African Safety Promotion最新文献_第7页

Truth, confessions and reparations: Lessons from the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission 真相、供词和赔偿:来自南非真相与和解委员会的教训

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V3I1.31621

Garth Stevens

{"title":"Truth, confessions and reparations: Lessons from the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission","authors":"Garth Stevens","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V3I1.31621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V3I1.31621","url":null,"abstract":"Collective violence in the form of war, state-sponsored acts of terror and institutionalised human rights violations, continue to be centrally implicated in the high rates of death and disability across the \u0000globe in contemporary societies. Alongside this recognition we have witnessed the development of \u0000ongoing economic, political and social initiatives aimed at preventing collective forms of violence and \u0000conflicts, and mediating against their long-term impacts and effects. To this end, post-conflict \u0000commissions have become a fairly well-established psychological, social and political institutional \u0000mechanism to address past atrocities; one of the most acclaimed exemplars is the South African \u0000Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). This article reflects on the South African TRC, and \u0000highlights the challenges that it has faced in meeting three pivotal aims, namely the eliciting of truth, \u0000acting as a facilitating space for confessions related to human rights violations, and effecting \u0000reparative processes for the victims of such acts of violence. The article notes that while the TRC \u0000may be considered a success in the context of post-apartheid nation-building it falls short as a \u0000comprehensive strategy for just reconstruction in post-conflict contexts, since it tends to contribute to \u0000the construction of a notion of social healing without significant forms of social justice embedded \u0000within it.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"11 1","pages":"23-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86284341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Africa-Europe Group for Interdisciplinary Studies European Conference on African studies 非洲-欧洲跨学科研究小组欧洲非洲研究会议

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31649

Kopano Ratele

引用次数: 0

Conflict management in the Indian subcontinent: The dimensions of Hindu-Muslim conflict 印度次大陆的冲突管理:印度教徒与穆斯林冲突的维度

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V3I1.31624

I. Ansari

引用次数: 0

"Hidden curriculum" abuse in parts of Zimbabwe: Is this a new form of child abuse or child labour? 津巴布韦部分地区的“隐藏课程”虐待:这是一种新的虐待儿童或童工形式吗?

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31644

A. Shumba

{"title":"\"Hidden curriculum\" abuse in parts of Zimbabwe: Is this a new form of child abuse or child labour?","authors":"A. Shumba","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31644","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to determine : (a) the nature and extent of \"hidden curriculum\" abuse perpetrated against pupils by Zimbabwean teachers; and (b) the aetiology of this form of child abuse. In this study, data were collected using two designs : (i) administering the Pupil Questionnaire to a purposefully selected sample of 200 Form 1 pupils; and (ii) asking teacher trainees to write an essay about the forms of child abuse that they observed being perpetrated against pupils by Zimbabwean teachers other than sexual, physical and emotional. Both the epidemiological and aetiological data collected from pupils were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Participants indicated the following forms of \"hidden curriculum\" abuse perpetrated by teachers : pupils were sent to buy beer or cigarettes; they were made to mind the teacher's baby or child; they were made to wash pots or plates; they were sent to the grinding mill; they were made to fetch firewood; they were sent to fetch water; and they were sent to sell freezits, pop-corn, fruits, etc. The study also showed that pupils were sent to buy vegetables, milk, bread, etc. and were made to cook food. In their essays, teacher trainees indicated that similar forms of child abuse were perpetrated against pupils in schools. The study concluded that Zimbabwean teachers involve pupils in domestic chores at their houses during school hours.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"30 1","pages":"83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85906497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Strategic violence prevention partnerships in a peri-urban South African town : the case of the Jamestown community project 南非近郊城镇的战略暴力预防伙伴关系:以詹姆斯敦社区项目为例

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V5I1.31631

S. Marais, A. Naidoo, H. Donson, C. Nortjé

{"title":"Strategic violence prevention partnerships in a peri-urban South African town : the case of the Jamestown community project","authors":"S. Marais, A. Naidoo, H. Donson, C. Nortjé","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I1.31631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I1.31631","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of collaborative community partnerships as a prevention model and an agent for change has been realised in public health and the social sciences over the past two decades. Community coalitions and partnerships are alliances among people and organisations from multiple constituencies who work together to achieve a common purpose and to effect a specific change that individual members would be unable to bring about independently. In this article the strategic development of partnerships concerning health and social welfare issues in general, and specifically partnerships affecting the prevention of violence in a peri-urban town in South Africa, are explored. Factors leading to the formation of partnerships and influencing sustainability are discussed. In particular, the initiative of the local university in building partnerships with the surrounding community is referred to. Two projects by the Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, namely, the Jamestown Community Project and a collaborative project with the Medical Research Council (MRC) to collect data on violent and other injuries are described. These partnerships were based within a community psychology framework, with the assumption that social development programmes create new skills, resources and options for coping with adverse conditions thereby reducing antisocial and violent behaviour amongst high-risk adolescents. A strong sense of community and mutual empowerment evolved among the partners and each partner achieved positive outcomes from the process. Indications are that where collaborations attempt to equalise the power differentials between partners, both interventions and community empowerment tend to be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"2 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86489537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

City-level violence prevention - an overview of local and international literature 城市层面的暴力预防——本地和国际文献综述

