Journal of Plant Studies最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Planting Method on Enhanced Stand Establishment and Subsequent Performance of Forage Native Warm-Season Grasses","authors":"V. Temu, M. Kering, L. Rutto","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V5N1P38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V5N1P38","url":null,"abstract":"To develop strategies for successful establishment of forage native warm-season grasses (NWSGs) in southeastern USA, early agronomic performance of transplanted and seeded stands of big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass [IG, Sorghastrum nutans (L.). Nash], and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum L.) were compared. In early June, about 6-week old high tunnel grown seedlings were transplanted to assigned clean seedbeds. Plant spacing (cm) was 30-within and 45-between rows. Seeded plots received ≥ 11 kg seeds ha -1 planted at ≤ 2 cm deep in 45-cm wide rows, a month after transplanting to match rainfall availability. As needed, tall-growing broadleaf weeds were removed physically by cutting with a hand hoe. Plants were allowed uninterrupted first year growth with no fertilizer applied. Early in the following spring, dead standing biomass was mowed down to allow the emerging tillers more access to sunlight. During the second and third year after planting, plots were machine harvested twice between July and September for yield assessment. Percentage ground covered by plant material and species basal diameters were also recorded. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design for effects of planting method, species, and stand age. Except for GG, transplanting resulted in greater (>3,000 kg DM ha -1 ) forage yield and more so during the second harvest year. Total second year yields were similar for BB and GG and averaged 9,600 and 6,300 kg DM ha -1 for transplanted and seeded, respectively. Indiangrass and SG yields (kg DM ha -1 ) were 11,500 and 8,300 and 13,000 and 10,000 for transplanted and seeded plots, respectively. The NWSG ground cover was greater in the transplanted than seeded plots, while the reverse was true for weed cover. Data indicate that, in less than two years, transplanting under comparable growing conditions can produce harvest-ready uniform NWSG stands in weed infested areas. For practical recommendations, however, data on comparable responses of transplanted vs seeded stands to actual grazing at a similar timing is necessary.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122425921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Potato Varieties to Potassium Levels in Hamelmalo Area, Eritrea","authors":"Daniel Zeru Zelelew, B. M. Ghebreslassie","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V5N1P11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V5N1P11","url":null,"abstract":"Poor soil fertility and lack of high yielding certified varieties are of the major potato production tribulations in Eritrea. Top soils are continually removed due to water run-off and thus soil fertility and productivity has declined as a result. An experiment was designed to assess the response of potato varieties to different levels of potassium application at Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea. Three varieties (Ajiba, Zafira and Picasso) and five potassium levels (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg K2O/ha) along with all possible interactions were used. Experimental design following factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications was employed. Data was collected on yield and tuber quality parameters. The result of the study indicated that there were significant variations in the performances of varieties in terms of yield and quality parameters in which Ajiba was found to be more responsive and high yielding. Tuber number, tuber diameter, tuber weight per plant, total yield, total soluble solids, specific gravity and tuber moisture content showed significant differences due to the application of potassium. As a result, the highest tuber weight (1.14 kg/plant) and yield (49.38 tones/ha) were recorded from Ajiba treated with 300 kg K2O/ha. The result further revealed that there is a promising profit return by investing more on potassium application upto 300 kg K2O/ha. It is, thus, recommended that potassium fertilizers should be introduced to optimize productivity in Hamelmalo area, Eritrea.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128292765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorococcum humicola (Nageli) Rabenhorst as a Renewable Source of Bioproducts and Biofuel","authors":"K. Santhoshkumar, S. Prasanthkumar, J. G. Ray","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V5N1P48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V5N1P48","url":null,"abstract":"Among the diverse new generation biomass yielding species, green algae are the most promising organisms. Compared to biomass production of other organisms, production of algae is less laborious, quite fast, and more economical. Moreover, eutrophicated waters get naturally purified in the cultivation process of algae. Algal biomass from monoculture of specific species, which are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, is considered a good source of diverse bio-products and feed-stock for food, feeds and bio-fuels. Quantity and quality of algal biomass for specific products depend on the species and strains as well as environmental conditions of cultivation. In this connection, biomass productivity and oil-yield of a local strain of Chlorococcum humicola (Nageli) Rabenhorst was assessed in Bold’s Basal Medium. Long-term storage capacity of the alga was tried by entrapping the algal cells in sodium alginate beads, which showed viability up to 14 months. Estimation of total carbohydrate, protein, lipid and chemical characterization of oil as well as the feasibility of its conversion to biodiesel revealed the industrial potential of this local strain as a source of food and biofuel. Fatty acid profiling of the extracted oil showed that 70% are mono-saturated and 12.2 % are nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oil could be effectively trans-esterified to methyl esters and the conversion was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Further standardization of the mass production of the alga in natural environmental conditions for biomass and oil is progressing to optimize its value as globally competent food, nutraceutical and biofuel resource.