Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BISCUITS ENRICHED WITH DATE POWDER","authors":"A. Ali, Akhtiar Ali, S. Naz, Riaz Ali, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi, Majid Ali, Nazia Bashir, N. Din, Salmann Ali","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1-2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1-2.31","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out during 2018 at laboratory of Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam to evaluate the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of biscuits enriched with date powder. The treatments included: T1= 0% without date powder (control), T2= 50% date powder and T2= 100% dates powder. Some chemical parameters were studied which included moisture (%), ash (%), TSS (oBrix), pH value, vitamin C mg g- 1, protein (%), carbohydrates (%), fat (%) and crude fiber (%) per 100 mg. The control (T1) with 0% date powder (control) resulted in 2.44% moisture, 0.30% ash, 9.50°Brix total soluble solids, 5.60 pH value, 16.92 mg/100g vitamin C, 32.61% fat, 0.02 per 100 mg crude fiber, 18.59% protein and 44.37% carbohydrate. The sensorial analysis indicates that numerical high score of color (8.36), flavor (8.60), texture (7.86), taste (8.50) and overall acceptability (8.06) was recorded in biscuits enriched with 100% dates powder followed by biscuits with 50% date powder with average score of color (7.46), flavor (7.53), texture (7.60), taste (7.46) and overall acceptability (7.56","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126185976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION METHODS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RIDGE GOURD (LUFFA ACUTANGULLA)","authors":"A. Ghaffar, A. Zehri, B. Solangi, Abdul Raoof khan, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi, A. Wahab, Juma khan Tareen, A. Nabi, Mitha khan Gola, Muhammad Aslam Alizai","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1-2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1-2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Study was conducted In RCBD Design with three replicates to examine the impact of nitrogen application methods on the growth and yield of ridge gourd, evaluating 06 treatments comprising of various soil and foliar-applied N combinations. The following treatments were used: T1=Control (no N applied to the surface, no N applied to the leaves): T2=N at 75kg ha-1 through soil; T3=N at 75 kg ha-1 through soil+foliar urea at 1.5% concentration; T4=N at 75 kg ha-1 through soil+foliar urea at 3.0% concentration; T5=N at 100 kg ha-1 through soil; T6=N at100 kg ha-1 through soil+foliar urea at 1.5% concentration;T5=N at 100 kgha-1through soil+foliar urea at 1.5% concentration; The findings showe that various nitrogen application approaches had a major impact on all of the ridge gourd parameters calculated in this analysis (P0.05). With i258.33cm ivine iduration, 7.75 branchesivine-1, 11.26 fruits vine-1,i281.38giaverageisingle-fruitiweight, 3.25kg weightiofiridgeigourd fruitiperivine, 36.30kg ridge gourd fruit yield plot-1 and 14520.55kg ridge gourdifruit yieldiha-1, the ridge gourd vines plantediunderiT6 (N at 100kg ha-1 by soil+foliariapplicationiofiurea at 1.5%iconcentration)iratediforibothivine growthiand ridge igourd yield characteris-tics, the ridgeigourd cropifertilisediwith N at 100k ha-1 through oiliranked second, N at 75kg ha-1 through soil + foliar application ofiureaiati3.0%iconcentrationiranked third, N at 75kg ha-1 through the soil+foliar application of ureaiat 1.5% concentration ranked fourth, and N at 75 kg ha-1 through soil without foliariurea ranked fifth. Onialliof the characteristics tested, the controliplots came inilast.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133263390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASIAN NIPAH VIRUS AND THE POTENTIAL OF NEW PANDEMIC","authors":"E. Yahya, Amaal Mohammed Alqadhi, M. A. Abdulsamad, A. A. Allaq","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Nipah virus infection is a renewable threatening stage III zoonotic disease caused high mortality rates and significant public health risks in the past two decades. Several outbreaks of the Nipah virus occurred in Malaysia, Bangladesh, India and other Asian countries, which differed in the characteristics as each outbreak results from a novel strain of the virus. The continuous change of the viral hosts, as it jumps from bats to the animal/human and vice versa, but the virus in need to adapt to the new environment and favor mutations accuracy. The recent outbreaks of the virus caused much concern worldwide due to its ease of transmission and high mortality rates. During the rapid spread and replication of Nipah virus, more mutations are likely to develop, enhancing its epidemiological patterns and increasing its pathogenicity, raising the risk for a new pandemic. This review presents the chronological development of Nipah virus outbreaks and the main differences from the originally discovered Nipah virus and the more recent strains and discussed the potential of this virus to become a new pandemic.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122887131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) IN LIBYA","authors":"A. A. Allaq, N. J. Sidik, A. Abdul-Aziz, Abdul Mutalib Alabeed Alkamil, A. Elengoe, E. Yahya, M. A. Abdulsamad","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak originated in Wuhan, China, as a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases. It has now spread to 221 countries.Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus. Though some people may be asymptomatic, the common symptoms of COVID-19 patients include, but not limited to, fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, the new loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea.Materials and Methods: The information was gathered from the review of relevant literature obtained from various databases such as Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar.Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into host cells: Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of ~30 kb. They infect a wide variety of host species. They are divided mainly into four genera; α, β, γ, and δ based on their genomic structure. α and β coronaviruses infect only mammals 28 .Case Study in Libya: COVID-19 cases have affected the medical education system in Libya. Several medical schools were temporarily closed for several periods during the war, which resulted in delays in the graduation and medical education of thousands of medical students.Medicine traditional of herbal plant: Medicinal plants have a fundamental role in our beliefs, especially among the elderly, and in light of the lack of adequate treatment and lack of necessary medicines. Some herbs may boost the immunity in the blood and increase antibodies, and it is unknown to scientists until now whether this might positively affect the body's immunity.Conclusion: This study was aimed to provide information on epidemiological characterization and the spatial and temporal patterns of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya. It is conclusively evident that the pandemic has affected the whole country, with incidence rates varying from one region to another. Meanwhile, the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Libya is still a tough fight.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115393394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT AND THEIR IMPACTS ON HEIGHT AND YIELD OF TOMATO CROP UNDER THE TUNNEL FARMING CONDITION","authors":"A. Baloch, B. Bangulzai, M. Dawood, Sarfraz Yousaf","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2021.18.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is attacked by various disease causing micro-organisms. Amongthem Fusarium wilt is the major destructive diseases of tomato. This study was conducted to test theefficacy of different fungicides i.e. metalaxyl+mancozeb, copper oxychloride, benalaxyl+mancozeb,carbendazim and mancozeb at different concentrations (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 g/litre water) against the fusariumwilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and also to observe the impacts offungicides on plant height and yield under tunnel condition. The result revealed that copper oxychloridewas significantly effective in all its doses to control the Fusarium wilt of tomato, the most effective dose was 3 g/l where the disease severity was recorded 6.2 percent only, followed by metalaxyl+mancozeb (4g/l) in which the disease severity was recorded 9.6 percent, other fungicides also showed good result but mancozeb alone was not effective, however it had synergistic effect and could be used as basis with the other product to control the fusarium wilt. Two of the fungicides proved to be the most appropriate chemicals having no severe impacts on plant height and yield. The highest plant height was recorded 10.96 and 9.38 feet whereas the highest yield per plant was recorded 3.97 and 3.67 kg in case of copper oxychloride and metalaxyl+mancozeb respectively.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132094734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ACTIVITY OF DEFENSE RELATED ENZYMES AND GENE EXPRESSION IN RUBBER CLONES AGAINST RIGIDOPORUS MICROPORUS INFECTION","authors":"Afdholiatus Syafaah, Natthakorn Woraathakorn, Patimapon Plodpai, C. Nualsri, K. Nakkanong","doi":"10.34016/PJBT.2020.17.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/PJBT.2020.17.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"Rigidoporus microporus is the causal agent of rubber white root disease (WRD). Control of this is commonly carried out by chemical treatment. The use of tolerant rootstocks may present an effective method to lessen its impact. The screening of rubber rootstocks for tolerance of WRD was investigated by both defense-related enzymes and gene expression, and assessment of disease symptoms.Two recommended clones in Thailand (RRIT251 and RRIT408) and RRIM623 (Malaysian clone) were screened and compared with susceptible clones (RRIM600 and BPM24) and tolerant clone (PB5/51) by inoculating young rubber seedling with R. microporus. The expression of PRs and PAL were analyzed at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post inoculation (dpi) along with the defense-related enzyme activities. Based on observed transcriptional level of PRs and PAL genes, CHI, PAL, and POD enzyme activities, and also evidence from WRD symptom assessment in the field, we concluded that PB 5/51 had the best tolerance with the lowest disease incidence, high PAL and POD enzyme activities, with the next best being RRIM 623 and RRIT 251, respectively. Meanwhile, BPM 24, RRIM 600, and RRIT 408 clones are moderately susceptible to WRD. The study introduces new possibilities for the control of WRD using alternative rubber rootstock clones.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATING THE STATUS OF VITAMIN 25(OH) D LEVELS AMONG FEMALES OF ALL AGE GROUPS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN VITAMIN D LEVELS AMONG FEMALES IN KARACHI","authors":"Farrukh Abu Hazim, Rafat M. Amin, Urooj Ishrat, N. Baqai, Tehseen Fatima Zeb","doi":"10.34016/pjbt.2020.17.2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2020.17.2.115","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Vitamin D plays an imperative role in growth, metabolism and reproduction. Low levels of this vitamin D, are highly prevalent globally and leads to various disorders besides different skeletal deformities. Women of different reproductive ages are more prone towards developing bone diseases as of low vitamin D levels. The study focuses to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiencies in females of different ages in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: Serum vitamin 25(OH) D levels of 1035 female were measured by electro-chemiluminiscence immuno assay. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 16. Results: Among 1035 participants of different reproductive ages, 26.1% (n= 270) showed severe vitamin D deficiency, 44.2% (n=458) displayed mild to moderate Vitamin D deficiency while 29.7% (n=307) were having normal levels of serum vitamin D. Discussion and conclusion: 70.4 % of our studied population had lower levels of vitamin D representing that majority of Pakistani women have vitamin D Deficiency. Since hypovitaminosis is a grim public health concern, strong recommendation of health education and vitamin D supplementations for the female population is proposed.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123048372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTISTATIC PACKAGING OF PLASTICIZED BIODEGRADABLE POLYLACTIC ACID / GRAPHENE NANCOMPOSITES","authors":"Saif M. Jaseem, N. Ali","doi":"10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Poly lactic acid is inexperienced various to organic compound artifact plastics, employed in packaging with graphene that being one atom thick sheet, composed of sp2 carbon atoms organized in an exceedingly flat honeycomb structure .In this analysis victimization plasticizer thymol with composites were ready by an answer casting technique with (0.5-10) % towers Graphene .Experimental work contain morphological (AFM,FTIR), mechanical(Tensile, Tear, Hardness),electrical conductivity Color , contact angle, and TGA . Results hyperbolic electrical physical phenomenon with hyperbolic Graphene and makes the composite less resistive and appropriate to be used as antistatic packaging , increase the strength and tensile modulus and elongation at (0.5-1)% and attenuate in (3-10%)%,Tear Resistance attenuate once the tensile decrease however hardness hyperbolic with graphene .The results of contact angle of pure PLA is 83◦ that hydrophobic and attenuate to 51◦ at PLA/thymol/Graphene 10% percent to get hydrophilic that able to dissipate or promote the decay of electricity and improve method ability of device. Color and Brightness show that attenuate however appropriate for antistatic packaging and have become opacity at 100 percent Graphene. Thermal stability shows that Graphene hydrolysis by oxidization and exfoliation of carbon and also by the functionalization of sheets graphene to hence on the mass loss of composites.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114245995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF CULTURE REQUIREMENTS FOR CELLULOSE PRODUCTION BY EGYPTIAN LOCAL ISOLATE ALONGSIDE REFERENCE STRAIN GLUCONACETO- BACTER HANSENII ATCC 23769","authors":"Ahmed Saleh Khera, A. Farrag, N. Soliman, M. Ibrahim, N. A. El-Shinnawy, Y. Abdel-Fattah","doi":"10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose demonstrates unique properties and suitable for many different applications. In the present study an acetic acid bacterial strain has been isolated from rotten apple and investigated as cellulose producer. The strain was identified using morphological, biochemical characterization and 16s rRNA gene sequencing and named as Komagataeibacter hansenii (K. hansenii AS.5) under identity percentage 99%. Culture conditions for BC production by AS.5 were screened and compared with reference one Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 under static condition. Optimization of key production parameters has been carried out using OVAT (One Variable At Time) approach. Effect of media composition, inoculum size, pH, temperature, incubation time, different carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated. The highest production of cellulose (3.75 g/l) was obtained after 10 days, 8% inoculum size, incubation 25◦C by K. hansenii AS.5 using Yamanaka medium with glucose and yeast extract as a sole carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. On contrast, G. hansenii ATCC 23769 exhibits the maximal BC production (2.18 g/l) under the modified GEM medium composed of mannitol and yeast extract as the optimum carbon and nitrogen source after 7 days at 25 ◦C and inoculum size 6%. It is clearly noticed the Cellulose production by the local isolate is higher than the reference one by 1.7- fold.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115371912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PREVALENCE OF SEN VIRUS GENOTYPES IN BAGHDAD CITY","authors":"T. Quasim, A. Alshaikhly","doi":"10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2019.16.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"SEN virus (SEN V) is one of worldwide incidence of blood borne pathogen. The most dominant genotypes among the nine genotypes of the SEN virus are SENV-D and H. The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of SENV genotypes particularly SENV- D and H genotypes in healthy Iraqi participant’s sera. Totally, 200 serum samples from healthy voluntaries were collected from both gender as well as subjected to nested PCR. SENV-D was detected in 30% healthy individuals and more frequent in tested male 51.25 than in female individuals 48.75%. The frequency of SENV-H was found in 5% of participants. SENV-D is the dominant strain in the Iraqi studied group followed by genotypes H. phylogenetic tree analysis of virus near-complete open-reading frame 1(ORF1), was performed, and the evolutionary relationship indicated that local isolates were very close to the group that included the Asian isolates.","PeriodicalId":411068,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133608579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}