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V6I1.31655

J. Gouveia, M. Nethavhani, B. Bowman, M. Seedat

{"title":"City-level violence prevention - an overview of local and international literature","authors":"J. Gouveia, M. Nethavhani, B. Bowman, M. Seedat","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V6I1.31655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V6I1.31655","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of evidence has recognised cities as optimum sites in which to conduct injury prevention research. However, there appears to be an absence of a systematic review of city-level studies in the literature. International experience has shown that injury prevention programmes coordinated at city level can have a significant impact in reducing injuries, and this has important implications for local economic growth and business investment. This overview includes available South African and international city-level studies emphasising those city-level initiatives that focused on the prevention and control of violence. It also highlights the challenges and opportunities that have emerged from the implementation of injury prevention programmes at city level. A key finding is that documented city-level injury prevention initiatives are scarce, and that evaluation, a critical component of any injury prevention programme, is missing from those articles that do exist. Without an evaluation of the implemented initiative there is no accurate way to accurately the initiative's success in reducing injury-related morbidity and mortality, or its ability to enhance the adoption of safety practices. This indicates a clear need for more investment in evaluating injury prevention strategies at city level. Intervention methods piloted at city level were not reflected in the literature, illustrating a lack of collaboration between science and society, policing and research, and the prevention sector in general. By drawing on the lessons provided by international city-level injury prevention initiatives, the article concludes by suggesting the possible replication of cost-effective preventive measures, and evaluates some of the strategies for the conceptualisation and implementation of city-level injury prevention initiatives in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"24 1","pages":"45-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86954316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Masculinity and male mortality in South Africa 南非的男子气概和男性死亡率

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31587

Kopano Ratele

{"title":"Masculinity and male mortality in South Africa","authors":"Kopano Ratele","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31587","url":null,"abstract":"Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) has estimated that in mid-2006 there were approximately 47 390 900 individuals in South Africa, 23 327 600 of whom were males and 24 063 300 females, a difference of 735 700. In the previous year, the mid-2005 estimates had shown that the population numbered about 46.88 million people. There were nearly 747 600 fewer males than females in the population, an increase from the 612 000 of mid-2004. Besides the numerical differences between the sexes over these years, an important fact to highlight from these estimates is that there were more males than females aged 0–mid-30s, after which there was a drop in the male population. This article presents and examines when and how South African males start to disappear from the population. It suggests that the numerical differences between the sexes evident in the population figures are related to sex/gender practices, specifically risky behaviours of males, which result in adult males dying in higher numbers than adult females. On this basis, the article finds a connection between, on the one hand, being male and, on the other, the manner and age of an individual's death, and employs the idea of ruling masculinity to discuss when and how males die. Keywords : males, masculinity, South Africa, sex, death African Safety Promotion Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 19-41","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"81 1","pages":"19-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87158782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

29th International Congress of Psychology 第29届国际心理学大会

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31602

S. Suffla

引用次数: 0

A personal approach to hearing conservation: the key to effective second-level noise control 保护听力的个人方法:有效控制二级噪声的关键

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31599

R. Steenkamp

{"title":"A personal approach to hearing conservation: the key to effective second-level noise control","authors":"R. Steenkamp","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31599","url":null,"abstract":"The English term \"boilermaker's deafness\" was often used during the 1700 and 1800s. It referred to high-frequency sensori-neural hearing loss found in workers exposed to high levels of noise intensity. Second-level noise control relates to hearing conservation programmes (HCPs) and hearing protection (as well as hearing protection devices, known as HPDs). First-level noise control involves using modern engineering to quieten machines. Effective second-level noise control (hearing conservation) is required in the presence of noise. This article focuses on HPD trends, personal hearing protection and personal hearing conservation. Statistics gathered over the years have indicated that HCPs were and still are inadequate, and the assumption that workers are well-protected is a dangerous one. Despite all the HCP models and HPD types, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) compensation statistics are still incredibly high. The multidimensionality of the problem necessitates a more personal and individualised approach to hearing conservation. This article reports on a study of HPD and HCP trends based on a questionnaire survey conducted with 55 specialist safety, health and environmental (SHE) managers in industry. The article describes a new paradigm of personal (custom-made) hearing conservation based on individual risk profiles, personal hearing protection, and higher HPD / HCP standards to prevent further spread of the irreversible and incurable NIHL pandemic.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"36 1","pages":"42-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89048890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Exposure to Traffic Related Hazards Among High School-Going Learners in South Africa 南非高中学生接触交通相关危害的情况

African Safety Promotion Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V6I1.31653

P. Reddy, S. Sifunda, S. James, N. Kambaran, R. Omardien

{"title":"Exposure to Traffic Related Hazards Among High School-Going Learners in South Africa","authors":"P. Reddy, S. Sifunda, S. James, N. Kambaran, R. Omardien","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V6I1.31653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V6I1.31653","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study that explored the extent to which young students engage in various behaviors that expose them to traffic related road hazards in South Africa. More than half (56.4%) of child transport-related deaths in South Africa are due to pedestrian injuries. Pedestrian deaths are ranked as the top external cause of death among children aged 5-14 years. Among older people the risk of traffic-related hazards is even higher as over 70% of transport-related deaths occur among pedestrians, of whom 60% have elevated alcohol concentration levels. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study across the nine provinces of South Africa, using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling to select a total of 23 schools in each of the provinces and random selection to choose two classes per school. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 10,699 students in 207 schools. The respondents included 54% females and 46% males with an average age of 17 years. Preliminary findings demonstrated a low usage of seatbelts (21.4%); over one-third of the students (35%) reported being in a car driven by an intoxicated driver; and 8% had driven after drinking alcohol. More males than females reported being in a car driven by an intoxicated driver (35% versus 32%) and driving a car after drinking alcohol (7.8% versus 5.5%). Over 10% of students reported walking alongside a road after drinking alcohol with the highest rate (19.6%) occurring in Western Cape. The authors conclude by calling for more collaborative multi-sectorial partnerships between research disciplines to explore road safety beyond surveillance data and the incorporation of theoretically-based behavior change interventions for all road users.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89822839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4