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cymbopogon Citratus on Oxidative Stress Markers in Erythrocytes from Postmenopausal Woman: A Pilot Study","authors":"Gabriela Tassotti Gelatti, R. C. Horn, Natacha Cossettin Mori, E. Berlezi, A. C. Tissiani, Mariana Spanamberg Mayer, Daiana Meggiolaro Gewehr","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V5N1P20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V5N1P20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Analyzing \" in vitro \" the antioxidant activity of the lemon grass ( Cymbopogon citratus Stapf ) over markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes of women on postmenopausal period. Method: Total blood with anticoagulant has been collected from 28 women on postmenopausal. The plasma was discarded. The diluted erythrocyte on 5% with saline and divided in 5 groups of treatment: Group 0: erythrocytes without treatment; Group 5, 10, 25 and 50 erythrocytes treated respectively with 5, 10, 25 and 50 g/L of infusion of lemon grass, in water bath on 37°C for 1 hour. After this period the erythrocytes were hemolysated in vortex and on the supernatant were evaluated the level of the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Carbonylated Proteins (PCs) and of the Reduced Glutathione (GSH). Results: There were no significant alterations on the PCs levels of the studied groups. However the TBARS levels got reduced on the group 25 and the GSH levels got increased on the group 50. Conclusion: These results indicate that the lemon grass seems to be an effective antioxidant agent when it's used in infusions with concentration of 25 and 50 g/L.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1-MCP Releasing complex for open-field application","authors":"Majher I. Sarker, P. Tomasula, Linshu Liu","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V5N1P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V5N1P1","url":null,"abstract":"1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is a gas at room temperature which makes it difficult to handle and limits its application to use in closed environments. Open field application of 1-MCP can be a solution to protect crops from environmental stresses like drought or water logging. Our previous studies showed that Boronized-MCP is stable at ambient conditions and can gradually release 1-MCP when in contact with water. In this study the new complexes, suitable for being used directly in open crop fields have been generated and analyzed and also the effectiveness of the previously reported complexes in an open environment has been investigated. This new generation of boron complexes releases 1-MCP in a controlled way upon water contact without emitting any other volatile substances and thus expands their field of application.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121712282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Structure and Diversity of Prosopis africana (G. et Perr.) Taub. Tree Stands in the Southeastern Niger","authors":"Laouali Abdou, B. Morou, T. Abasse, A. Mahamane","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V5N1P58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V5N1P58","url":null,"abstract":"All parts of Prosopis africana are used by rural people in Niger, and this exposes it to degradation and a regeneration problems. The objective of this study was to determine the structure and regeneration of P. africana stands in the southern regions of Maradi and Zinder, Niger. Data were collected in plots, following transects after stratified sampling. Trunk diameter of all woody species was recorded in 126 plots. The diversity was analyzed and diameter structure and regeneration rates were determined. P. africana was the predominant species in both Maradi and Zinder: frequency = 40.35% and 43.95% of all species, respectively in Maradi and Zinder; importance value index = 40.57% in Maradi and 48.60% in Zinder. The Shannon diversity index was 2.82 in Maradi and 2.40 in Zinder and the Sorensen similarity index between the two regions was 0.73. According to the diameter structure, the stands were degraded in Zinder but regenerating in Maradi. The density of P. africana per hectare for trees with trunk diameter > 5 cm and < 5 cm, respectively was 16 and 51 in Maradi, and 30 and 12 in Zinder. The regeneration rate of P. africana was low compared with the general woody population. These results show the need for reforestation operations, using appropriate techniques, to avoid local extinction of the species.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128921612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Dynamics of Populations of Mites in nectarine Trees (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) (Rosaceae)","authors":"F. Baldo, A. Raga, J. L. Mineiro, J. Castro","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V5N1P28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V5N1P28","url":null,"abstract":"The international literature does not provide much information about the incidence of species of mites in nectarine cultivars. The purpose of the present study was to determine diversity and dynamics of populations of mites and their interactions in different nectarine cultivars in the southwestern region of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. These mites were split into 15 families, 22 genders and 28 species. Aculus fockeui (Nalepa & Trouessant) (Eriophyidae) was the most abundant species, with 90.2 % of the mites collected. The populations of A. fockeui displayed specific periods with greater number of individuals. Phytoseiidae showed the highest richness of species. Ricoseius loxocheles (De Leon) and Euseius ho (De Leon) were the most abundant predators. Euseius ho population showed a positive correlation with rainfall.