Journal of Plant Studies最新文献

{"title":"Cellular Calcium Distribution Modulates the Growth of Callus and Protoplasts of Halophyte Mangrove Plant, Avicennia Alba - an X-ray Microanalysis","authors":"Manabu Hayatsu, Suechika Suzuki, S. Tsuchiya, H. Sasamoto","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N2P18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N2P18","url":null,"abstract":"Two cultured cell lines were developed from cotyledons of a halophyte mangrove, Avicennia alba . In the high-Ca callus line , which was sub-cultured in a modified amino acid medium containing 3 mM CaCl 2 , growth of calluses and their protoplasts were both inhibited by low concentrations of CaCl 2 in the culture medium. Removal of Ca 2+ from the culture medium stimulated callus growth and the calluses could be sub-cultured without CaCl 2 (low-Ca callus line) . The intra- (cytoplasmic matrix and vacuole) and extra - (cell wall) cellular concentrations of elements, i.e., [ Ca], [K], [Cl], [Na], [Mg], [P] and [S] were investigated using quantitative X-ray microanalysis of cryosections of calluses from both cell lines . [Ca] was high in the cytoplasmic matrix and cell wall of the high-Ca line . [Ca] was lowered in the low-Ca line in all cell compartments , though still detected. Ca-containing electron-dense precipitates were accumulated in the middle lamella of cell walls in resin-embedded sections of the high-Ca line . CaCl 2 in the medium stimulated protoplast growth only in the low-Ca line . These results suggested that a low cellular [Ca] is needed for protoplasts growth of A. alba. The im portance of cellular [Ca] for the growth of halophilic mangrove plant cells was discussed.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"249 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133258801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Foliar Trichomes in Combretum Loelf. (Combretaceae) in Parts of West Africa","authors":"C. Ekeke, I. Agbagwa","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N2P9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N2P9","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the foliar trichome types, density and distribution among the genus Combretum Loelf. in parts of West Africa. Fresh and herbarium specimens were used. These specimens were fixed, peeled, trichome types identified and micro-photographed using a Leica WILD MPS 52 microscope camera on a Leitz Diaplan microscope. Generally, two major trichome groups were identified among these species studied. These include glandular trichomes: multicellular gland head with uniseriate stalk (MGU), cylindrical uniseriate clavate trichome (CUCT), unicellular gland with unisariate stalk (UGHU), cylindrical uniseriate trichome (CUT), paltate gland head (PGH) and combretaceous eglandular (non-glandular) conical trichome (long and short types). The eglandular trichome types were the most widely distributed trichome found in the species and could be used to distinguish the genus. They occurred in all the species studied except C. glutinosum and C. micranthum. Among the glandular trichomes, cylindrical uniseriate trichome was the most dominant occurring in 11 species namely; C. aculeatum, C. bracteatum, C. collinum subsp. binderianum, C. collinum subsp. hypopilinum, C. constrictum, C. capitatum, C. hispidum, C. nigricans, C. panuculatum, C. platypterum and C. zenkeri. This is followed by multicellular gland head with uniseriate stalk (MGU) trichome type which occurred in 9 species (C. bracteatum, C. collinum subsp. binderianum, C. collinum subsp. hypopilinum, C. constrictum, C. excelsum, C. hispidum, C. mooreanum, C. platypterum and C. racemosum). The trichome density varied from 1.25±0.44 trichomes per 100 cells to 600 trichomes per 100 cells. The distribution/occurrence, density and type of these trichomes formed dependable character for delimitating Combretum species. The findings of this study showed that trichomes provide good taxonomic characters useful for in differentiating the genus Combretum in West Africa.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130187635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic Activity of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Nievum Isolated from Soil Samples in Palestine","authors":"M. Salman, N. Shahin, N. Abu-Khalaf, Mohammad Jawabrih, Basima Abu Rumaileh, R. Abuamsha, S. Barghouthi","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"Watermelon is an important summer crop in Palestine, for several decades filling the needs of local market and some Arab countries. The yield of watermelon decreased dramatically in recent years due to severe infections with the soil borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON). Soil fumigation with methyl bromide was commonly applied by Palestinian farmers until it was recently legally banned. Different control mechanisms were not feasible to overcome problems caused by the disease resulting in decreased watermelon cultivation in Palestine for the past 30 years. In this work, we have experimentally shown that Pseudomonas fluorescens was efficient in controlling FON infection and allowing normal seedling growth of both the root and shoot systems. Field experiments are necessary to further confirm the efficacy of biocontrol application.