higher electric capacity of store energy than the polymer and are suitable for many applications ranging from the manufacture capacity to batteries. Key word: Graphene, nanoparticles, polymer PAPA, conductivity, Dielectric constant, Nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115780714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}