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130842651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy of prepatterns in plants: a survey.","authors":"R. Korn","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V6N1P89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V6N1P89","url":null,"abstract":"Prepatterns were initially described independently by Bunning in 1953 for plants and by Stern in 1954 for Drosophila with most of the features essentially the same. The one important difference is that in plants the elements of a prepattern are morphologically recognizable whereas in animals they are detected only indirectly. Two kinds of prepatterns in plants are (a) replacement where elements of a prepattern are substituted by more differentiated elements in the pattern and (b) copy where a pattern forms near the prepattern and both are adaptive but in different ways. A case of replacement is where meristemoid cells in the prepattern are exchanged for stomata in the pattern and an example of copy is the vein pattern in watermelon mesophyll gives rise to nearby stripes in the epidermis. Both replacement and copy prepattern-pattern dualities occur at different levels of plant organization from cell components (thickened vertices in collenchyma) to individual plants (plantlets along the margin of the Bryophyllum leaf). Comparative morphoanatomy of vascular plants finds similar patterns to both lower plants and animals suggesting these features are conserved in the former and had independent origins in the latter.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116426093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Physiology of Chilling Temperature Requirements for Dormancy Release and Bud-break in Temperate Fruit Trees Grown at Mild Winter Tropical Climate","authors":"A. Melke","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V4N2P110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V4N2P110","url":null,"abstract":"It is studied that inadequate winter chilling may interfere with the normal processes of plant growth, reproductive development and subsequent yield. As much of the evidences behind these studies are subjective and region based, the available information was collated and evaluated to further investigate the impacts of winter chill that is currently an issue of fruit growers in mild winter areas. Though, the period of adequate low temperatures is insufficient in warmer regions to satisfy the chilling requirements of temperate fruit trees, this call up on many option for chill compensation; like planting low chill cultivars, use of dormancy breaking chemicals, forced defoliation, pruning and some other techniques as an alternative strategies. However, the diverse agro-climatic conditions due to major differences in altitude, rainfall as well as in slope characteristics showed the existence of different chilling temperature requirements across locations that favor many temperate fruit trees to grow: including apple, pear, grape, peach, nectarine, plum, cherry, walnut, almond and other fruit tree species. Temperate fruit production in mild winter areas now days increased rapidly and even more new industries are being developed in regions where none previously existed. To date, in tropical highlands, fruit productivity and quality have been gradually improved through introduction and selection of better adaptable varieties based on their chilling requirements. To supplement the present existing knowledge gap in relation to the cultivar-environment interactions, the use of chill models to quantify chill accumulation during winter months would help in classifying the environment (potential growing areas) according to the amount of chill hours existed in that location. Up to date, a number of valid methods were applied for quantification of chill accumulation in tropical and sub-tropical conditions showed varying results depending on the types of species, existing warm temperature and other climatic variables. The limitation in their predictive performance from region to region is due to their designing approaches that were primarily for temperate climate. This requires a model comparison for specific location, i.e. by using more than one model to avoid the potential mis­leading in calculation and chill estimation. Of the chill models tested to quantify the chill accumulation in the mild winter areas, the use of dynamic model gave good estimation that it nullifies the chilling reversal by high temperature. Also, the model of Positive Chill Units (PCU, or Positive Utah) is a competent under warm climate, next to the dynamic model. The Positive Utah model, an iteration of the original Utah, excludes the negation influence of high temperatures. The procedure for PCU is the same as for the original Utah model except that, when negative, the chill unit value is set equal to zero. Therefore, the accumulated chill units are equal to zero until the temperatures ","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130496010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution to the Knowledge of Plants Used by Bantu and Pygmy Healers in Beni and Lubero Territories (Democratic Republic of Congo)","authors":"Eric Lukwamirwe Kasika, Valentin Kamabu Vasombolwa, J. Lejoly","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V4N2P157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V4N2P157","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicine is largely used in Benin and Lubero Territories (D R Congo) as costs for conventional drugs increase and become unaffordable to many people, particularly living in rural areas. The aim of this work is to unlock convergences of plant species used in Bantu and Pygmy herbal medicine. An ethno botanical survey was conducted from 2010 to 2012 in Beni and Lubero Territories. Thirty- six healers, well known in villages where Nande Bantus and Mbuti Pygmy live together were interviewed concerning the plant species used in traditional medicine. One hundred and ninety seven recipes from 182 plant species were identified in Bantu ethnic group and 78 recipes from 83 plant species in pygmy ethnic group. Decoction and Carbonization have been the main modes of preparation by Bantus healers, whereas pygmy healers have mostly used triturating. Ruderal plant species were mostly used among which the Asteraceae family is preponderant (23%). Frequencies comparison with Khi squared method has shown that Bantu herbal medicine is different from pygmies’ traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134327473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}