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129432796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the rrl3 Mutants Reveals the Importance of Arginine Biosynthesis in the Maintenance of Root Apical Meristem in Rice","authors":"I. Shelley, S. Watanabe, H. Ozaki, N. Nagasawa, Atsushi Ogawa, Misuzu Takahashi-Nosaka, S. Nishiuchi, A. Yamauchi, H. Kitano, Y. Inukai","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V7N1P36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V7N1P36","url":null,"abstract":"We characterized reduced root length3(rrl3) mutantsof rice that exhibit a short-root phenotype under conditions producing mechanical impediments to growth, such as aerated water culture medium. The mutants were not able to maintain the quiescent center (QC) identity and produced disorganized root apical meristem (RAM) under aeration because of impaired cell division. A map-based cloning approach showed that RRL3 encodes carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) which is thought to be required for the conversion of ornithine into citrulline during arginine biosynthesis. The RRL3 gene is expressed highly at the root tip area that includes the root cap and division zone. The RRL3 gene expression level was greatly affected by aeration treatment, indicating that the spatiotemporal expression of the RRL3 gene with respect to the aeration is important for the maintenance of RAM. Furthermore, the application of citrulline and arginine could rescue the root phenotype, which implied that arginine biosynthesis was impaired in the rrl3-1 mutant. These results suggest that the RRL3 regulated arginine biosynthesis is important for the maintenance of RAM organization in the presence of mechanical impediments.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"67 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124528646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Concentrations of Organic Waste on Selected Traits of Individuals Capsicum Chinense Jacq.","authors":"Francisco Orlando Holanda Costa Filho, Jefania Sousa Braga Amorim, Magnum de Sousa Pereira, F.E.L. Barbosa, R. M. Barbosa, Roberto Albuquerque Pontes Filho, F. Gondim","doi":"10.5539/jps.v6n1p76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jps.v6n1p76","url":null,"abstract":"At present, excessive waste production makes it necessary to carry out research aimed to minimize the problems arising from waste generation and inadequate disposal. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze plant growth, fruit production, antioxidative enzyme activities and organic solute contents in fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. plants (BRS Moema cultivar) growing in substrates with different concentrations of municipal organic solid waste (MW) or shrimp waste (SW) under greenhouse conditions. A completely randomized design was used with seven treatments (control; MW at 50, 100 and 200% of recommendation; and SW also at 50, 100 and 200%) and five replications. The MW and SW were mixed with the soil. When plants already had fruits, 122 days after sowing (DAS), shoot height, stem diameter and number of leaves were determined, and 134 DAS, the visibly ripe fruits were collected and stored at -20 °C for subsequent biochemical analysis. The MW and SW provided a linear increase in the parameters of shoot height, stem diameter and number of leaves. The numbers of fruits in the treatments were quite variable, but it can be concluded that the MW 200 and SW 100 treatments provided higher fruit production. The best results for the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) in the fruits occurred in the MW 100 and SW 200 treatments. Both provided an increase in CAT and reductions in APX and GPX, which can contribute to greater postharvest life of C. chinense Jacq. fruits. In relation to soluble protein and carbohydrate contents, the MW 100 and SW 100 treatments did not contribute to their increase; in the other residue concentrations, the results were variable. However, considering all parameters analysed in this study, the most suitable treatments would be MW 100 and SW 100. Therefore, the results demonstrate the susceptibility of using substrates with MW and SW in the cultivation of C. chinense Jacq. plants.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126413687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Analysis of Needle Morphological and Anatomical Traits among Nature Populations of Pinus Tabuliformis","authors":"Meiyan Zhang, Jingxiang Meng, Zijie Zhang, Song Zhu, Yue Li","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N1P62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N1P62","url":null,"abstract":"The morphological and anatomical traits of needles are important to evaluate geographic variation and population dynamics of conifer species. Variations of morphological and anatomical needle traits in coniferous species are considered to be the consequence of genetic evolution, and be used in geographic variation and ecological studies, etc. Pinus tabuliformis is a particular native coniferous species in northern and central China. For understanding its adaptive evolution in needle traits, the needle samplings of 10 geographic populations were collected from a 30yr provenience common garden trail that might eliminate site environment effect and show genetic variation among populations and 20 needle morphological and anatomical traits were involved. The results showed that variations among and within populations were significantly different over all the measured traits and the variance components within population were generally higher than that among