ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)最新文献_第8页

Estimating Income/Expenditure Differences Across Populations: New Fun with Old Engel's Law 估算不同人群的收入/支出差异:旧恩格尔定律的新乐趣

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2364649

L. Pritchett, Marla Spivack

{"title":"Estimating Income/Expenditure Differences Across Populations: New Fun with Old Engel's Law","authors":"L. Pritchett, Marla Spivack","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2364649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2364649","url":null,"abstract":"How much larger are the consumption possibilities of an urban US household with per capita expenditures of 1,000 US dollars per month than a rural Indonesian household with per capita expenditures of 1,000,000 Indonesian Rupiah per month? Consumers in different markets face widely different consumption possibilities and prices and hence the conversion of incomes or expenditures to truly comparable units of purchasing power is extremely difficult. We propose a simple supplement to existing purchasing power adjusted currency conversions. The Pritchett-Spivack Ratio (PSR) estimates the differences in household per capita expenditure using a simple inversion of the Engel’s law relationship between the share of food in consumption and total income/expenditures. Intuitively, we ask: “How much higher (as a ratio) would the expenditures of a household at 1,000,000 Indonesian Rupiah need to be along a given Engel relationship before they were predicted to have the same food share as a US household with consumption of 1,000 US dollars?” The striking empirical stability of Working-Lesser Engel coefficient estimates across time and space and widely available estimates of consumptions expenditures and hence food shares allow us to make two robust points using the PSR. First, the consumption of the typical (median) household in a developing country would have to rise 5 to10 fold to reach that of a household at the poverty line in an OECD country. Second, even the “rich of the poor”—the 90th or 95th percentile in developing countries—have food shares substantially higher than the “poor of the rich.”","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Spatial Analysis of Dumpsites Volumes from Rural Territory Case Study: Neamt County, Romania 农村地区垃圾场体积的空间分析——以罗马尼亚Neamt县为例

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-06-28 DOI: 10.5775/FG.2067-4635.2013.063.I

F. Mihai, A. Lamasanu

引用次数: 10

Quantifying Slumness with Remote Sensing Data 用遥感数据量化睡眠

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-06-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2390737

J. Duque, Jorge E. Patiño, L. Ruiz, J. Pardo

{"title":"Quantifying Slumness with Remote Sensing Data","authors":"J. Duque, Jorge E. Patiño, L. Ruiz, J. Pardo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2390737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2390737","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of slums in a city is an indicator of poverty and its proper delimitation is a matter of interest for researchers and policy makers. Socio-economic data from surveys and censuses are the primary source of information to identify and quantify slumness within a city or a town. One problem of using survey data for quantifying slumness is that this type of data is usually collected every ten years and is an expensive and time consuming process. Based on the premise that the physical appearance of an urban settlement is a reflection of the society that created it and on the assumption that people living in urban areas with similar physical housing conditions will have similar social and demographic characteristics (Jain, 2008; Taubenb¨ock et al., 2009b); this paper uses data from Medellin City, Colombia, to estimate slum index using solely remote sensing data from an orthorectified, pan-sharpened, natural color Quickbird scene. For Medellin city, the percentage of clay roofs cover and the mean swimming pool density at the analytical region level can explain up to 59% of the variability in the slum index. Structure and texture measures are useful to characterize the differences in the homogeneity of the spatial pattern of the urban layout and they improve the explanatory power of the statistical models when taken into account. When no other information is used, they can explain up to 30% of the variability of the slum index. The results of this research are encouraging and many researchers, urban planners and policy makers could benefit from this rapid and low cost approach to characterize the intra-urban variations of slumness in cities with sparse data or no data at all.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124360598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Happiness‐Reducing Costs of Noise Pollution 幸福-降低噪音污染的成本

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/jors.12001

Diana M. Weinhold

引用次数: 32

Shipping Costs, Information Costs, and the Sources of Industrial Coagglomeration 运输成本、信息成本与产业集聚的来源

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/jors.12002

Ryan M. Gallagher

引用次数: 9

Financing Residential Development with Special Districts 特区住宅开发融资

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6229.2012.00332.x

Stephen B. Billings, T. Thibodeau

{"title":"Financing Residential Development with Special Districts","authors":"Stephen B. Billings, T. Thibodeau","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-6229.2012.00332.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6229.2012.00332.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically examines the extent to which the property tax liability created by financing residential infrastructure using special district bonds is capitalized in house prices. We compare house prices for single‐family detached homes built within development districts to similar properties located outside development districts. Our hedonic specification includes the usual housing characteristics and controls for the influence of spatial attributes using Census Block Group “neighborhood” fixed effects. The preferred empirical specification restricts the data to neighborhoods that have numerous sales of recently constructed single‐family detached homes located both within and outside development districts. The empirical results indicate that house prices for homes located within development districts are lower than house prices for similar homes located outside of development districts, but the amount of property tax capitalization is significantly less than full. Results depend on our Generalized Methods of Moments estimator, which instruments property tax rates using the characteristics of development districts. We identify valid instruments by restricting transactions to properties located in rapidly growing suburban developments.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122404747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Isolated Capital Cities and Misgovernance: Theory and Evidence 孤立的首都城市与治理不善:理论与证据

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3386/W19028

Filipe R. Campante, Quoc-Anh Do, Bernardo Guimaraes

{"title":"Isolated Capital Cities and Misgovernance: Theory and Evidence","authors":"Filipe R. Campante, Quoc-Anh Do, Bernardo Guimaraes","doi":"10.3386/W19028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W19028","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by a novel stylized fact -- countries with isolated capital cities display worse quality of governance -- we provide a framework of endogenous institutional choice based on the idea that elites are constrained by the threat of rebellion, and that this threat is rendered less effective by distance from the seat of political power. In established democracies, the threat of insurgencies is not a binding constraint, and the model predicts no correlation between isolated capitals and misgovernance. In contrast, a correlation emerges in equilibrium in the case of autocracies. Causality runs both ways: broader power sharing (associated with better governance) means that any rents have to be shared more broadly, hence the elite has less of an incentive to protect its position by isolating the capital city; conversely, a more isolated capital city allows the elite to appropriate a larger share of output, so the costs of better governance for the elite, in terms of rents that would have to be shared, are larger. We show evidence that this pattern holds true robustly in the data. We also show that isolated capitals are associated with less power sharing, a larger income premium enjoyed by capital city inhabitants, and lower levels of military spending by ruling elites, as predicted by the theory.","PeriodicalId":410291,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Analytical Models (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125052488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

The Impact of NREGS on Urbanization in India NREGS对印度城市化的影响

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-08-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2134778

S. Ravi, M. Kapoor, Rahul Ahluwalia

引用次数: 13

A Spatial Knowledge Economy 空间知识经济

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.20130249

D. Davis, Jonathan I. Dingel

引用次数: 173

Distance and Political Boundaries: Estimating Border Effects Under Inequality Constraints 距离与政治边界:估计不平等约束下的边界效应

ERN: Analytical Models (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.3386/W18122

Fernando Borraz, A. Cavallo, R. Rigobón, Leandro Zipitría

引用次数: 46