populations in the most measured needle traits. Population heritabilities in all measured traits were higher than 0.7 in common garden sampling among populations. Needle traits were more significantly correlated with longitude than other factors. First five principal components accounted for 81.6% of the variation with eigenvalues greater than 1; the differences among populations were mainly dependent on needle width, stomatal density, section areas of vascular bundle, total resin canals, and mesophyll, as well as area ratio traits. Ten populations were divided into two categories by Euclidean distance. Variations in needle traits among the populations have shown systematic microevolution in terms of geographic impact on P. tabuliformis. This study would provide empirical data to characterize adaptation and genetic variation of P. tabuliformis, which should be more available for ecological studies.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122800707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Nitric Oxide with Phytohormones under Drought Stress","authors":"Srivani S. Adimulam, P. Bhatnagar-Mathur, P. Santisree","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N1P58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N1P58","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are often exposed to a plethora of stress conditions such as salinity, extreme temperatures, drought, and heavy metals that can greatly impact farmer’s income. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in resistance to various plant stresses and hence gaining increasing attention from plant researchers. NO mediate various abiotic and biotic stresses in plants including drought stress. However, it is still unclear about the actual involvement of NO in drought stress responses at a whole plant level. Whether NO act alone or in coherence with other phytohormones and signaling molecules is an open question till now. Here we summarized the interaction of NO with the well-known phytohormones in coping with the drought stress.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124471451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of different environmental stimuli on the release of 1-MCP from boron-MCP complexes.","authors":"T. Shahrin, Majher I. Sarker, Yanli Zheng, P. Tomasula, Linshu Liu","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N1P46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N1P46","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous report, boron derivatives of methylene cyclopropane complexes (B-MCP) were developed to stabilize the gaseous 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), a commercial plant growth regulator, for eventual release in open crop fields when under humid conditions or in contact with water. To meet the requirements of various end-use applications, B-MCP compounds that can release 1-MCP at different rates for different time periods are demanded. In this paper, we examined the impact of different environmental stimuli such as humidity, surface area, water pH and water volume on the release kinetics of 1-MCP from B-MCP compounds of various chemical structures. The results showed that the release of 1-MCP from B-MCP compounds can be tailored by altering the architectures and chemical natures of the two short-chain moieties attached to the boron atom and thus either the electronic affinity or the hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties or both.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125129313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)","authors":"Y. Zubairu, J. Oladiran, O. Osunde, U. Ismaila","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N1P39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N1P39","url":null,"abstract":"Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133832021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a method to measure mechanical properties of single elongated callose fibers in protoplast cultures of Larix leptolepis and Betula platyphylla","authors":"Tomoya Oyanagi, Asami Kurita, T. Shiraishi, H. Sasamoto","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N1P31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N1P31","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a method to measure mechanical properties of single fibers of callose in liquid protoplast cultures of Larix leptolepis and Betula platyphylla, which were formed in media containing 50 mM of MgCl2 or 100 mM of CaCl2, respectively. Tensile test was performed using two micromanipulators loading micropipettes under an inverted microscope. Spring constant of the pipette used was first calibrated and calculated from using a microbalance. The callose fiber was wired between the two micropipettes. The Young’s modulus of single fibers for Larix and Betula was 7-9 kPa (1.4-1.9 x 104 N/m2) though the diameters of the fiber varied from 10 μm for Larix and 22-26 μm for Betula. No difference was found between experiments with and without medium containing high concentrations of salts. Tensile strength at break was 1.1-1.8 kPa (2.3-3.6 x 103 N/m2). The values are compared to other materials including cellulose containing plant cell wall, cell membranes, and amorphous callose. The value of the Young’s modulus observed was discussed.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"125 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133801704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}